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Muhammad Bilal,Shoaib FREED,Saleh MUHAMMAD,Muhammad Zubair ASHRAF,Muhammad Bismillah KHAN 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4
Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous insect of crops and vegetables, is acquiring resistance against many commercial insecticides. The present study shows variations in the activity of two detoxification enzymes, namely esterase and glutathione S‐transferase (GST), in H. armigera after exposure to different isolates of entomopathogenic fungi. After treatment of larvae with the different isolates (Day 0), samples were collected on three days (Days 3, 5 and 7) for enzyme analysis. High GST activity was found in samples of hemolymph, intestine and fat bodies of H. armigera following treatment with Beauveria bassiana (isolate Bb‐08), Metarhizium anisopliae (isolates Ma‐11.1 and Ma‐4.1), and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If‐02 and If‐2.3). High esterase activity was recorded in samples of the intestine and fat bodies on various days after treatment, whereas increased esterase activity in hemolymph was noted only in samples from Day 5 after treatment with M. anisopliae (Ma‐4.1). The detection of high GST and esterase activity demonstrates the possibility of the development of resistance against these microbial control agents in H. armigera.
Parametric Investigation of Metals (Au, Ag, Pt and Cu) Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
Muhammad Asif,Faiz Rasool,Zubair Butt,Muhammad Shahzad,Nouman Ahmad,Abdul Rehman Chishti 한국전기전자재료학회 2019 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.20 No.2
Metals especially gold, silver, platinum and copper are getting more attention for application in electronics fi eld due to their versatile properties. In this paper, we selected the materials after comparison on the basis of their signifi cant properties. Those properties are conductivity, physical properties, reactivity, cost and demand and supply. We investigate the conductivity of metals at various temperature values, their historically monthly prices along with their worldwide demand and supply. First, we compare their conductivity and resistivity for various values of temperature as well as by adding impurity into them. Secondly, we examined their responses when they are in contact with the atmosphere, their historically monthly prices, availability in the earth crust, and a brief discussion on the structure of these metals. These metals are widely used in electronics and jewelry because of their good conductivity, chemical stability and long lasting. We implemented the analytical hierarchy process for the parametric investigation of these metals which is a general theory of measurement. It has been used to derive ratio scales from both continuous and discrete paired comparison. This comparison is taken from actual measurement which refl ects the relative strength of preferences. The metals are also useful to design electrical stimulator with low-frequency current to regulate the blood of the human body. By using the stimulator at acupuncture points to pass through small electrical signal is useful to control blood fl ow in the human body as well as provides relief in pain.
Natural convection effects on heat and mass transfer of slip flow of time-dependent Prandtl fluid
Muhammad Hamid,Tamour Zubair,Muhammad Usman,Zafar Hayat Khan,Wei Wang 한국CDE학회 2019 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.6 No.4
We proposed a mathematical model for an incompressible, viscous, natural convection, and stagnation point slip flow of MHD Prandtl fluid over an infinite plate. The governing flow equations are constructed using the Prandtl rheological model. In account of physical relevance, we investigated the Soret and Dufour effects on the flow field. The complex natured flow equations are transformed to a set of PDEs using a suitable similarity variables. The non-dimensionalized ruling problem together with physical boundary conditions is numerically analyzed via Crank-Nicolson scheme. The velocity, temperature and concentration of the diffusing species distributions are enhanced for higher values of unsteadiness parameter. It is noted that velocity is slightly decreasing for higher values of Reynolds number while smaller values of Re providing more dominant effects on the velocity, temperature and concentration of the diffusing species profiles and enhanced heat and mass transfer rates is noticed. The physical behav-ior of reduced Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, friction factor, for distinct values of emerging parameters is examined and representative set of graphs are presented.
