Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

성인 남성이 선호하는 외투 디자인과 색채에 관한 연구 : 20ㆍ30대를 중심으로

홍성주,김보연,류숙희 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 科學論集 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate that men in their 20's and 30's prefer what kind of styles and colors in overcoats. To achieve this purpose, this study was carried out by suggesting the overcoats of 7 styles and 24 colors to 546 men in their 20's and 30's. We analyzed and compared their preferred styles and colors in overcoats, by examining the individual factors such as age, marriage status, personality and education. This study shows the following results. Men in both their 20's and 30's liked the classic styles like style B and neutral colors most. The extroversive and single men in their 20's preferred the casual and polished styles in contrast to others. On the other hand, the introversive and married men in their 30's preferred the classic and formal styles. Skin color has nothing to do with preference of styles.

기종성담낭염에 의한 기복증

홍경숙,오보영,이령아 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2013 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.36 No.2

건물 산란계수를 이용한 비가시거리 영역에서의 전파환경

홍성욱,강부식,김흥수 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.8 No.1

In this paper, the scattered electric fields is computed to predict the shielding zone by analysing the effect of the reflected azimuth anlge at the building, and considering the path differences at observation point between the rays from origin and any point in the building. The scattering coefficients. which are applicable to the prediction of shielding zone. are computed and compared with measured one. We found that the scattering power become weak over 10 degree of the azimuth angle at which the scattering coefficient is lower than 40 dB. From this, the shielding zone can be estimated.

남성 사무직 근로자들의 직무스트레스와 간기능 이상과의 관련성

홍정연,김형렬,이보람,김용규,구정완,박정일 大韓産業醫學會 2009 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

목적: 사무직 근로자의 직무스트레스와 간기능 이상의 관련성을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 근로자 건강검진에 참여한 남성 사무직 근로자 664명을 대상으로 응답자 직접 기입식 건강 검진 문진 및 한국인 직무스트레스 측정도구(Korean Occupational Stress Scale)의 결과와 각 근로자의 간기능 검사결과를 통해 간기능 이상에 영향을 주는 요인에 대해 분석하였다. 결과: 직무요구도 및 전체 직무스트레스 수준이 높은 군에서 간기능 이상률이 증가하였다. 음주 행동과 BMI에 따라 근로자 군을 분류하였을 때, 직무요구도 및 전체 직무스트레스 수준이 높은 군에서 간기능 이상률이 증가 하였다. 불건강 음주를 하는 군과 BMI 25이상 비만자군의 경우 직무스트레스의 수준이 간기능 이상에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 직무요구도 및 전체 직무스트레스 수준이 높은 군에서 간기능 이상과 관련성을 보였다. 따라서 직무스트레스의 조직적 관리 및 접근을 통해 간기능 건강에 기여 할 수 있을 것이다. Objectives: We wanted to investigate the relationship between job stress and liver dysfunction in Korean male white collar workers. Methods: A total of 700 male white collar workers who worked at one electronic institute and who participated in an annual surveillance program were recruited: 664(94.9%) workers were initially recruited and the data for 36 workers was excluded due to poor responses and a past history of liver disease. The questionnaire survey included the participants' general characteristics, the job-related factors, the health-related behaviors and job stress. Job stress was assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). We merged the job stress data with the individual liver function results by conducting annual surveillance. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjusting it for the Confounding variables, including alcohol drinking and the body mass index (BMI), was used to evaluate the relationship between job stress and liver dysfunction. Results: After adjustment for the confounding variables, the proportion of liver dysfunction cases was significantly higher in the groups with a high level of job stress, as assessed by the 'job demands and total score'. After conducting a stratified analysis with considering alcohol drinking and the BMI, the prevalence odds ratio of liver dysfunction was higher in the groups with a high level of job stress, as assessed by the 'job demands and total score'. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the level of job stress (and especially that assessed by the job demands and total score) is related to liver dysfunction. Thus, further preventive efforts and studies are needed to reduce job stress and address liver dysfunction.

분묘로 본 매장 형태의 변화 : 영남 지역의 선사·고대 분묘를 대상으로

홍보식 동의대학교 인문과학연구소 2002 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.7 No.-

樂浪塼築墓에 대한 一考察

洪潽植 부산대사학회 1993 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.17

식품저장수명에 대한 ceramic film package의 효과

홍상필,오두환,양융,선보경 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1993 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

The positive of effects of ceramic film package on the shelf life of foods were compared with those of P.E. film. compared with P.E. film package, ceramic film package inhibited growth of microorganisms and decreased lipid oxidation velocity. Ceramic film package extended the shelf life of Vit. C and stabilized chlorophyll pigment. Total score in the organoleptic tests for ceramic film packed foods was higher than that for P.E. film packed foods.

TIRE/ROAD NOISE GENERATION MODEL에 關한 硏究

홍동표,이희보,김병삼 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 1992 工學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

A theoretical models has been prepared which describes the noise generated by tire/road interaction. The model begin with a set of thin shell equations describing the motion of the belt of a radial ply tire, as drived by Bo¨hm("mechanisms of the Belted tire", Ingeniur-Archiv, XXXV,1966). Structural quantities required for these equations are derived from material properties of the tire. The rolling shape of a tire is computed from the steady-state limit of these equations. Vibrational response of the tire is treated by the full dependent shell equations. The force input at the tire/road interface is calculated on the basis of tread geometry and distribution of contact patch pressure. Radiation of sound is calculated by a simpson integral. Using the programs, the effect on noise of various tire design variations is computed and discussed. Trends which lead to low noise design are identified.

SnO_2-ZnO 계 후막센서 구조에 따른 CO 감지 특성

박보석,홍광준,김호기,박진성 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.3

CO 기체 감지 특성을 향상시키기 위해서 3 mol% ZnO를 첨가한 SnO_2와 3mol% SnO_2를 첨가한 ZnO의 적층 형태를 변화시켜 연구하였다. 적층 구조는 단일층, 복층, 그리고 이종층 구조로 후막 인쇄법을 사용하여 제작하였다. SnO_2-ZnO계에서 제 2상은 발견되지 않았다. 전도성은 SnO_2에 ZnO를 첨가하면 감소하고, ZnO에 SnO_2를 첨가하면 증가하였다. 측정 온도증가와 CO 기체 유입으로 전도성은 증가하였다. 단층 및 복층의 후막센서 구조의 감도 향상은 없었으나, SnO_2 -3ZnO-ZnO · 3SnO_2·substrate 구조의 이종층 센서의 감도는 향상되었다. 센서 구조에 관계없이 I-V 변화는 모두 직선성을 나타내서 Ohmic 접합 특성을 이루고 있었다. The sensing properties of carbon monooxide were investigated as a function of mixing ratio and the lamination structure of 3mol% ZnO-doped SnO_2 and 3mol% SnO_2-doped ZnO. The lamination structures were fabricared monolayer, double layer, and hetero layer of SnO_2, ZnO, and theirs mixture composition using thick film process. There was no second phase by the reaction of SnO_2 and ZnO. The conductance was decreased by the addition of ZnO in SnO_2, but it was increased with the addition of SnO_2 in ZnO. The conductance was increased with temperature and the inlet of CO. There was no improvement of sensitivity in the structure of mono- and double-layer. The hetero-layer structure, however, of SnO_2 · 3ZnO-ZnO · 3SnO_2 showed the higher resistivity and the highest sensitivity. Ohmic characteristics was confirmed by the linear properties for I-V measurements.