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유철,김종태,허남윤,김동섭,백무열 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1
유과 제조 시 제조 시간을 단축할 수 있는 소재를 개발하기 위하여 찹쌀 전분을 4가지 상업용 α-amylase 효소와 반응시켜 효소처리 찹쌀 전분을 제조하고 이들의 이화학적 특성을 연구하였다. 효소처리 찹쌀 전분의 팽윤력 및 용해도는 일반 찹쌀 전분에 비해 많이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 등온흡습곡선에서는 효소처리에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. RVA특성을 검토한 결과 최대 점도, holding strength, final viscosity, break down, setback은 일반 찹쌀 전분보다 낮아지는 결과를 나타냈다. 열적특성에서는 아밀로펙틴 용해 개시온도, 아밀로펙틴 용해 종결온도 그리고 아밀로펙틴 용해 온도범위(△T)는 각 전분간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으며 아밀로펙틴 용해 엔탈피 역시 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. X-ray 회절 분석 결과로 볼 때, 효소처리 찹쌀 전분 및 일반 찹쌀 전분 모두 A형의 결정 형태를 나타내었고, 상대적 결정화도의 차이가 나타나지 않는 것으로 보아 효소처리가 찹쌀 전분의 결정형영역에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 보여진다. 효소처리 찹쌀 전분을 사용하여 제조한 유과의 경우 과도한 점도손실에 의해 반죽을 제조하지 못하여 본 연구에서 사용한 효소치리 정도가 부적합한 것으로 판단되었다. Physicochemical properties of partially hydrolyzed waxy rice starches with various α-amylases were investigated to reduce processing-time of yukwa (Korean traditional puffed rice snack). Four commercial α-amylases (Fungamyl, Termamyl, Liquozyme, Kleis tase) were used in this work. Waxy rice starches (20% solid content) were treated with same unit of four α-amylases at 40℃ and pH 6.0 for 1 hour. Partially hydrolyzed waxy rice starches showed higher swelling power and solubility than native waxy rice starch. Pasting temperature and peak viscosity of partially hydrolyzed waxy rice starches were lower than those of native starch. DSC thermal transitions of partially hydrolyzed waxy rice starches shifted to higher temperature than native waxy rice starch possibly due to hydrolysis of amorphous region and some double helical structure. X-ray diffraction patterns of both native and partially hydrolyzed waxy rice starches were typical A-type pattern indicating that alpha-amylase cannot disrupt the crystalline structure in this condition.
The FRTU-Based Fault-Zone Isolation Method in the Distribution Systems
Yun-Seok Ko,Tae-Ku Kang,Hak-Yeol Park,Ho-Yong Kim,Hyo-Seong Nam IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on power delivery Vol.25 No.2
<P>In this paper, an intelligent feeder remote terminal unit (FRTU)-based operation and control strategy is proposed, which can improve the accuracy and quickness of the fault-zone determination and isolation from such problems as general fault, high impedance fault (HIF) and in-rush current (IRC) in the distribution system, including overhead and underground feeders. In the proposed method, each FRTU inferring the fault or inrush current determines whether its feeder is a fault or not, and whether its sink zone is a fault zone or not, by exchanging fault information (such as current value, voltage value, current direction) with the other FRTUs on the feeders under the ubiquitous-based distribution system that enables the FRTUs to be connected freely to the network. In order to explain the effectiveness of the proposed method, several cases are simulated for typical distribution using the developed simulator.</P>
Attachment distribution of pectoral muscle origins identified in dual-plane breast implant insertion
Nam, Su Bong,Song, Kyung Ho,Seo, Jung Yeol,Choi, June Seok,Park, Tae Seo,Lee, Jae Woo,Kim, Ju Hyung,Kim, Min Wook,Kim, Hyun Yeol,Jung, Yun Ju,Kim, Choongrak Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2020 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.47 No.2
Background Implant-based dual-plane augmentation mammoplasty requires accurate separation of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) at its origins. The authors identified the PMM origins during breast reconstruction surgery with the goal of providing additional information on subpectoral implant insertion for reconstructive or aesthetic purposes. Methods This study was conducted on 67 patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery at the breast center of our hospital between November 2016 and June 2018. In total, 34 left and 39 right hemithoraces were examined. The left and right hemithoraces were each divided into 15 zones to determine the percentage of PMM attachments in each zone. The distribution of PMM origins in each zone was examined to identify any statistically significant differences. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the origins of the PMM between the right and left hemithoraces. The percentage of attachments increased moving from the fourth to the sixth rib and from the lateral to the medial aspect. Conclusions The anatomical findings of this study could be used as a reference for accurate dissection of the origins of the PMM for the preparation of the subpectoral pocket for subpectoral implant placement.