초등학교 과학과 에너지영역의 STS 내용 변천

서승조,조태호,백남권,김성규,박강은,정인재 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 2001 科學敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.-

This research compared and analyzed the content ratio of the STS (Science-Technology-Society) Education and subjects and types of learning activities to determine the characteristics of STS education in science classes of elementary schools. In the 5th curriculum, the STS-related content on energy section took up 6.6% , in the 6th curriculum, compared with that of the 5th, the STS content ratio on the energy section increased 7.9% and the STS content on the energy section in the 7th curriculum showed an increased 20.8% proportion. Comparing the main subjects of the STS in the energy section for the science class according to curriculum in the 5th, they obviously have influenced technological development, energy, the development of space studies, and sociology of science, in that order. In the 6th curriculum. compared with that of the 5th, the energy section decreased and the sociology of science increased much. There were no significant changes in other subjects. In the 7th, the STS elements were distributed evenly but the extent of the STS main subjects reduced compared to that of the 6th. The STS education activities represented in science textbooks of elementary schools were mainly executed through discussion, research activities, and actual activities. Other activities such as role-playing, simulation tests, problem solving and decision making, data analysis, research design, case studies, etc. were hardly made.

退行性關節炎 韓方治療에 對한 最近 硏究 動向 : 臨床硏究 方法論을 中心으로 Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Pubmed and Chinese Medical Journals

서병관,류성룡,이송실,허정은,백용현,이재동,최도영,조윤제,김남재,박동석 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Objective : The aim of this study was to review systemically clinical trials on the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methods : Computerized literature searches were carried out on seven electronic databases, and hand-searching on some chinese medical journals in library of Kyung Hee Medical Center. Trial data were extracted in a standardized, predefined manner and assessed independently. Results : 1. Thirty reports of clinical trials and two reports of meta-analyses concerning herbal medicine were collected and reviewed Among these reports three medical herbs were applied as topical medicine and others as internal medicine. 2. The western studies established NSAIDs or placebo as their control group. Five chinese reports established formulated herb pill(Ruanshnagshenjin pill) as their control group and Six did not establish a control group at all. 3. ACR was the most highly used diagnostic criteria in the western studies while the Chinese used their official criteria established by their government or the criteria of their text books. 4. 20 reports chose the Lequesne functional index, SHAQ, WOMAC OA index, AIMS, and their own unique scoring system as the criteria of analysing the effect. Others chose clinical symptoms, articular functions, and lab finding as their criteria. 5. 7 single herbs and 19 formulated herbs were studied. Among the formulated herbs, Achyranthes japonica was studied in 10 of the studies and Angelica gigantis Radix in 8, making them the most often studied herbs among the studies.

초등학교 교육과정과 교과서에 농업·농촌의 기능 및 가치 반영 방안

서우석,강대구,정남용,김재호,이윤조 한국농업교육학회 2006 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.38 No.4

이 연구는 농업ㆍ농촌의 기능과 가치를 재정립하고 이를 초등학교 교육과정 및 교과서에 반영시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 이를 위하여 먼저 선행연구 고찰을 통하여 농업ㆍ농촌의 기능과 가치를 재개념화하고, 이를 토대로 내용 분석 틀을 개발하여 초등학교 교육과정 및 교과서를 분석 하고, 그 결과를 토대로 교육과정 및 교과서에 반영시키기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 그 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농업ㆍ농촌의 기능과 가치는 크게 자연환경적 기능(수자원 함양 기능, 환경정화 기능, 생태계 보전기능, 자연재해 방지 기능), 사회문화적 기능(전통문화 보전 기능, 정서의 순화 기능, 자연학습의장 제공 기능), 사회경제적 기능(농산물 공급 기능, 직업 기회 제공 기능, 국토의 균형발전 기능, 타 산업에의 기여 기능)으로 분류하였다. 둘째, 농업ㆍ농촌의 기능과 가치를 바탕으로 초등학교 교육과정 및 교과서를 분석한 결과, 전 학년에 걸쳐서 자연학습의 장 제공 기능과 전통문화 보전 기능이 높게 나타났고, 그 다음으로는 농산물 공급기능과 정서순화기능이 높게 나타났다. 반면에 수자원함양기능과 환경정화기능은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 내용분석을 토대로 교과의 성격을 고려하여 각 교과별로 농업ㆍ농촌의 기능과 가치를 반영시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 마지막으로, 각 교과별로 농업ㆍ농촌의 기능과 가치 반영 방안을 체계적으로 이행하기 위한 행ㆍ재정적 지원 방안을 교육과정 개발 측면, 교과서 개발 측면, 교육과정 운영측면, 정책적 지원 측면으로 구분 하여 제시하였다. The purpose of the study is to suggest the strategies for incorporating the roles and values of agriculture & rural areas as a part of the national curriculum and elementary school textbooks. For this purpose, this study was conducted as follows; First, we reclassified the roles and values of agriculture & rural areas after critically reviewing literature: environmental conservation functions, socio-cultural functions and socio-economic functions. Second, based on the new classification, we develop a framework for analyzing the national curriculum and elementary school textbooks. The functions of rural areas as places for learning about nature and purifying emotion and the importance of agriculture in providing agricultural product were frequently presented but the functions of sustaining water resources and environmental purification were relatively less presented in the national curriculum and elementary school textbooks. Third, we suggested strategies for incorporating the roles and values of agriculture & rural areas in the national curriculum and elementary school textbook based on the analysis. Finally, we suggested necessary administrative and financial assistance to systematically and effectively implement the suggested strategies for developing a new curriculum and textbooks as well as implementing the curriculum.

