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ML 기법에 기반을 둔 측정치 융합기법을 가진 다중표적 방위각 추적 알고리즘
류창수(Chang-Soo Ryu),박주태(Ju-Tae Park),최성운(Sung-Un Choi) 한국산업융합학회 2003 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.6 No.3
Recently, Ryu et al. proposed a multiple target DOA tracking algorithm, which has good features that it has no data association problem and simple structure. But its performance is seriously degraded in the low signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, a measurement fusion method is presented based on ML(Maximum Likelihood), and the new DOA tracking algorithm is proposed by incorporating the presented fusion method into Ryu's algorithm. The proposed algorithm has a better tracking performance than that of Ryu's algorithm, and it sustains the good features of Ryu's algorithm.
Ryu, Je-Kyung,Kim, Soo Jin,Rah, Sang-Hyun,Kang, Ji In,Jung, Hi Eun,Lee, Dongsun,Lee, Heung Kyu,Lee, Jie-Oh,Park, Beom Seok,Yoon, Tae-Young,Kim, Ho Min Elsevier 2017 Immunity Vol.46 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, binds Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-MD2 complex and activates innate immune responses. LPS transfer to TLR4-MD2 is catalyzed by both LPS binding protein (LBP) and CD14. To define the sequential molecular interactions underlying this transfer, we reconstituted in vitro the entire LPS transfer process from LPS micelles to TLR4-MD2. Using electron microscopy and single-molecule approaches, we characterized the dynamic intermediate complexes for LPS transfer: LBP-LPS micelles, CD14-LBP-LPS micelle, and CD14-LPS-TLR4-MD2 complex. A single LBP molecule bound longitudinally to LPS micelles catalyzed multi-rounds of LPS transfer to CD14s that rapidly dissociated from LPB-LPS complex upon LPS transfer via electrostatic interactions. Subsequently, the single LPS molecule bound to CD14 was transferred to TLR4-MD2 in a TLR4-dependent manner. The definition of the structural determinants of the LPS transfer cascade to TLR4 may enable the development of targeted therapeutics for intervention in LPS-induced sepsis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Observation of dynamic intermediated formed during LPS transfer by TEM </LI> <LI> Reconstitution of the entire LPS transfer cascade to TLR4-MD2 on TIRF microscopy </LI> <LI> Identification of key charged residues in LBP and CD14 for dynamic LPS transfer </LI> <LI> CD14-LPS complex interact with TLR4 LRR13-LRR15 domain for LPS transfer to MD2 </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Sung-Hee Han,Young-Ho Yang,Jae-Song Ryu,Myung-Soo Kang,Young-Jin Kim,Kyoung-Ryul Lee 대한의학유전학회 2015 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.12 No.2
Purpose: Noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) by massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma marks a significant advancement in prenatal screening, minimizing the need for invasive testing of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies. Here, we report the initial clinical performance of NIPT in Korean pregnant women. Materials and Methods: MPS-based NIPT was performed on 910 cases; 5 mL blood samples were collected and sequenced in the Shenzhen BGI Genomic Laboratory to identify aneuploidies. The risk of fetal aneuploidy was determined by L-score and t-score, and classified as high or low. The NIPT results were validated by karyotyping for the high-risk cases and neonatal follow-up for low-risk cases. Results: NIPT was mainly requested for two clinical indications: abnormal biochemical serum-screening result (54.3%) and advanced maternal age (31.4%). Among 494 cases with abnormal biochemical serum-screening results, NIPT detected only 9 (1.8%) high-risk cases. Sixteen cases (1.8%) of 910 had a high risk for aneuploidy: 8 for trisomy 21, 2 for trisomy 18, 1 for trisomy 13, and 5 for sex chromosome abnormalities. Amniocentesis was performed for 7 of these cases (43.8%). In the karyotyping and neonatal data, no false positive or negative results were observed in our study. Conclusion: MPS-based NIPT detects fetal chromosomal aneuploidies with high accuracy. Introduction of NIPT as into clinical settings could prevent about 98% of unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.
