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Muhammad Bilal,Shoaib FREED,Saleh MUHAMMAD,Muhammad Zubair ASHRAF,Muhammad Bismillah KHAN 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4
Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous insect of crops and vegetables, is acquiring resistance against many commercial insecticides. The present study shows variations in the activity of two detoxification enzymes, namely esterase and glutathione S‐transferase (GST), in H. armigera after exposure to different isolates of entomopathogenic fungi. After treatment of larvae with the different isolates (Day 0), samples were collected on three days (Days 3, 5 and 7) for enzyme analysis. High GST activity was found in samples of hemolymph, intestine and fat bodies of H. armigera following treatment with Beauveria bassiana (isolate Bb‐08), Metarhizium anisopliae (isolates Ma‐11.1 and Ma‐4.1), and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If‐02 and If‐2.3). High esterase activity was recorded in samples of the intestine and fat bodies on various days after treatment, whereas increased esterase activity in hemolymph was noted only in samples from Day 5 after treatment with M. anisopliae (Ma‐4.1). The detection of high GST and esterase activity demonstrates the possibility of the development of resistance against these microbial control agents in H. armigera.
Energy Efficiency Enhancement of TICK -based Fuzzy Logic for Selecting Forwarding Nodes in WSNs
( Muhammad Ashraf ),( Cho Tae Ho ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.9
Communication cost is the most important factor in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as exchanging control keying messages consumes a large amount of energy from the constituent sensor nodes. Time-based Dynamic Keying and En-Route Filtering (TICK) can reduce the communication costs by utilizing local time values of the en-route nodes to generate one-time dynamic keys that are used to encrypt reports in a manner that further avoids the regular keying or re-keying of messages. Although TICK is more energy efficient, it employs no re-encryption operation strategy that cannot determine whether a healthy report might be considered as malicious if the clock drift between the source node and the forwarding node is too large. Secure SOurce-BAsed Loose Synchronization (SOBAS) employs a selective encryption en-route in which fixed nodes are selected to re-encrypt the data. Therefore, the selection of encryption nodes is non-adaptive, and the dynamic network conditions (i.e., The residual energy of en-route nodes, hop count, and false positive rate) are also not focused in SOBAS. We propose an energy efficient selection of re-encryption nodes based on fuzzy logic. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method achieves better energy conservation at the en-route nodes along the path when compared to TICK and SOBAS.
Chattering and Stability Analysis of the Sliding Mode Control Using Inverse Hyperbolic Function
Muhammad Asad,Muhammad Ashraf,Sohail Iqbal,Aamer Iqbal Bhatti 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.6
Chattering is a known issue in sliding mode control (SMC) and much research has been carried out tomitigate the chattering and its effects. In this work the chattering and stability analysis of the inverse hyperbolicfunction (IHF) based reaching law (RL) has been carried out. The work mathematically formulates the reachingtime and calculates the describing function (DF) for the IHF based RL, which is used to formulate the conditions forchattering avoidance. The bound for the gain of RL has been calculated that will result in the chattering avoidance. Finally the proposed scheme has been used to control the speed of DC motor. Experimental results show avoidanceof chattering and reduction in the reaching time.
Research vs. non-research universities: knowledge sharing and research engagement among academicians
Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi 서울대학교 교육연구소 2023 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.24 No.1
This study investigated the differences in knowledge sharing (KS) behavior among academicians from research universities (RUs) and non-research universities (Non-RUs) and the impact of their differences on research engagement in Malaysia. From the lens of the theory of planned behavior, research engagement is integrated into the original theory as the consequence of KS behavior. Applying a multi-group analysis through partial least square structural equation modeling, 458 academic staff from twenty public universities in Malaysia participated in the study. The study findings revealed that in the RU sample, commitment and subjective norm have no significant impact on attitude and intention, respectively. However, a significant impact of commitment and subjective norm on attitude and intention, respectively, was found in the non-RU sample. This study contributes to the knowledge management perspective among academicians and compares RU and non-RU academicians in Malaysia. A relevant mitigation plan must be taken to ensure that academicians in both RUs and non-RUs share their knowledge willingly and sincerely to elevate the status of higher education in the country to a greater height as a top world-class university. Moreover, an analysis of the implication of higher education in the country as well as institutionalization of education excellence could be achieved through better KS behavior in the South East Asian region.
