МОНГОЛЧУУДЫН ЦАГ УЛИРЛЫН “ЕСӨН ЕСИЙН ТООЛОЛ”-ЫН ТУХАЙ

Alimaa Ayushjav 한국몽골학회 2022 몽골학 Vol.- No.70

Since ancient times, Mongolian herders calculated the weather risk by observing the constellations, saving their animals and managing their migrations. For example, observing the state of the moon, especially the new moon in the first month of spring, the moon in the sky and the appearance of 6 constellations in the sky would determine the weather of the coming season. The arrival of cold weather was marked by the appearance of the constellation Pleiades. When it disappeared from the sky, the warm season officially began. In doing so, they governed their lives by observing the climatic conditions of the seasons repeated each year. One such observation is the method of calculating the winter season by dividing it into 9 days by 81 days. According to Mongolian astrology, the winter season, Yusun yus, has 81 days. This is called the Counting of Nines. In other words, Mongolians count off this 81 days 9 times for nine days, and after that they meet spring. That is, from the date of the winter solstice, or from December 22, every nine days counts as "one" nine. For example, from December 22 to December 31 is the first "nine." Basically, this is a way of determining the coldness of winter. On the winter solstice and is divided into three parts-nyalh gurav, idar gurav, hogshin gurav, which correspond to the main periods of human life-baby, young and old, each of which is divided into another three parts and denotes-three infants, three young and three old people. Therefore, it is possible to determine that each also corresponds to a certain period of human life. And each such period has its own expressions in oral poetry. These oral poetic expressions, which are easy for anyone to remember, express the intensity and waning cold in harmony with changes in nature, climate, and human life. For example, In the first nine, nermel archi-Mongolian milk vodka will be frozen. In the second nine, chorz archi-Mongolian milk vodka with a higher degree will be frozen. In the third nine-horns of a three-year-old bull will be frozen and broken. In the fourth nine-the horns of a 4-year-old bull will be frozen and broken. In the fifth nine-boiled rice will not be frozen, that is, spring is near. In the sixth nine-clear roads appear, meaning snow is melting. In the seventh nine-the tops of the hills are thawing. In the eighth nine-"nyal shal bolno"-"thawing" occurs. In the ninth nine-the usual warmth comes. "Yusun yus" (nine) have many variations, and the traditional form to some extent reflects local and ethnic characteristics. But in the new time poems, composed with fun and humor, are not only a sample of modern folklore, but also a reflection of the direction of social criticism. The article also examined and compared the calendar divisions of the 24 minor seasons of Korea and the Mongols. For example, Koreans already had a seasonal agricultural calendar during the Three Kingdoms period where the year was divided not only into four seasons but also into 24 seasons (isbsa cholgi). This number of seasons was based on observing the position of the Sun on the ecliptic. It is interesting that some names of small seasons coincide in Mongols and Koreans such as white dew and frost fall from the beginning of September (khanno, sangangan), frost come-small and big cold (sohan, tehan), and also winter characteristics such as winter solstice (December 22), a weak cold snap (January 6) and a strong cold snap (January 21). Such agricultural seasonal calendars of the four-seasonal countries of Asia, each with its own unique account. And the Mongols had a yearly (lunar) small seasons calendar associated with the seasons of the economic year of the nomadic cattleman. The origins of the agricultural calendar of Koreans and Mongols go back to antiquity.

HBV : Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis B, C and D Viruses among Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases of Mongolia

( Oidov Baatarkhuu ),( N Tuvshinjargal ),( T Alimaa ),( B Tsatsralt Od ),( J Amarsanaa ),( H Okamoto ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background/aims: Mongolia is known for its high endemicity for HBV, HCV, and HDV infections among apparently healthy populations. However there are little or no data on the prevalence and genotype distribution of HBV, HCV and HDV among patients with chronic liver diseases in Mongolia. Materials and methods: Serum samples obtained in 2009 from 207 patients (51.0±1.9 years) including those chronic hepatitis (n=90), liver cirrhosis (n=41), and HCC (n=76) were tested for serological and molecular markers of HBV, HCV, and HDV infections. Results: Of the 207 patients, 144 (69.6%), 106 (51.2%), and 117 (56.5%) tested positive for HBsAg and HBV DNA , HCV RNA, and HDV RNA, respectively. Collectively, 172 patients (83.1%) were viremic for one or more of these viruses, including dual viremia of HBV/HDV (26.6%) or HBV/HCV (7.7%) and triple HBV/HCV/HDV viremia (30.0%). Of note, triple ongoing infection was significantly more frequent among patients with HCC than among those with chronic hepatitis (63.2%) vs. 14.4%, P≤0.0001). The distribution of HBV genotypes among the 116 HBV-viremic patients was: A (0.9%), B (0.9%), C (6.0%), D (88.8%), and C plus D(3.4%). All 117 HDV isolates were classified into genotype 1. The 106 HCV RNA positive samples were typed as genotype 1b (92.5%). Conclusions: The present study revealed that ongoing dual or triple infection of HBV, HCV and HDV is highly prevalent among patients with chronic liver diseases of Mongolia.

Purification and Characterization of Mongolian Mare Lactoferrin

김기성,Ji-Sun Kim,신미순,Hae-Won Noh,임상동,Duvjir Suvd,J. Alimaa 한국축산식품학회 2009 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The lactoferrin from mongolian mare colostrum has been purified by gel filtration (Sephadex G-100), affinity chromatography (Toyopearl-AF-Heparin-650M) in two steps. Mare lactoferrin-containing fractions were identified in the first peak among 3 peaks on Sephadex G-100 as first step, and purified lactoferrin was eluted with a step gradient of 0.5 M NaCl as a 3 step (gradient 0.1, 0.3, 0.5M). Eluted fractions were analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE, and showed a single protein. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 82 kDa. N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as APRKSVRWCTISPAEXAKXA. The lactoferrin from mongolian mare colostrum has been purified by gel filtration (Sephadex G-100), affinity chromatography (Toyopearl-AF-Heparin-650M) in two steps. Mare lactoferrin-containing fractions were identified in the first peak among 3 peaks on Sephadex G-100 as first step, and purified lactoferrin was eluted with a step gradient of 0.5 M NaCl as a 3 step (gradient 0.1, 0.3, 0.5M). Eluted fractions were analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE, and showed a single protein. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 82 kDa. N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as APRKSVRWCTISPAEXAKXA.

Purification and Characterization of Mongolian Mare Lactoferrin

Kim, Kee-Sung,Kim, Ji-Sun,Shin, Mi-Soon,Noh, Hae-Won,Lim, Sang-Dong,Suvd, Duvjir,Alimaa, J. Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2009 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The lactoferrin from mongolian mare colostrum has been purified by gel filtration (Sephadex G-100), affinity chromatography (Toyopear1-AF-Heparin-650M) in two steps. Mare lactoferrin-containing fractions were identified in the first peak among 3 peaks on Sephadex G-100 as first step, and purified lactoferrin was eluted with a step gradient of 0.5M NaCl as a 3 step (gradient 0.1,0.3, 0.5M). Eluted fractions were analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE, and showed a single protein. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 82kDa. N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as APRKSVRWCTISPAEXAKXA.