China`s Strategy toward Northeast Asia and Her Views on the United States

( Yin Hong Shi ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2007 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.12 No.1

New Games in Tightly Fixed Structures: North Korea`s Volatile Desperation and China`s Cornered Strategy

( Yin Hong Shi ) 한국국방연구원 2011 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.23 No.3

What has happened to North Korea-China relations since autumn 2009 is nothing less than a renewal of the alliance. This is a sea change, brought about first of all by the deterioration of Kim Jong Il`s health and then by all the resulting turmoil of his regime`s instability and difficulties. Both sides` policy behavior toward the other became a "new game," dictated by a sort of dire emergency, and placed them in a tightly fixed structure reducing much of the scope for a strategy adjustment. Pyongyang`s new game has been characterized prominently by volatility or a malfunctioning of the "rational" policymaking capacity of the ailing dictator. Volatile desperation dominates behavior in the leadership succession, in military affairs, the nuclear arms program, its posture toward the United States and ROK, respectively, and in its relations with China. The new game can be defined as one between a volatile DPRK and a relatively loyal ally with an anxious strategy that is cornered in its relations with the ROK and the United States on the North Korean issue. China`s relationship with the DPRK is the most complicated of all, and in a sense disabling. As to China-ROK cooperation on the North Korea issue, the above factors unfortunately dim the prospects; however, there is still reason for optimism if efforts continue to be made to find a resolution to the problem.

China and the North Korean nuclear issue: competing interests and persistent policy dilemmas

( Yin Hong Shi ) 한국국방연구원 2009 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.21 No.1

China`s role in the North Korean nuclear issue has undergone major change in recent years. In the initial years of the Six-Party Talks, China`s role was central as facilitator, arbiter, and host of the diplomatic process. However, since 2007 the U.S. North Korea bilateral relationship has been the dominant factor in Korean nuclear diplomacy, largely marginalizing China and the other three powers involved in these efforts. As a result, China has been confined principally to hosting the talks and to rubber-stamping agreements already achieved between Washington and Pyongyang. China continues to seek an uneasy balance among three vital interests: (1) ensuring peace on the peninsula; (2) fostering North Korea`s denuclearization; and (3) seeking to preserve a continued relationship with North Korea. But it has yet to develop a full strategy for reconciling these interests and managing its policy priorities. However, China has accelerated its economic and political ties with both the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Democratic People`s Republic of Korea (DPRK). Beijing therefore seems wellpositioned for the peninsula`s longer-term evolution, including its hopes that North Korea will ultimately move toward a more ````reformist```` orientation and a much-diminished emphasis on military power in its national strategy. But the dilemmas in Chinese policymaking persist, with Beijing able to influence but not control the major uncertainties, especially those related to North Korea`s future.

The Challenge of North Korea`s WMD Program and Its Implications for Military/Political Balance and Required Response: A Chinese Perspective

Shi Yin Hong 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2009 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.14 No.2

Structural response reconstruction based on the information fusion of multi-source particle filters

Yonghe Shi,Hong Yin,Zhenrui Peng,Zenghui Wang,Yu Bai 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.2

Aiming at the problems that the lack of theoretical basis for the selection of particle set sampling variance and the resampling methods in traditional particle filter algorithms, and sampling process is easily disturbed by noise, an uncertainty structural response reconstruction method based on the information fusion of multi-source particle filters is proposed. Firstly, the sampling variance of particle set is analogous to the accuracy index of sensors, and a number of independent particle filtering samples from different sources are performed to ensure the independence of particles. Then, abnormal filters are screened and eliminated according to relative percentage error (RPE) threshold of preliminary reconstruction, and the state estimation results of remained particle filters are fused by the multi-source sensors information fusion technique to approximate to the real state values with high accuracy. Finally, the fused state values and the state space models are employed to reconstruct the responses of key positions, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical example of the space truss structure and the cantilever beam test. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the influence of the above uncertainties on reconstruction results, effectively improve the particle impoverishment problem, the filtering stability is good and the reconstruction accuracy is high.

Methylome-wide Association Study of Patients with Recent-onset Psychosis

Yan-Hong Piao,Yin Cui,Fatima Zahra Rami,Ling Li,Maryam Karamikheirabad,Shi Hyun Kang,Sung-Wan Kim,Jung-Jin Kim,Bong Ju Lee,Young-Chul Chung 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.3

Objective: Dysregulation of gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms may have a vital role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SZ). In this study, we investigated the association of altered methylation patterns with SZ symptoms and early trauma in patients and healthy controls. Methods: The present study was conducted to identify methylation changes in CpG sites in peripheral blood associated with recent-onset (RO) psychosis using methylome-wide analysis. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, and diet, were controlled. Results: We identified 2,912 differentially methylated CpG sites in patients with RO psychosis compared to controls. Most of the genes associated with the top 20 differentially methylated sites had not been reported in previous methylation studies and were involved in apoptosis, autophagy, axonal growth, neuroinflammation, protein folding, etc. The top 15 significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways included the oxytocin signaling pathway, long-term depression pathway, axon guidance, endometrial cancer, long-term potentiation, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and glutamatergic pathway, among others. In the patient group, significant associations of novel methylated genes with early trauma and psychopathology were observed. Conclusion: Our results suggest an association of differential DNA methylation with the pathophysiology of psychosis and early trauma. Blood DNA methylation signatures show promise as biomarkers of future psychosis.