Muhammad Awais Ashraf,Shrikant D. Tambe,조은진 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.4
A copper-catalyzed cascade process has been developed for the synthesis of 3-hydroxypyrrolidine derivatives in a highly diastereoselective manner. The reaction proceeded via borylative allyl copper intermediate formation from allenes; the intermediate underwent intramolecular diastereoselective cyclization followed by cascade copper-catalyzed protodeborylation, to give 3-hydroxypyrrolidines. This method could be extended to the synthesis of six-membered piperidine analogs. A series of control experiments were carried out to confirm the Cu-catalyzed facile protodeborylation of borylated homoallylic alcohols at room temperature.
Quantum Chemical Designing of Efficient Sensitizers for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Muhammad Imran Abdullah,Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf Janjua,Asif Mahmood,Sajid Ali,Muhammad Ali 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.7
Density functional theory (DFT) was used to determine the ground state geometries of indigo and new design dyes (IM-Dye-1 IM-Dye-2 and IM-Dye-3). The time dependant density functional theory (TDDFT) was used to calculate the excitation energies. All the calculations were performed in both gas and solvent phase. The LUMO energies of all the dyes were above the conduction band of TiO2, while the HOMOs were below the redox couple (except IM-Dye-3). The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of new design dyes were smaller as compared to indigo. All new design dyes were strongly red shifted as compared to indigo. The improved light harvesting efficiency (LHE) and free energy change of electron injection ΔGinject of new designed sensitizers revealed that these materials would be excellent sensitizers. The broken coplanarity between the benzene near anchoring group having LUMO and the last benzene attached to TPA unit in all new design dyes consequently would hamper the recombination reaction. This theoretical designing will the pave way for experimentalists to synthesize the efficient sensitizers for solar cells.
Muhammad Ashraf Javid,Toshiyuki Okamura,Fumihiko Nakamura,Shinji Tanaka,Rui Wang 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.1
This paper aims to identify the relationships between people’s attitudes on service quality attributes of private car and public transport, and intentions to use public transport under situational constraints, mobility restrictions on car use, public transport incentives and moral obligation. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Lahore and 354 usable samples obtained. Results revealed that people’s intentions to use public transport vary under different situations and mobility restrictions. The fiscal restrictions and policy of car entry restriction have significant influence on changing people’s intentions. Modeling results revealed that social/ aesthetic, personal and instrumental attitudinal aspects of private car and public transport are underlying factors in determining the people’s intentions towards public transport under stated conditions. It is argued that social/aesthetic and personal dimensions of public transport should have equal importance in making improvements along with instrumental dimensions. This study implicates that improvement in service quality of public transport need to integrate with mobility restrictions on car use for effective change of travel behavior. The findings of this study would be helpful for concerned authorities in considering the appropriate attributes of public transport for improvement, and other related policy measures to make significant promotion from car to public transport.
MUHAMMAD ASHRAF,R. AVILA,S. S. RAZA 한국산업응용수학회 2009 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and A Vol.13 No.1
In the present work transformation of dimensionless heat diffusion equation for the solution of moving boundary problems have been formulated. The formulation is based on 1-D, 2-D and 3-D, unsteady heat diffusion equations. These equations are first turned into dimensionless form by using dimensionless quantities and their transformation was formulated in liquid and solid phases. The salient feature of this work is that during the transformation of dimensionless heat diffusion equation there arises a convective term v which is responsible for the motion of interface in liquid as well as solid phase. In the transformed heat equation, a correction factor β also arises naturally which gives the correct transformed flux at interface.
Muhammad Riaz,Muhammad Ashraf,Keum-Shik Hong,Gyoung-Hahn Kim,Muhammad Rehan 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10
This article addresses the synchronization problem for two different chaotic systems with state time-delays, disturbances, and mutually Lipschitz nonlinearities. For analysis of the two different kind of chaotic oscillators, adaptive control theory, mutually Lipschitz condition and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) based methodology are utilized to suppress the synchronization error and mismatch between the master-slave chaotic in the presence of disturbances and state delays. A novel adaptive control scheme for the synchronization of such systems is established that guarantees the convergence of the error trajectory and ensures the stability of the synchronization error system. In the end, established adaptive control law is verified by a numerical example of two different, popular in electronics, chaotic Chua’s circuit and Rossler system.