Market in Medical Devices of Blockchain-Based IoT and Recent Cyberattacks

Shih-Shuan WANG(Shih-Shuan WANG),Hung-Pu (Hong-fu) CHOU(Hung-Pu (Hong-fu) CHOU),Aleksander IŻEMSKI(Aleksander IŻEMSKI ),Alexandru DINU(Alexandru DINU ),Eugen-Silviu VRĂJITORU(Eugen-Silviu VRĂJITORU ) 한국인공지능학회 2023 인공지능연구 (KJAI) Vol.11 No.2

The creativity of thesis is that the significance of cyber security challenges in blockchain. The variety of enterprises, including those in the medical market, are the targets of cyberattacks. Hospitals and clinics are only two examples of medical facilities that are easy targets for cybercriminals, along with IoT-based medical devices like pacemakers. Cyberattacks in the medical field not only put patients' lives in danger but also have the potential to expose private and sensitive information. Reviewing and looking at the present and historical flaws and vulnerabilities in the blockchain-based IoT and medical institutions' equipment is crucial as they are sensitive, relevant, and of a medical character. This study aims to investigate recent and current weaknesses in medical equipment, of blockchain-based IoT, and institutions. Medical security systems are becoming increasingly crucial in blockchain-based IoT medical devices and digital adoption more broadly. It is gaining importance as a standalone medical device. Currently the use of software in medical market is growing exponentially and many countries have already set guidelines for quality control. The achievements of the thesis are medical equipment of blockchain-based IoT no longer exist in a vacuum, thanks to technical improvements and the emergence of electronic health records (EHRs). Increased EHR use among providers, as well as the demand for integration and connection technologies to improve clinical workflow, patient care solutions, and overall hospital operations, will fuel significant growth in the blockchain-based IoT market for linked medical devices. The need for blockchain technology and IoT-based medical device to enhance their health IT infrastructure and design and development techniques will only get louder in the future. Blockchain technology will be essential in the future of cybersecurity, because blockchain technology can be significantly improved with the cybersecurity adoption of IoT devices, i.e., via remote monitoring, reducing waiting time for emergency rooms, track assets, etc. This paper sheds the light on the benefits of the blockchain-based IoT market.

Characterization and mechanism analysis of penicillin G biodegradation with Klebsiella pneumoniae Z1 isolated from waste penicillin bacterial residue

Pu Wang,Huiling Liu,Huan Fu,Xiuwen Cheng,Bing Wang,Qinghua Cheng,Jian Zhang,Pan Zou 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.27 No.-

In this study, a strain Z-1 has been isolated from penicillin bacterial residue. The physicochemicalproperties and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the strain were characterized by atomic forcemicroscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 16SrDNA, indicating the strain belongsto genus Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, the biodegradation process of PENG was investigated with99.99% degradation efficiency. Afterwards, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS/MS analysis were performed to identify its degradation products. Moreover, the possible mechanism wasproposed and confirmed in detail. These results suggest Klebsiella pneumoniae Z1 become a promisingalternative for improving penicillin removal from environment

Upregulation of long non-coding RNA XIST has anticancer effects on epithelial ovarian cancer cells through inverse downregulation of hsa-miR-214-3p

Changhong Wang,Shan Qi,Cheng Xie,Chunfu Li,Pu Wang,Dongmei Liu 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.6

Objective: The present study is to evaluate the biological functions of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), X-inactive specific transcript, X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: XIST was upregulated in EOC cell lines, CAOV3 and OVCAR3 cells by lentiviral transduction. The effects of XIST overexpression on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, chemosensitivity and in vivo tumor growth were investigated, respectively. Possible sponging interaction between XIST and human microRNA hsa-miR-214-3p was further evaluated. Furthermore, hsa-miR-214-3p was overexpressed in XIST-upregulated CAOV3 and OVCAR3 cells to evaluate its effect on XIST-mediated EOC regulation. Results: Lentivirus-mediated XIST upregulation had significant anticancer effects in CAOV3 and OVCAR3 cells by suppressing cancer cell proliferation, invasion, increasing cisplatin chemosensitivity and inhibiting in vivo tumor growth. Hsa-miR-214-3p was confirmed to directly bind XIST, and inversely downregulated in XIST-upregulated EOC cells. In EOC cells with XIST upregulation, secondary lentiviral transduction successfully upregulated hsa-miR-214-3p expression. Subsequently, hsa-miR-214-3p upregulation functionally reversed the anticancer effects of XIST-upregulation in EOC. Conclusion: Upregulation of lncRNA XIST may suppress EOC development, possibly through sponging effect to induce hsa-miR-214-3p downregulation.

