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Compression Myelopathy due to Proliferative Changes around C2 Pars Defects without Instability
Tetsuya Kimura,Toshinori Sakai,Fumitake Tezuka,Mitsunobu Abe,Kazuta Yamashita,Yoichiro Takata,Kosaku Higashino,Koichi Sairyo 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.3
We report a case with compression myelopathy due to proliferative changes around the C2 pars defects without instability. A 69-yearold man presented with progressive clumsy hands and spastic gait. Plain radiographs showed bilateral spondylolysis (pars defects) at C2 and fusion between C2 and C3 spinous processes. Dynamic views revealed mobility through the pars defects, but there was no apparent instability. Computed tomography showed proliferative changes at the pars defects, which protruded into spinal canal. On magnetic resonance imaging, the spinal cord was compressed and intramedullary high signal change was found. A diagnosis of compression myelopathy due to proliferative changes around the C2 pars defects was made. We performed posterior decompression. Postoperatively, symptoms have been alleviated and images revealed sufficient decompression and no apparent instability. In patients with the cervical spondylolysis, myelopathy caused by instability or slippage have been periodically reported. The present case involving C2 spondylolysis is extremely rare.
Microtubule-associated protein tau is essential for long-term depression in the hippocampus
Kimura, Tetsuya,Whitcomb, Daniel J.,Jo, Jihoon,Regan, Philip,Piers, Thomas,Heo, Seonghoo,Brown, Christopher,Hashikawa, Tsutomu,Murayama, Miyuki,Seok, Heon,Sotiropoulos, Ioannis,Kim, Eunjoon,Collingrid The Royal Society 2014 Philosophical transactions. Biological sciences Vol.369 No.1633
<P>The microtubule-associated protein tau is a principal component of neurofibrillary tangles, and has been identified as a key molecule in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. However, it is unknown how a protein that is primarily located in axons is involved in a disease that is believed to have a synaptic origin. To investigate a possible synaptic function of tau, we studied synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and found a selective deficit in long-term depression (LTD) in tau knockout mice <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I>, an effect that was replicated by RNAi knockdown of tau <I>in vitro</I>. We found that the induction of LTD is associated with the glycogen synthase kinase-3-mediated phosphorylation of tau. These observations demonstrate that tau has a critical physiological function in LTD.</P>
Multi-step Metamagnetic Processes of PrPd2Si2 Single Crystal
Toru Shigeoka,Tetsuya Fujiwara,Keiichi Koyama,Shojiro Kimura,Kazuo Watanabe 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
Magnetic studies were performed on PrPd2Si2 single crystals which crystallize in the tetragonalThCr2Si2-type structure. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility indicates thatthe compound orders antiferromagnetically at temperatures below TN = 3.2 K. The transition wasconfirmed by specific heat measurements. Magnetization measurements at fields up to 18 T showthat the easy magnetization direction is the [100] direction in the basal plane. In the magnetizationprocess, five or four metamagnetic transitions appear; the process is a five (four)-step metamagneticone. The [110] magnetization process is a three-step one. A strong magnetic anisotropy betweenthe [100] and [110] directions is observed within the basal plane for high magnetic fields. Alongthe hard magnetization direction of the c-axis, a metamagnetic transition appears. The B[100] − Tphase diagram was constructed. A magnetic anisotropy between the [100] and [001] directions isalso strong. These behaviors are discussed based on an analysis of crystalline field effects.
Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy on Mixed-Valent Sm1−xYxS
Keiichiro Imura,Tetsuya Hajiri,Masaharu Matsunami,Shin-ichi Kimura,Masaki Kaneko,Takahiro Ito,Yusuke Nishi,Noriaki K. Sato,Hiroyuki S. Suzuki 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.12
We report the results of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on the Sm1−xYxSsystem, which exhibits a black-to-golden phase transition induced by yttrium substitution and by anapplied external pressure, in order to investigate the mechanism of this transition and the electronicstructure of both phases. The obtained ARPES spectrum of pure SmS (x = 0) indicates a bandinsulator, in which the shallowest electronic state is the Sm2+ 4f state at a binding energy of about0.4 eV. With increasing x, the top of the Sm2+ 4f band shifts to the lower binding energy side andtouches the Fermi level for x = 0.33. Because of the discontinuous reduction of the lattice constantin the vicinity of the black-to-golden phase transition (x 0.17), the golden phase induced byyttrium substitution is concluded to be an intermediate valence state.