Adenine base editing in mouse embryos and an adult mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Ryu, Seuk-Min,Koo, Taeyoung,Kim, Kyoungmi,Lim, Kayeong,Baek, Gayoung,Kim, Sang-Tae,Kim, Heon Seok,Kim, Da-eun,Lee, Hyunji,Chung, Eugene,Kim, Jin-Soo Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2018 Nature biotechnology Vol.36 No.6
<P>Adenine base editors (ABEs) composed of an engineered adenine deaminase and the Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 nickase enable adenine-to-guanine (A-to-G) single-nucleotide substitutions in a guide RNA (gRNA)-dependent manner. Here we demonstrate application of this technology in mouse embryos and adult mice. We also show that long gRNAs enable adenine editing at positions one or two bases upstream of the window that is accessible with standard single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). We introduced the Himalayan point mutation in the Tyr gene by microinjecting ABE mRNA and an extended gRNA into mouse embryos, obtaining Tyr mutant mice with an albino phenotype. Furthermore, we delivered the split ABE gene, using trans-splicing adenoassociated viral vectors, to muscle cells in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy to correct a nonsense mutation in the Dmd gene, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of base editing in adult animals.</P>
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Addition of Anilines to β-Nitrostilbenes in Acetonitrile
Sung, Dae-Dong,Kang, Sang-Soo,Lee, Jong-Pal,Jung, Dae-Il,Ryu, Zoon-Ha,Lee, Ik-Choon Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.10
Addition reactions of anilines (XC6H4NH2) to β-nitrostilbene (YC6H4CH=C(NO2)C6H4Y') have been investigated in acetonitrile at 30.0 oC. The magnitude of βX values (=0.11-0.34) indicates relatively earlier transition state for additions with anilines than with benzylamines. The signs of ρY and ρY' are positive with Δρ = ρY?ρY' = 0.04, demonstrating a TS imbalance with a negative charge development on the Cβ in the TS. The signs of cross-interaction constants ρXY (<0), ρXY' (<0) and ρYY' (>0) are consistent with bond forming and breaking processes. The relatively weak normal kinetic isotope effects involving deutarated nucleophiles, kH/kD>1, suggest an early, hydrogen-bonded, 4-member cyclic TS.
Ryu, Ju Hee,Lee, Aeju,Chu, Jun‐,Uk,Koo, Heebeom,Ko, Chang‐,Yong,Kim, Han Sung,Yoon, Soo‐,Young,Kim, Byung‐,Soo,Choi, Kuiwon,Kwon, Ick Chan,Kim, Kwangmeyung,Youn, Inchan Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Vol.63 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Early treatment based on an early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could halt progression of the disease, but early diagnosis is often difficult. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3) is thought to be particularly important in the pathogenesis of RA. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an MMP‐3–specific polymeric probe could be used for early diagnosis and for visualizing the progression of arthritis, using a near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging system.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The MMP‐3–specific polymeric probe was developed by conjugating NIRF dye, MMP substrate peptide, and dark quencher to self‐assembled chitosan nanoparticles. One hour after intravenous administration of the probe, fluorescent images of mice with collagen‐induced arthritis at different stages of disease development were obtained. The correlation between the fluorescence recovered in in vivo imaging when using an MMP‐3–specific polymeric probe and up‐regulated MMP‐3 activity in the joint tissues was evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Histologic analysis and micro–computed tomography (micro‐CT) were also used to assess arthritis progression.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A significantly higher NIRF signal was recovered from arthritic joints compared with normal joints at 14 days after the first immunization, before any erythema or swelling could be observed with the naked eye or any erosion was detected by histologic analysis or micro‐CT. The results of immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting confirmed that the fluorescence recovered in the in vivo imaging was related to up‐regulated MMP‐3 activity in the joint tissues.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>An MMP‐3–specific polymeric probe provided clear early diagnosis of arthritis and visualization of arthritis progression using an NIRF imaging system. This approach could be used for early diagnosis and for monitoring drug and surgical therapies in individual cases.</P>
Abnormal high-Q modes of coupled stadium-shaped microcavities.
Ryu, Jung-Wan,Lee, Soo-Young,Kim, Inbo,Choi, Muhan,Hentschel, Martina,Kim, Sang Wook Optical Society of America 2014 Optics letters Vol.39 No.14
<P>It is well known that the strongly deformed microcavity with fully chaotic ray dynamics cannot support high-Q modes due to its fast chaotic diffusion to the critical line of refractive emission. Here, we investigate how the Q factor is modified when two chaotic cavities are coupled, and show that some modes, whose Q factor is about 10 times higher than that of the corresponding single cavity, can exist. These abnormal high-Q modes are the result of an optimal combination of coupling and cavity geometry. As an example, in the coupled stadium-shaped microcavities, the mode pattern extends over both cavities such that it follows a whispering-gallery-type mode at both ends, whereas a big coupling spot forms at the closest contact of the two microcavities. The pattern of such a 'rounded bow tie' mode allows the mode to have a high-Q factor. This mode pattern minimizes the leakage of light at both ends of the microcavities as the pattern at both ends is similar to the whispering gallery mode.</P>