miR-638 is a new biomarker for outcome prediction of non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

Fang Wang,Jian-fang Lou,Yan Cao,Xin-hui Shi,Peng Wang,Jian Xu,Er-fu Xie,Ting Xu,Rui-hong Sun,Jianyu Rao,Pu-wen Huang,Shi-yang Pan,Hong Wang 생화학분자생물학회 2015 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.47 No.-

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, mediate gene expression by either cleaving target mRNAs or inhibiting their translation. They have key roles in the tumorigenesis of several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of miR-638 in the evaluation of NSCLC patient prognosis in response to chemotherapy. First, we detected miR-638 expression levels in vitro in the culture supernatants of the NSCLC cell line SPC-A1 treated with cisplatin, as well as the apoptosis rates of SPC-A1. Second, serum miR-638 expression levels were detected in vivo by using nude mice xenograft models bearing SPC-A1 with and without cisplatin treatment. In the clinic, the serum miR-638 levels of 200 cases of NSCLC patients before and after chemotherapy were determined by quantitative real-time PCR, and the associations of clinicopathological features with miR-638 expression patterns after chemotherapy were analyzed. Our data helped in demonstrating that cisplatin induced apoptosis of the SPC-A1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner accompanied by increased miR-638 expression levels in the culture supernatants. In vivo data further revealed that cisplatin induced miR-638 upregulation in the serum derived from mice xenograft models, and in NSCLC patient sera, miR-638 expression patterns after chemotherapy significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. Moreover, survival analyses revealed that patients who had increased miR-638 levels after chemotherapy showed significantly longer survival time than those who had decreased miR-638 levels. Our findings suggest that serum miR-638 levels are associated with the survival of NSCLC patients and may be considered a potential independent predictor for NSCLC prognosis.

Persistent Malfunction of Glymphatic and Meningeal Lymphatic Drainage in a Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Tinglin Pu,Wenyan Zou,Weixi Feng,Yanli Zhang,Linmei Wang,Hongxing Wang,Ming Xiao 한국뇌신경과학회 2019 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.28 No.1

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular event that often is followed by permanent brain impairments. It is necessary to explore the pathogenesis of secondary pathological damages in order to find effective interventions for improving the prognosis of SAH. Blockage of brain lymphatic drainage has been shown to worsen cerebral ischemia and edema after acute SAH. However, whether or not there is persistent dysfunction of cerebral lymphatic drainage following SAH remains unclear. In this study, autologous blood was injected into the cisterna magna of mice to establish SAH model. One week after surgery, SAH mice showed decreases in fluorescent tracer drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes (dcLNs) and influx into the brain parenchyma after injection into the cisterna magna. Moreover, SAH impaired polarization of astrocyte aquaporin-4 (AQP4) that is a functional marker of glymphatic clearance and resulted in accumulations of Tau proteins as well as CD3+ , CD4+ , and CD8+ cells in the brain. In addition, pathological changes, including microvascular spasm, activation of glial cells, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis were observed in the hippocampus of SAH mice. Present results demonstrate persistent malfunction of glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic drainage and related neuropathological damages after SAH. Targeting improvement of brain lymphatic clearance potentially serves as a new strategy for the treatment of SAH.

SLC39A10 promotes malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells by activating the CK2-mediated MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways

Ren Xiaojuan,Feng Chao,Wang Yubo,Chen Pu,Wang Simeng,Wang Jianling,Cao Hongxin,Li Yujun,Ji Meiju,Hou Peng 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Solute carrier family 39 member 10 (SLC39A10) belongs to a subfamily of zinc transporters and plays a key role in B-cell development. Previous studies have reported that its upregulation promotes breast cancer metastasis by enhancing the influx of zinc ions (Zn2+); however, its role in gastric cancer remains totally unclear. Here, we found that SLC39A10 expression was frequently increased in gastric adenocarcinomas and that SLC39A10 upregulation was strongly associated with poor patient outcomes; in addition, we identified SLC39A10 as a direct target of c-Myc. Functional studies showed that ectopic expression of SLC39A10 in gastric cancer cells dramatically enhanced the proliferation, colony formation, invasiveness abilities of these gastric cancer cells and tumorigenic potential in nude mice. Conversely, SLC39A10 knockdown inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. Mechanistically, SLC39A10 exerted its carcinogenic effects by increasing Zn2+ availability and subsequently enhancing the enzyme activity of CK2 (casein kinase 2). As a result, the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways, two major downstream effectors of CK2, were activated, while c-Myc, a downstream target of these two pathways, formed a vicious feedback loop with SLC39A10 to drive the malignant progression of gastric cancer. Taken together, our data demonstrate that SLC39A10 is a functional oncogene in gastric cancer and suggest that targeting CK2 is an alternative therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer patients with high SLC39A10 expression.

