Molecular and functional characterization of the adiponectin (AdipoQ) gene in goat skeletal muscle satellite cells

Wang, Linjie,Xue, Ke,Wang, Yan,Niu, Lili,Li, Li,Zhong, Tao,Guo, Jiazhong,Feng, Jing,Song, Tianzeng,Zhang, Hongping Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.8

Objective: It is commonly accepted that adiponectin binds to its two receptors to regulate fatty acid metabolism in adipocytes. To better understand their functions in the regulation of intramuscular adipogenesis in goats, we cloned the three genes (adiponectin [AdipoQ], adiponectin receptor 1 [AdipoR1], and AdipoR2) encoding these proteins and detected their mRNA distribution in different tissues. We also determined the role of AdipoQ in the adipogenic differentiation of goat skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs). Methods: SMSCs were isolated using 1 mg/mL Pronase E from the longissimus dorsi muscles of 3-day-old female Nanjiang brown goats. Adipogenic differentiation was induced in satellite cells by transferring the cells to Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with an isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone and insulin cocktail. The pEGFP-N1-AD plasmid was transfected into SMSCs using Lipofectamine 2000. Expression of adiponectin in tissues and SMSCs was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining. Results: The three genes were predominantly expressed in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. According to fluorescence and immunocytochemical analyses, adiponectin protein expression was only observed in the cytoplasm, suggesting that adiponectin is localized to the cytoplasm of goat SMSCs. In SMSCs overexpressing the AdipoQ gene, adiponectin promoted SMSC differentiation into adipocytes and significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated expression of AdipoR2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty-acid synthase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, though expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding $protein-{\alpha}$, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and AdipoR1 did not change significantly. Conclusion: Adiponectin induced SMSC differentiation into adipocytes, indicating that adiponectin may promote intramuscular adipogenesis in goat SMSC.

Effects of Loading Rates on the Hysteretic Response of Resilient Variable Friction Dampers

Yongwei Wang,Zhen Zhou,Linjie Huang 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.5

A novel resilient variable friction damper (RVFD) with a simple construction was proposed. To analyze the eff ects of loading rate on the stability and energy dissipation performance of the RVFD, two RVFDs were tested under diff erent loading rates and the hysteretic behaviors of the compared with that of the traditional constant friction dampers. Then the peak force, energy dissipation behavior, uneven gap opening of the grooved outer plates (GOPs), and performance of the disc springs under diff erent loading rates were studied. The results show that although no self-centering system was provided, only the RVFDs without a self-centering system still can exhibit stable self-centering performance and eff ective energy dissipation behaviors, especially with due to the using e of athe grooved steel plates with greater groove angle. When the loading rate is less than 10 mm/s, the peak forces of the RVFD slightly decrease with the increase in loading rates, while when the loading rate is greater than 10 mm/s, its eff ects could be neglected. The uneven gap opening of the GOPs infl uences the clamping forces of the disc springs in the bolts under diff erent loading amplitudes. The disc springs in the RVFDs not only provide the increasing clamping forces for energy dissipation and the restoring forces for self-centering behavior, but also dissipate the energy, which accounts for about 10% of the total energy dissipation of the RVFD.

In-pile tritium release behavior and the post-irradiation experiments of Li4SiO4 fabricated by melting process

Zhao Linjie,Yang Mao,Xiao Chengjian,Gong Yu,Ran Guangming,Chen Xiaojun,Li Jiamao,Yue Lei,Chen Chao,Hou Jingwei,Wang Heyi,Long Xinggui,Peng Shuming 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.1

Understanding the tritium release and retention behavior of candidate tritium breeder materials is crucial for breeder blanket design. Recently, a melt spraying process was developed to prepare Li4SiO4 pebbles, which were subsequently subjected to the in-pile tritium production and extraction platform in China Mianyang Research Reactor (CMRR) to investigate their in-situ tritium release behavior and irradiation performance. The results demonstrate that HT is the main tritium release form, and adding hydrogen to the purge gas reduces tritium retention while increasing the HT percent in the purge gas. Post-irradiation experiments reveal that the irradiated pebbles darken in color and their grains swell, but the mechanical properties remain largely unchanged. It is concluded that the tritium residence time of Li4SiO4 made by melt spraying method at 467 ◦C is approximately 23.34 h. High-density Li4SiO4 pebbles exhibit tritium release at relatively low temperatures (<600 ◦C) that is mainly controlled by bulk diffusion. The diffusion coefficient at 525 ◦C and 550 ◦C is 1.19 × 10 11 cm2/s and 5.34 × 10 11 cm2/s, respectively, with corresponding tritium residence times of 21.3 hours and 4.7 hours.