Anaerobic Bacterial Degradation for the Effective Utilization of Biomass
Ohmiya, Kunio,Sakka, Kazuo,Kimura, Tetsuya The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.6
Biomass is originally photosynthesized from inorgainic compounds such as $CO_2$, minerals, water and solar energy. Recent studies have shown that anaerobic bacteria have the ability to convert recalcitrant biomass such as cellullosic or chitinoic materials to useful compounds. The biomass containing agricultural waste, unutilized wood and other garbage is expected to utilize as feed, food and fuel by microbial degradation and other metabolic functions. In this study we isolated several anaerobic, cellulolytic and chitinolytic bacteria from rumen fluid, compost and soil to study their related enzymes and genes. The anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria, Clostridium thermocellum, Clostridium stercorarium, and Clostridium josui, were isolated from compost and the chitinolytic Clostridium paraputrificum from beach soil and Ruminococcus albus was isolated from cow rumen. After isolation, novel cellulase and xylanase genes from these anaerobes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The properties of the cloned enzymes showed that some of them were the components of the enzyme (cellulase) complex, i.e., cellulosome, which is known to form complexes by binding cohesin domains on the cellulase integrating protein (Cip: or core protein) and dockerin domains on the enzymes. Several dockerin and cohesin polypeptides were independently produced by E. coli and their binding properties were specified with BIAcore by measuring surface plasmon resonance. Three pairs of cohesin-dockerin with differing binding specificities were selected. Two of their genes encoding their respective cohesin polypeptides were combined to one gene and expressed in E. coli as a chimeric core protein, on which two dockerin-dehydrogenase chimeras, the dockerin-formaldehyde dehydrogenase and the dockerin-NADH dehydrogenase are planning to bind for catalyzing $CO_2$ reduction to formic acid by feeding NADH. This reaction may represent a novel strategy for the reduction of the green house gases. Enzymes from the anaerobes were also expressed in tobacco and rice plants. The activity of a xylanase from C. stercorarium was detected in leaves, stems, and rice grain under the control of CaMV35S promoter. The digestibility of transgenic rice leaves in goat rumen was slightly accelerated. C. paraputrificum was found to solubilize shrimp shells and chitin to generate hydrogen gas. Hydrogen productivity (1.7 mol $H_2/mol$ glucos) of the organism was improved up to 1.8 times by additional expression of the own hydrogenase gene in C. paraputrficum using a modified vector of Clostridiu, perfringens. The hydrygen producing microflora from soil, garbage and dried pelletted garbage, known as refuse derived fuel(RDF), were also found to be effective in converting biomass waste to hydrogen gas.
Successive Magnetic Transitions of PrRh2 Single Crystals
Yu Okawara,Jingwei Cui,Tetsuya Fujiwara,Toru Shigeoka,Kazuyuki Matsubayashi,Yoshiya Uwatoko,Shojiro Kimura,Kazuo Watanabe 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
Measurements of the magnetization and the specific heat were performed on a PrRh2 single crystal. A strong magnetic anisotropy with the easy magnetization direction of the c-axis is observed. Four anomalies appear in the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility along the c-axis;a cusp at TN=52 K, a high peak at T3=38 K, a shoulder at T2=33 K and a small peak at T1=4K are observed, indicating magnetic transitions. The specific heat also shows four anomalies atthe temperatures where the magnetic anomalies appear, confirming the occurrence of successivemagnetic transitions. A clear two-step metamagnetic process appears along the easy magnetizationdirection of the c-axis at low temperatures. The magnetization in the first step is almost constantand is corresponds to (1/5) Ms (Ms: saturation magnetization), indicating that this field-inducedphase has a long period and a stable magnetic structure. A metamagnetic process is hypothesizedon the basis of the magnetic structure. The B001 − T phase diagram is constructed.