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Anti-adipogenic Effect and Mechanism in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Cyclosporin A, an Immunosuppressant
이태윤,박유경,장병철 계명대학교 자연과학연구소 2018 Quantitative Bio-Science Vol.37 No.1
Adipogenesis, also called the differentiation of preadipocytes, leads to the phenotype of mature adipocytes. However, excessive adipogenesis is closely linked to the development of obesity. Cyclosporin A, a neutral lipophilic cyclic undecapeptide isolated from the fungus Hypocladium inflatum gams, is known for several biological activities, including immunosuppression and anti-inflammation. Little is known about the relationship between cyclosporin A and obesity. In this study, we investigated the effect of cyclosporin A on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation was evaluated by Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay. The expression and phosphorylation levels of adipogenesis-related proteins in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells were evaluated by Western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related proteins in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells were measured by RT-PCR. Cyclosporin A considerably inhibited lipid accumulation and reduced triglyceride (TG) contents during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting its anti-adipogenic effect. Treatment with cyclosporin A at the concentrations tested was not cytotoxic to 3T3-L1 cells. Mechanistically, at a 10 μM concentration, cyclosporin A strongly down-regulated the protein and mRNA expressions of two adipogenic transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, at a 10 μM concentration, cyclosporin A reduced the phosphorylation levels of signal transducers and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), other adipogenic transcription factor, and suppressed the protein and mRNA expressions of perilipin A, a protein that binds to and stabilizes lipid droplets, in differentiating 3T3- L1 cells. However, treatment with 10 μM of cyclosporin A did not modulate the protein and mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Collectively, these results show that cyclosporin A inhibits adipogenesis in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, and that this inhibition is mediated through the reduced expression and phosphorylation levels of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, perilipin A, and STAT-3.
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이태윤,최천식,주문배 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.10
Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma are rare disease and the cause of bleeding in epidural hematoma remains unknown in most of the cause. The most frequently identifed risk factor is coagulopathy or treatment with anticoagulants. Recently, authers experienced 1 case of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma at thoracic location. Laboratory examination showed no evidence of coagulopathy and hepatic disease. The patient had good surgical outcome after emergent decompressive laminectomy.
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이태윤 대한췌장담도학회(구 대한췌담도학회) 2021 대한췌담도학회지 Vol.26 No.2
내시경역행담췌관조영술(ERCP)은 다양한 췌장 담도 질환을 가진 환자의 진단 및 치료에 있어 표준이 되고 있다. 치료 ERCP 시술이 점차 복잡해짐에 따라 그 요구에 맞추어 ERCP 부속기구는 발전하고 있다. 선택 삽관부터 내시경 괄약근 절개술/풍선확장술, 풍선 혹은 바스켓을 이용한 담관담석 제거에 이르기까지 다양한 ERCP 부속기구가 필요하고 최적의 환자 치료와 안전을 위해서는 이에 대한 정확한 지식과 올바른 사용이 필수적이다. 본고에서는 진단과 치료 ERCP에 필요한 최신의 ERCP 부속기구에 대해 다루고자 한다. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) became the standard method of choice for the management of patients with a variety of benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary disorders. A growing range of ERCP accessories has been developed to support the increasing demands and complexity of therapeutic ERCP. Various accessories are needed from selective cannulation to the removal of bile duct stones which involves endoscopic sphincterotomy or endoscopic papillary (large) balloon dilation with a balloon or basket-assisted stone extraction. Detailed knowledge and correct usage of accessories are essential to ensure optimal patient care and safety. This review describes current accessories that are available to use during diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP.
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이태윤,김경미,김신원 한국기초조형학회 2018 기초조형학연구 Vol.19 No.1
Over the past 30 years, public toilet facilities have developed rapidly in both qualitative and quantitative terms. This study shows how public toilet services have been changed by transforming cognition and how they reflect related improvement requirements through the analysis of case studies. The target areas were selected for their selective purpose of installing a public toilet located in Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. The study selected eleven public children's parks and analyzed them, comparing the periodic change as well as its legislation adopted from 1990 to 2000. In the 1990s, the public toilets were not equipped with what they had to be because of the changing laws and perceptions regarding public toilets. Public toilets installed in 1993 and 1996 were designed with a uniform appearance of toilets, and access door directions without the user's privacy show a lack of anti-crime designs. In the 2000s, the law on public toilets was revised and the law on crime prevention design was introduced. In addition, the recognition of public toilets has been changed with environmentally friendly elements incorporated to public toilets. Through the analysis framework consists of public design guidelines in Suwon, CPTED design in Park Design Guideline and environmental component for toilets, the public toilets in Suwon indicates what required crime-prevention design and environmentally friendly planning. A survey for analysis of user behavior and a study for a complex design taking into consideration users, vision, materials, colors, and circulation can be used to extract design elements for guidelines. This will require more detailed research into public toilets and guideline for public toilets, which are not only aesthetic but also functionally feasible. 지난 30여 년간 우리나라 공중화장실 시설은 질적, 양적으로 급격히 발전하였다. 본 연구는 변하는 화장실 인식에 맞도록 공중화장실이 변화되고 있는지 또한 개선 사항들을 잘 반영하고 있는지를 확인하기 위해 수원시 권선구 권선동 어린이공원 중 공중화장실 11개소를 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. 11개소는 설치 년도에 따라 공중화장실에 적용된 법률을 통해 1990년대 화장실과 2000년대 화장실의 특징을 비교하였는데, 1990년대에는 공중화장실에 관한 법률과 인식이 변하는 시기였기 때문에 공중화장실로서 지녀야 할 요소가 부족한 실정이었다. 1993년과 1996년에 설치된 공중화장실은 화장실 외관이 획일화된 디자인으로 설계되었고, 이용자의 프라이버시를 고려하지 않은 출입문 방향은 범죄예방설계의 부족한 모습을 보여주고 있다. 2000년대는 공중화장실에 관한 법률이 개정되고, 범죄예방설계에 관한 법률이 도입되는 시기였다. 또한, 공중화장실에 친환경적 요소가 접목되는 시기인 만큼 공중화장실에 대한 인식이 변화되고 있는 모습을 보였다. 수원시 공공디자인 가이드라인과 공원 조성 가이드라인의 범죄예방 설계, 그리고 화장실에 적용 가능한 친환경적 요소로 구성된 분석틀을 통해 수원시 공중화장실은 범죄예방을 고려한 디자인과 친환경적 계획을 필요로 함을 알 수 있었다. 이용자 행태분석을 위한 설문조사와 이용자, 시각, 재료, 색채, 동선 등을 고려한 복합적 디자인을 위한 연구들을 참고하여 공중화장실 가이드라인을 위한 디자인 요소들을 추출할 수 있다. 이를 통해 공중화장실에 대한 더욱 자세한 연구와 미적으로 뿐만 아니라 기능적으로 합리적인, 모두를 위한 공중화장실 가이드라인이 필요할 것으로 요구된다.
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