Mesorhizobium denitrificans sp. nov., a novel denitrifying bacterium isolated from sludge
Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi,Ngo Thi Phuong Thao,Gyumin Choi,Dae-Cheol Kim,YoungWooLee,Sang Young Kim,Ji-Hyang Wee,Wan-Taek Im 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.4
A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, facultative, rodshaped bacterium (designated LA-28T) was isolated from a sludge sample from a wastewater treatment plant in Hanam city, Republic of Korea. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain LA-28T clustered with species of the genus Mesorhizobium and appeared closely related to M. jarvisii LMG 28313T (96.8%), M. waimense ICMP 19557T (96.7%), and M. huakuii LMG 14107T (96.7%). Growth occurs at 18– 40°C on R2A medium in the presence of 1–4% NaCl (w/v) and at pH 6–8. The DNA G+C content was 61.2 mol%, and the predominant quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The major cellular fatty acids (> 5%) were C16:0, C19:0 ω8c cyclo, C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl, and C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8). Major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine (PME), and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Physiological and biochemical characteristics indicated that strain LA-28T represents a novel species of the genus Mesorhizobium, for which the name Mesorhizobium denitrificans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LA-28T (= KACC 19675T = LMG 30806T).
ACCURATE SOLUTION FOR SLIDING BURGER FLUID FLOW
Muhammad Zubair,Tasawar Hayat 한국전산응용수학회 2019 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.37 No.5
This article addresses the influence of partial slip condition in the hydromagnetic flow of Burgers fluid in a rotating frame of reference. The flows are induced by oscillation of a boundary. Two problems for oscillatory flows are considered. Exact solutions to the resulting boundary value problems are constructed. Analysis has been carried out in the presence of magnetic field. Physical interpretation is made through the plots for various embedded parameters.
Muhammad Imran KHAN,Muhammad Zubair KHAN,Jin Hyuk SHIN,Ye Won SHIM,Seong Whan CHO,Tia Sun SHIN,Min Yong KIM,Jong Deog KIM 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
In present study we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-bacterial activities of saponins from green tea seed. Green tea seeds were crude extract was prepared in 70% ethanol by continuous reflux in heating mantel for 5 hours. Green tea seeds saponins mixture contained various saponins were extracted from the crude ethanolic extract of green tea seed via column chromatography using macropourus resin (D101). Two fractions of saponins i.e., Fr1 and Fr2 our isolated from saponins mixture by Preparative HPLC. Antibacterial activities of the saponin mixture and isolated fractions were investigated against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25923) and six servers of Salmonella. in vitro antibacterial activities were determined by disc diffusion method and growth inhibition in liquid culture using 96-well plate. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured of the saponins mixture and fractions against each bacteria strain. The results shown that the green tea extracted saponins mixture and isolated fraction possesses antibacterial effects. Growth inhibition of various bacteria was observed in dose dependent manner. Five weeks grown chicken were used for in vivo antibacterial activities divided in three groups as control, infected and treatment group. The qRT- PCR analysis of the blood and feces samples of the different groups animals shown the presence of bacteria in the infected group while reduced expression levels of the bacterial gens were found for the samples of treatment group while no bacteria were found in the samples of control group as these animals were not infected with bacteria and used as reference.
Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi,Mei-Fang Jin,송봉규,박혜윤,오정미,전성근,Feng-Xie Jin,Hong-Shan Yu,임완택 한국생물공학회 2019 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.24 No.4
20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPTA), an aglycone of ginseng saponins, is rarely found and is present in a limited amount; it exhibits various pharmaceutical activities, including memory improvement, and anti-diabetic and anti-cancer effects. An enzymatic method was developed to improve 20(S)-protopanaxatriol aglycone [20(S)-PPTA] production using recombinant β-glucosidase (BgpA) cloned from Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil 3082T. The optimal hydrolytic activity was obtained at pH 7.0 and 37°C. The enzyme could hydrolyze the rutinoside and glucose moieties at the C6 and C20 positions, respectively, of ginsenosides Re and Rg1 to produce 20(S)-PPTA through the formation of ginsenoside F1 as an intermediate. For gram-scale production, the enzyme reaction was performed in a 10-L fermenter for 48 h at a substrate concentration of 10 mg/mL. Finally, 5.45 g 20(S)-PPTA was produced from 36 g PPT type ginsenoside mixture with 95% purity by chromatography. This study thus reveals an industrial application of a minor component, 20(S)-PPTA.