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂/Al₂O₃-TZP 세라믹스의 기계적 특성 및 열충격 거동

서정철,박재성,남효덕 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 1999 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.27 No.2

The effects of the addition of either monoclinic ZrO2(pure) or tetragonal ZrO2 containing 5.35wt% Y2O3 (Y-TZP) on the mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3 ceramics were investigated. The addition of ZrO2(m) and Y-TZP increased sintered density of Al2O3. The Vickers hardness also increased as the volume fraction of Y-TZP increased going through a maximum at 20wt%. The hardness of the specimens was found to be dependent on the sintered density. The higher volume fraction of either ZrO2(m) or Y-TZP resulted in the higher fracture toughness of the composite was. This result may be taken as evidence that toughening of Al2O3 can be achieved by not only the transformation toughening but microcrack toughening of ZrO2. The thermal shock property for Al2O3-ZrO2 composites was improved by increasing the volume fraction of monoclinic ZrO2(pure). The grain size increased as the volume fraction of ZrO2 did.

지능형 도로교통 제어기의 설계

서재관,이성의,오성남,박귀태,김갑일 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Abstract - In this paper, The hardware and software of an Intelligent Traffic Controller has been designed. It consist of several parts-Main CPU module, Field I/O module, Display Module, communication module and Mother Board module. These modules were classified by the functions. This system can be communicated using the Mother Board module. A traffic data is processed by Main CPU module, A data input and output are processed by Field I/O module, User interface is processed by Display module, and Software debugging is processed by communication module and Main CPU module. In this paper, a hardware can be attached and detached easily because It was designed as the module. This system has an advantage that can be used as the common controller. The Overall System consists of several part - loop sensor, loop detector, traffic controller and PC to debug software. Until a few years ago, the sequential program method had been used in Embedded System. But, Because of the complex hardware, the Real Time Operating System is used at the present. In this thesis, OS-9 is ported to the traffic controller. The verification program is designed for testing hardware and software. The verification program consists of several parts - serial communication test, free memory test(DRAM, FLASH, SRAM), Timer test, real time clock, data key read and write test, LED test, Field I/O module test and Front Panel Assembly test. User can verify the hardware and software by calling sub-program.

B.G.I 지반보강 공법에 관한 연구

유남재,서승오,김동건 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2009 産業技術硏究 Vol.29 No.B

This paper is to investigate effect of B.G.I (Best Grouting Innovation) method on reinforcing ground. In this thesis, extensive literature review was performed to summarize theoretical backgrounds of grouting and to compare the applicability of different grouting methods. Unconfined compression test with specimen prepared by injecting different grouts of B.G.I, S.G.R and L.W methods and by changing the curing time were carried out to figure out characteristics of initial unconfined compression strength mobilized in the early stage. As results of test, the compression strength increases with curing times and specimen prepared with grouts of B.G.I method show greater values than others. On the other hands, the measured values of pH are in the range of 7-10 during tests. In field, preliminary construction to main construction at several sites were performed to confirm the effect of reinforcing the ground by application of B.G.I method. From the results of permeability test in field, SPT test and phenol reaction test, it was found that N values after grouting are greater than those before grouting and values of permeability in grouted ground is reduced significantly.