A New Insight into the Role of Calpains in Post-mortem Meat Tenderization in Domestic Animals: A review

Lian, Ting,Wang, Linjie,Liu, Yiping Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.3

Tenderness is the most important meat quality trait, which is determined by intracellular environment and extracellular matrix. Particularly, specific protein degradation and protein modification can disrupt the architecture and integrity of muscle cells so that improves the meat tenderness. Endogenous proteolytic systems are responsible for modifying proteinases as well as the meat tenderization. Abundant evidence has testified that calpains (CAPNs) including calpain I (CAPN1) and calpastatin (CAST) have the closest relationship with tenderness in livestock. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes including muscle growth and differentiation, pathological conditions and post-mortem meat aging. Whereas, Calpain3 (CAPN3) has been established as an important activating enzyme specifically expressed in livestock's skeletal muscle, but its role in domestic animals meat tenderization remains controversial. In this review, we summarize the role of CAPN1, calpain II (CAPN2) and CAST in post-mortem meat tenderization, and analyse the relationship between CAPN3 and tenderness in domestic animals. Besides, the possible mechanism affecting post-mortem meat aging and improving meat tenderization, and current possible causes responsible for divergence (whether CAPN3 contributes to animal meat tenderization or not) are inferred. Only the possible mechanism of CAPN3 in meat tenderization has been confirmed, while its exact role still needs to be studied further.

Exercise-induced FNDC5/irisin protects nucleus pulposus cells against senescence and apoptosis by activating autophagy

Zhou Wenxian,Shi Yifeng,Wang Hui,Chen Linjie,Yu Caiyu,Zhang Xufei,Yang Lei,Zhang Xiaolei,Wu Aimin 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of low back pain (LBP), and excessive senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are major pathological changes in IVDD. Physical exercise could effectively delay the process of intervertebral disc degeneration; however, its mechanism is still largely unknown. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine released upon cleavage of the membrane-bound precursor protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), and its levels increase after physical exercise. Here, we show that after physical exercise, FNDC5/irisin levels increase in the circulation and NP, senescence and apoptosis are reduced, autophagy is activated in NP tissue, and the progression of IVDD is delayed. Conversely, after knocking out FNDC5, the benefits of physical exercise are compromised. Moreover, the overexpression of FNDC5 in NP tissue effectively alleviated the degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) in rats. By showing that FNDC5/irisin is an important mediator of the beneficial effects of physical exercise in the IVDD model, the study proposes FNDC5/irisin as a novel agent capable of activating autophagy and protecting NP from senescence and apoptosis.

Open Access : Expression patterns of TRα and CRABPII genes in Chinese cashmere goat skin during prenatal development

( Tao Zhong ),( Wei Zhao ),( Zhongqiang Zhou ),( Li Li ),( Linjie Wang ),( Hua Li ),( Hongping Zhang ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.28

Background: The physiologic characteristics of the cashmere trait and many of the differentially expressed genes relevant to hair cycling have been extensively studied, whereas genes involved in the prenatal development of hair follicles have been poorly investigated in cashmere goats. The aim of this study, therefore, was to quantify the time-course changes in the expressions of TRα and CRABPII genes in the fetal skin of Chinese cashmere goats at the multiple embryonic days (E70, E75, E80, E90, E100, E120 and E130) using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: RT-qPCR showed that TRα was expressed at E70 with relatively high level and then slightly decreased (E75, E80, and E90). The highest expression of TRα mRNA was revealed at E130 (P > 0.05). The expression pattern of CRABPII mRNA showed an ``up-down-up`` trend, which revealed a significantly highest expression at E75 (P < 0.05) and was down-regulated during E80 to E120 (P < 0.05) and mildly increased at E130, subsequently. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that TRα and CRABPII genes expressed in different levels during prenatal development of cashmere. The present study will be helpful to provide the comprehensive understanding of TRα and CRABPII genes expressions during cashmere formation and lay the ground for further studies on their roles in regulation of cashmere growth in goats.

Expression patterns of TRα and CRABPII genes in Chinese cashmere goat skin during prenatal development

Zhong, Tao,Zhao, Wei,Zhou, Zhongqiang,Li, Li,Wang, Linjie,Li, Hua,Zhang, Hongping Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.8

Background: The physiologic characteristics of the cashmere trait and many of the differentially expressed genes relevant to hair cycling have been extensively studied, whereas genes involved in the prenatal development of hair follicles have been poorly investigated in cashmere goats. The aim of this study, therefore, was to quantify the time-course changes in the expressions of $TR{\alpha}$ and CRABPII genes in the fetal skin of Chinese cashmere goats at the multiple embryonic days (E70, E75, E80, E90, E100, E120 and E130) using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: RT-qPCR showed that $TR{\alpha}$ was expressed at E70 with relatively high level and then slightly decreased (E75, E80, and E90). The highest expression of $TR{\alpha}$ mRNA was revealed at E130 (P > 0.05). The expression pattern of CRABPII mRNA showed an 'up-down-up' trend, which revealed a significantly highest expression at E75 (P < 0.05) and was down-regulated during E80 to E120 (P < 0.05) and mildly increased at E130, subsequently. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that $TR{\alpha}$ and CRABPII genes expressed in different levels during prenatal development of cashmere. The present study will be helpful to provide the comprehensive understanding of $TR{\alpha}$ and CRABPII genes expressions during cashmere formation and lay the ground for further studies on their roles in regulation of cashmere growth in goats.