The formation of amyloid fibril-like hen egg-white lysozyme species induced by temperature and urea concentration-dependent denaturation

Steven S.-S. Wang,Ying-Tz Hung,Pu Wang,Josephine W. Wu 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.5

evidence has suggested that the formation of partially unfolded denatured intermediate serves asa crucial prerequisite for protein fibril formation/aggregation. Despite extensive exploration on amyloid fibril formation,the detailed molecular mechanism has remained largely unknown. Here, we examined the effects of urea on the dena-turation of hen egg-white lysozymes. Our results demonstrated that, in the solutions (pH 7.4) with 8 M urea at all tem-peratures and with 4 M urea at 45 or 55oC, the amyloid fibril-like species were first produced and then vanished whilesuch species were not observed under other conditions. In addition, SDS-PAGE results further indicated that largeraggregated species with less ordered structures were formed at the later stage of the urea-induced unfolding processmolecular mechanism(s) of protein denaturation.

MiR-421 Regulates Apoptosis of BGC-823 Gastric Cancer Cells by Targeting Caspase-3

Wu, Jian-Hong,Yao, Yong-Liang,Gu, Tao,Wang, Ze-You,Pu, Xiong-Yong,Sun, Wang-Wei,Zhang, Xian,Jiang, Yi-Biao,Wang, Jian-Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

MicroRNAs might act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in cancer. Recent studies have shown that miR-421 is up-regulated in human gastric cancer. Here, we found that miR-421 was over-expressed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the caspase-3 gene was a target of miR-421. Caspase-3 was negatively regulated by miR-421 at the post-transcriptional level. Bax and Bcl-2 were also regulated by miR-421. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor receptor-I and -II, death receptors in the apoptosis pathway, were up-regulated by miR-421. The over-expression of miR-421 promoted gastric cancer cell growth and inhibited apoptosis of the BGC-823 gastric cancer cell line. These observations indicate that miR-421 acts as a tumor promoter by targeting the caspase-3 gene and preventing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through inhibition of caspase-3 expression. These findings contribute to our understanding of the functions of miR-421 in gastric cancer.

Sliding Mode Predictive Active Fault-tolerant Control Method for Discrete Multi-faults System

Pu Yang,Zhangxi Liu,Dejie Li,Zhiqing Zhang,Zixin Wang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.3

For discrete systems with sensor and actuator failures, this paper proposes an observer that can estimate both sensor failures and actuator failures and designs a sliding mode predictive fault-tolerant control method based on an improved whale optimization algorithm. First, a proportional-integral observer that can observe actuator fault and sensor fault is designed to estimate the value of faults, which greatly improves the work efficiency. After that, a global sliding mode surface is designed as a prediction model, so that the initial state of the system is located on the sliding mode surface to avoid the instability of the sliding mode approaching the process. The reference trajectory of a power function with uncertainty and disturbance compensation is designed to reduce the bad influence of uncertainty and disturbance on the system and suppress chattering greatly. Meanwhile, in the rolling optimization part, an improved whale optimization algorithm(IWOA) is designed to optimize the control law. Finally, the simulation results on the four-rotor helicopter simulation platform show the practicability and superiority of the algorithm.

Synthesis, Characterization and Property Studies on a Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex with Dipyridine Derivate and Acetylacetone

Pu Su Zhao,Zhi Yan Guo,Jing Sui,Jing Wang,Fang Fang Jian 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1

A dinuclear copper(II) complex of [Cu_2(aceace)4(dipyph)] [aceace = acetylacetone, dipyph = 1,4-di(4-pyridylethene-2-yl-)benzene] has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, with lattice parameters a = 7.9584(16) Å, b =18.594(4) Å, c = 15.063(4) Å, β = 120.97(2)^o and Mr = 807.85 (C_40H_44Cu_2N_2O_8), Z = 2. Each of the Cu^2+ ion adopts a square pyramid geometry and coordinates with four oxygen atoms from two aceace ligands and one nitrogen atom from dipyph bidentate ligand. Magnetic measurement shows that the Weiss constant and Curie constant for the title compound are ‒0.22 K and 0.1154 emu·K/mol, respectively. Thermal stability data indicate that the title complex undergoes two steps decomposition and the residue is Cu_2O_4. In the potential range of ‒1.5 ~ 0.8 V, the title complex represents an irreversible electrochemical process.