비정질 Fe_(80)B_(20) 합금의 결정화

신영남,서동성,김재경,양재석 대구대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 基礎科學硏究 Vol.12 No.-

연자성 재료의 하나인 비정질 Fe_(80)B_(20) 합금을 단롤법으로 제작하여 주차열분석(Differential scanning calorimeter)실험을 통해 결정화 온도를 알아보고, 비정질 시료와 결정화된 시료를 X-선회절실험 및 Mo¨ssbauer 분광실험으로 생성된 결성상의 변화를 규명 분석하였다. DSC 실험을 통해서 얻은 결정화 시작온도 426℃, Peak온도 458℃, 종료온도 476℃임을 알았으며, 700℃에서 각각 1시간 동안 열처리를 하였다. 시료를 XRD로 분석한 결과 열처리 전에는 halo상의 비정질 상태임을 확인하였고, 열처리 후의 시료는 격자상수가 5.8Å인 α-Fe상과 격자상수가 a=8.63Å. c=4.29Å인 t-Fe_(3)B상이 나타남을 확인하였다. 결정화된 시료들의 Mo¨ssbauer spectrum은 4조의 6중선으로 연산하여 초미세자기장값과 상대면적값에 의해 각 시료의 Fe/B값으로부터 426℃, 458℃, 476℃에선 FeB상으로, 700℃에선 Fe_(2)B상과 Fe_(3)B상이 혼합되어 있다고 볼 수 있다. 한편 결정화된 시료들의 Mo¨ssbauer spectrum은 subspectra L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 및 L6의 6개의 6중선으로 fitting된 초미세자기장 α-Fe값은 333~339kOe, t-Fe_(3)B값은 220~295kOe, o-Fe_(3)B값은 230~283kOe 그리고 시료중 700℃에서 결정화된 L6의 초미세자기장값이 236kOe으로서 o-Fe_(3)B상과 t-Fe_(3)B상이 혼합되어져 있다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 열처리 온도가 증가 할수록 각 시료는 α-Fe상의 존재비가 증가하였고 t-Fe_(3)B상과 o-Fe_(3)B상이 공존하였으며, 700℃에서는 t-Fe_(2)B상이 존재함을 알았다. The crystallization of Fe_(30)&B_(23) amorphous alloy, prepared by rapid quenching from melt, was studied by differential s c a e calorimetry, X-ray djffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Annealing condition was determined with the aid of DSC curves. From this measurements, this aUoy was annealed 1 hour at 426℃, 458℃ 476℃ and 700℃ in 5 × 10^(-6) torr. The lattice constants for the isochronally annealed Fe_(30)-B_(20) alloy were a-Fe(5.8A) and t-F~B(a=8.63A, c= 4.29A). The Mo¨ssbauer spectra of the Fe_(30)-B_(20) alloy consist of 6-sixlets absorption peaks. Hyperfine fields are obtained 333 - 339kOe, 2% - 295kOe, 252 - 262kOe, 220 - 225kOe, 272 - 283kOe and 230 - 236kOe. These phases are assumed to be crystalline α-Fe, t-Fe₃B, O-Fe₃B and t-Fe₂B.

당귀와 천궁 및 시호의 병용 경구 투여에서 흰쥐 혈중 Decursinol 농도의 비교 검토

박노정,김남재,이경태,서성훈 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2001 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2001 No.-

This study was performed to elucidate the influence on the plasma decursinol concentration after administration of combined decursin and Cnidii Rhizoma or decurisin and Bupleuri Radix extracts in comparison with single decursin admimistration. The identification of decursional isolated from Angelica gigas was carried out by GC/MS and the concentration of decursinol in the plasma after oral administration was determined by HPLC. The value of area under the plasma concentration (AUC) and the maximal concentration (Cmas) of decursinol after administration of methanol and ether Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract was higher than those of single decursin-treated group. It was also found that the AUC and the Cmax of decursional after combined administration with decursin and Cnidii Rhizoma were higher than those of decursin administration, whereas those of combined with decursin and Bupleuri Radix was lower. Moreover, the studies were performed with decursinol only or with combined decursinol and Cnidii Rhizoma/Bupleuri Radix, both of combined treatment increased the plasma decursinol concentrations compared with decursinol-treated group in rats. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that co-existing substances or co-administration with other drugs may influence the plasma levels of decurisinol after oral administration.

