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장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
박태훈(Park Tae-Hoon),유기성(Yoo Ki-Seong),유원용(Ryu Won-Yong),김영욱(Kim Young-Wook),이양구(Lee Yang-Gu),공창빈(Kong Chang-Bin),이상호(Lee Sang-Ho),김태영(Kim Tae-Young) 한국체육과학회 2010 한국체육과학회지 Vol.19 No.3
This research examines whether difference that is some in inclination of combat sports player's sportsmanship is, and accordingly is purposeful to clear relation. combat sports (fencing, Taekwondo, boxing, induction, wrestling, wrestling) player who research target is having player life in middle·high·an university 399 people be . Used Korean-made measure (KMSOS) that Seong-changhun (2003) verifies changing based on Vallerand MSOS by a tool to measure sportsmanship of players. Data processing used SPSS 12.0 programs. Did reliability analysis that use Cronbach'a coefficient to verify believability of an irradiation tool, Difference of sportsmanship used t-test, one-way ANOVA. In this research, drew following conclusion. First, man appeared higher level than woman in wave and human desire, decision respect, and woman appeared higher level than man in victory or defeat excessive fondness. Second, exercise immersion, decision respect, victory or defeat excessive fondness appeared level that minority is taller than majority. Third, in exercise immersion high school player decision respect appear, and tendency of level that middle school playing the first stone is high in victory or defeat excessive fondness appeared. Fourth, striking radical type of player appeared higher level than Geuraepeulring type of player in companion respect factor. Fifth, player less than exercise career 4 years appeared higher level than player less than 7 years and player more than 7 years for victory or defeat excessive fondness factor. Sixth, Taekwondo for best and companion respect factor, high level appeared to boxing item players.
Design and Fabrication of Miniaturized Optical Chopper Operated by Electromagnetic Actuation
( Ho Won Kim ),( Seong Ki Min ),( Young Chan Choi ),( Seong Ho Kong ) 한국센서학회 2014 센서학회지 Vol.23 No.3
An existing infrared (IR) analysis system is generally composed of infrared source, IR focusing lenses, IR detector, and optical chopper. An optical chopper is widely used in combination with lock-in amplifier to improve the signal-to-noise ratio by periodically interrupting incident light beam. During recent years, a few researches on miniaturized optical chopper have been reported to apply to microscaled optical systems. In this paper, a micro optical chopper operated by electromagnetic actuation is proposed and applied to a miniaturized micro-scaled optical system operating in IR spectral range. Additionally, the fabrication method of the proposed micro chopper is demonstrated. The proposed micro optical chopper is composed of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, solenoid, and permanent magnet. The permanent magnet is bonded on the PDMS membrane using an ultraviolet-activated adhesive. The operation of the chopper is based on the attractive and repulsive forces between permanent magnet and solenoid induced by an electrical current flowing through the solenoid. The fabricated micro optical chopper could operate up to 200 Hz of frequency. The maximum operating distance of the chopper with 7mm diameter membrane was 750 μm at 100 Hz of frequency.
Kong, Seong-Ho,Lee, Hyuk-Joon,Ahn, Hye Seong,Kim, Jong-Won,Kim, Woo Ho,Lee, Kuhn Uk,Yang, Han-Kwang Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2012 Annals of surgery Vol.255 No.1
OBJECTIVE:: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the number of examined lymph nodes (NexLN) and survival in gastric cancer and to determine whether the metastatic/examined lymph node ratio (LN ratio) system can compensate for the shortcomings of the UICC/AJCC staging. METHODS:: Prospective data of 8949 primary T1-T4a gastric cancer patients who underwent curative surgery were reviewed. The patients were stratified by T-stage and grouped according to NexLN; 1 to 14 exLN denoted the first group and every subsequent 10 LNs thereafter. Numbers of LN and 5-year survival rates were analyzed according to NexLN. “The NR-staging system” was generated using 0.2 and 0.5 as the cut-off values of LN ratio and then compared with UICC/AJCC stages. RESULTS:: The proportion of advanced N-stage increased with NexLN. Survival and the LN ratio were constant regardless of NexLN when combining all N0-N3b patients, however, T2/3 and T4a patients showed an increasing tendency toward survival in N1/2 and N3a as NexLN increased, mainly due to a stage migration effect. The LN ratio system showed better patterns of distribution of the LN stage and survival graph. The power of the differential staging of the LN ratio system was fortified with higher NexLN. CONCLUSION:: The relationship between NexLN and survival is probably affected by stage migration in a high-volume gastric cancer center. The LN ratio system could be a better option to compensate for this effect, and the value of the prognosis prediction in this system increases with a higher NexLN.