The physicochemical, antioxidant, hypoglycemic and prebiotic properties of γ-irradiated polysaccharides extracted from Lentinula edodes

Chaomin Yin,Chen Li,Kun Ma,Xiuzhi Fan,Fen Yao,Defang Shi,Wenjing Wu,Jianhui Qiu,Guoyuan Hu,Hong Gao 한국식품과학회 2023 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.32 No.7

In this study, the influence of γ-irradiation with different dose (0, 4, 8, and 16 kGy) on chemical composition, physicochemical features and bioactivities of polysaccharides extracted from Lentinula edodes (LEP) were investigated. The carbohydrate content (from 59.47 to 70.96%), the solubility, the ⋅OH and DPPH scavenging ability of LEP increased with the increased γ-irradiation dose, while the protein content, the weight-average and number-average molecular weight of LEP were significantly decreased with the increased γ-irradiation dose. Moreover, γ-irradiation treatment caused LEP color changes and surface topography destroyed. γ-Irradiated LEP showed higher hypoglycemic activities in vitro than that of non-irradiated LEP. Moreover, γ-irradiated LEP had better proliferation promoting effects on Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. plantarum. These results showed that γ-irradiation treatment changes the physicochemical features of LEP, thus affects its antioxidant, hypoglycemic and prebiotic properties, which suggests that γ-irradiated LEP has potential application in the pharmaceutical industries and functional foods.

Identification and characterization of a novel light-induced promoter for recombinant protein production in Pleurotus ostreatus

Chaomin Yin,Xiuzhi Fan,Kun Ma,Zheya Chen,Defang Shi,Fen Yao,Hong Gao,Aimin Ma 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.1

A lectin gene (plectin) with a high level of expression was previously identified by comparative transcriptome analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus. In this study, we cloned a 733-bp DNA fragment from the start codon of the plectin gene. Sequence analysis showed that the plectin promoter (Plp) region contained several eukaryotic transcription factor binding motifs, such as the TATA-box, four possible CAAT-box, light responsiveness motifs and MeJA-responsiveness motifs. To determine whether the Plp promoter was a light-regulated promoter, we constructed an expression vector with the fused egfp-hph fragment under the control of the Plp promoter and transformed P. ostreatus mycelia via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed the Plpegfp- hph fragment was integrated into the chromosomal DNA of transformants. qRT-PCR, egfp visualization, and intracellular egfp determination experiments showed the Plp promoter could be a light-induced promoter that may be suitable for P. ostreatus genetic engineering. This study lays the foundation for gene homologous expression in P. ostreatus.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide Suppresses Mouse 4T1 Breast Cancer Growth by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophage Differentiation

Rui Deng,Shi-min Wang,Tao Yin,Ting-hong Ye,Guo-bo Shen, Ling Li,Jing-yi Zhao,Ya-xiong Sang,Xiao-gang Duan,Yu-Quan Wei 한국유방암학회 2014 Journal of breast cancer Vol.17 No.1

Purpose: The universal organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)can be used as a differentiation inducer of many cancer cells andhas been widely used as a solvent in laboratories. However, itseffects on breast cancer cells are not well understood. The aimof this study is to investigate the effect and associated mechanismsof DMSO on mouse breast cancer. Methods: We appliedDMSO to observe the effect on tumors in a mouse breast cancermodel. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were tested byflow cytometry. Ex vivo tumor microenvironment was imitated by4T1 cultured cell conditioned medium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassays were performed to detect interleukin (IL)-10 andIL-12 expression in medium. To investigate the cytotoxicity ofDMSO on TAMs, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assays were performed. Results: We foundthat DMSO produced tumor retardation when injected into mouseperitoneal cavities in a certain concentration range (0.5–1.0 mg/g). Furthermore, as detected by flow cytometry, TAM subtypeswere found to be transformed. We further imitated a tumor microenvironmentin vitro by using 4T1 cultured cell conditionedmedium. Similarly, by using low concentration DMSO (1.0%–2.0% v/v), TAMs were induced to polarize to the classically activatedmacrophage (M1-type) and inhibited from polarizing intothe alternatively activated macrophage (M2-type) in the conditionedmedium. IL-10 expression in tumors was reduced, whileIL-12 was increased compared with the control. Furthermore, wereported that 2.0% (v/v) DMSO could lead to cytotoxicity in peritonealmacrophages after 48 hours in MTT assays. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that DMSO could exert antitumor effects in4T1 cancer-bearing mice by reversing TAM orientation and polarizationfrom M2- to M1-type TAMs. These data may providenovel insight into studying breast cancer immunotherapy.

Optimized Transformation of Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 Producing Leptomycin by Electroporation

Yong-Qiang Fan,Hong-Jian Liu,Li Yan,Yu-Shi Luan,Hai-Meng Zhou,Jun-Mo Yang,Shang-Jun Yin,Yu-Long Wang 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.3

Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 produces leptomycin derivatives. Leptomycin B, a potent and specific inhibitor against the export of nuclear proteins, is the main product; however, the introduction of DNA into this strain is almost impossible, which has impeded its further use. We developed a Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 transformation protocol to introduce foreign DNA via electroporation. Various conditions were examined, including treatments of the cell wall with weakening agents, electroporation parameters, and DNA content. We found that only plasmid DNA isolated from a dam- ET12567 strain resulted in successful transformation. The mycelium growing in a yeast-peptone-dextrose medium supplemented with 1% glycine at 28°C on a rotary shaker (220 rpm) was more dispersed than those without supplementation and prone to electroporation. The maximum transformation efficiency of 8×102 CFU/μg plasmid DNA was obtained at a field strength of 13 kV/cm with a time constant of 13 ms (25-μF capacitor; parallel resistance, 600 Ω) using 1-mm electrocuvettes. The results of the transformations of two other Streptomyces species indicated that the optimized conditions established in this study might only be applicable to Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366. However, this is the first report of successful transformation of Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366, and will facilitate the construction of a gene knockout mutant in Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 to produce series of new leptomycin derivatives.