근관 전색재의 방사선 불투과성에 관한 비교연구

김태민,김서경,황인남,황윤찬,강병철,윤숙자,이재서,오원만 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.1

This study was performed to assess the radiopacity of a variety of root canal sealers according to the Specification concerning root canal sealers. Ten materials including Tubli-Seal™, Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer™, AH 26^(R), AH plus^(R), AH plus jet™, Ad seal™, Sealapex™, NOGENOU™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™, and dentin were evaluated in this study. In the first part. densitometric reading of an each step of aluminum step wedge on occlusal film was performed at different voltage and exposure time. In the second part, ten specimens were radiographed simultaneously with an aluminum step wedges on the occlusal films under decided condition. The mean radiographic density values of the materials were transformed into radiopacity expressed equivalent thickness of aluminum (mm Al). The following results were obtained 1 Among the various conditions, the appropriate voltage and exposure time that meet the requirement density was 60 kVp at 0.2 s 2 All of the materials had greater radiopacity than 3 mm Al requirement of ANSI/ADA specification No. 57 (2000) and ISO No. 6876 (2001) standards. 3 The radiopacity of materials increased as thickness of materials increased. 4 The mm Al value of each specimen at 1mm in thickness has a significant difference in the statistics. It suggests that root canal sealers have a sufficient radiopacity that meet the requirement. 다양한 근관전색제는 방사선 사진상 주위 해부학적 구조와 구별될 만한 방사선 불투과성을 나타내야 한다 따라서 이런 물질들이 근관에 충전될 때의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 평가해야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 다양한 근관전색제들의 방사선 불투과성을 평가하고자, 방사선 노출조건에 따른 aluminium step wedge에 대한 광학 밀도를 알아보고, 그 중 적절한 노출조건을 선택하여 수종의 근관 전색재의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 알루미늄 두께로 환산하여 비교해 보고자 한다. 방사선 불투과성의 기준을 위해 11개의 step으로 구성된 aluminum step wedge을 사용하여, 60kVP, 70kVp관전압 상태에서 각각 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초 그리고 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초의 꼭 노출시간으로 교합필름상에서 방사선 촬영후 적절한 노출 조건을 구하였다. 직경 5mm 각각의 두께 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mm인 10종 (Tubli-Seal™, Kerr pulp Canal Sealer™, AH26^(R), AHplus^(R), AH plus jet starter kit™, Ad seal™, Sealapex™, Nogenol root canal sealer™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™)의 근관전색재 시편을 각 재료와 두께당 10개씩 제작한 후, 동일한 두께의 상아질 시편, aluminum step wedge와 함께 정해진 노출시간에 따라 방사선 촬영을 하였다. 모든 필름은 자동현상기로 현상하였다. 시편의 방사선 흑화도를 densitometer로 5회 반복 측정 후, 평균값을 구하여 알루미눔 두께로 환산하였다.얻어진 정보를 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1 관전압 60 kVp에서 노출시간 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초, 70 kVp에서 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초로 변화를 주어 방사선 촬영을 하였을 때 흑화도가 ISO No. 6876 규격에 가장 적합한 것은 60 kVP, 0.2초 일 경우였다. 2 측정된 근관 전색제의 방사선 불투과성은 2.29 mm Al (N0GEN0L)로부터 13.69 mm Al (AH Plus jet)까지 다양하게 나타났으나, 모두 ANSI/ADA specification (2000) 또는 ISO No. 6876 (2001) 규격이 제시한 최소한 3mm Al 이상의 방사선 불투과성을 지녀야 한다는 기준에 적합하였다. 3 재료의 두께가 증가할수록 방사선 불투과성은 증가하지만, 정비례하지는 않았다. 4 각 실험재료의 1 mm 두께의 시편에 대한 mm Al값들은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상의 결과는 본 실험에 사용된 수종의 근관 전색재는 모든 규격에 적합한 방사선 불투과성을 가지고 있음을 시사한다.

당귀와 천궁 및 시호의 병용 경구 투여에서 흰쥐 혈중 Decursinol 농도의 비교 검토

박노정,김남재,이경태,서성훈 경희대학교 경희동서약학연구소 2001 경희약대 논문집 Vol.29 No.-

This study was performed to elucidate the influence on the plasma decursinol concentration after administration of combined decursin and Cnidii Rhizoma or decurisin and Bupleuri Radix extracts in comparison with single decursin administration. The identification of decursinol in the plasma after oral administration was determined by HPLC. The value of area under the plasma concentration (AUC) and the maximal concentration (Cmax) of decursinol after administration of methanol and ether Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract was higher than those of single decursin-treated group. It was also found that the AUC and the Cmax of decursinol after combined administration with decursin and Cnidii Rhizoma were higher than those of decursin administration, whereas those of combined with decursin and Bupleuri Radix was lower. Moreover, the studies were performed with decursinol only or with combined decursinol and Cnidii Rhizoma/Bupleuri Radix, both of combined treatment increased the plasma decursinol concentrations compared with decursinol-treated group in rats. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that co-existing substances or co-administration with other drugs may influence the plasma levels of decurisinol after oral administration.