Synthesis of Direct β‐to‐β Linked Porphyrin Arrays with Large Electronic Interactions: Branched and Cyclic Oligomers

Cai, Hao,Fujimoto, Keisuke,Lim, Jong Min,Wang, Chaojie,Huang, Weiming,Rao, Yutao,Zhang, Senmiao,Shi, Hui,Yin, Bangshao,Chen, Bo,Ma, Ming,Song, Jianxin,Kim, Dongho,Osuka, Atsuhiro WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 Angewandte Chemie Vol.126 No.41

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Direct β‐to‐β linked branched and cyclic porphyrin trimers and pentamers have been synthesized by the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of β‐borylporphyrins and β‐bromoporphyrins. The cyclic porphyrin trimer, the smallest directly linked cyclic porphyrin wheel to date, and its twined pentamer, exhibit small electrochemical HOMO–LUMO gaps, broad nonsplit Soret bands, and red‐shifted Q‐bands, thus indicating large electronic interactions between the constituent porphyrin units.</P>

User-intervened structured meshing methods and applications for complex flow fields based on multiblock partitioning

Wen-Hao Cai,Jie-Min Zhan,Ying-Ying Luo 한국CDE학회 2021 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.8 No.1

Recently, a series of automatic structured grid generation methods for different fields or specific problems have been proposed by various researchers, but these methods still have some disadvantages or limitations. Therefore, in the present study, several user-intervened structured meshing methods for complex flow fields have been introduced for multiblock docking and multiblock splicing based on multiblock structured grid technology. Besides, three applications compared with the other methods or experiments are discussed to illustrate the crucial workflow of the user-intervened partitioning. The successful implementation of these partitioning examples demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the methods described herein. And the techniques and criteria summarized in the present paper are quite practical and helpful for high-quality meshing.

One-pot synthesis of lactic acid from cellulose over a sulfonated Sn-KIT6 catalyst

Weijie Cai,Qing Chen,Hao Xuan,Congming Li,Hao Yu,Li Cui,Zhihui Yu,Shaoyin Zhang,Fengzuo Qu 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.4

A sulfonated Sn-doped KIT-6 catalyst (Sn-KIT-6-Pr-SO3H) was successfully prepared via the hydrothermal self-assembly method, and its performance towards to value-added lactic acid production from one-pot conversion of renewable cellulose was investigated. Indeed, the physicochemical features of the as-prepared catalysts were deeply characterized by various techniques, including XRD, BET, SEM, FT-IR, XPS, UV-vis and TGA-DSC. The results confirmed its high BET surface area with an ultrahigh cross-linked framework and promising acid strength (co-existence of Brønsted and Lewis acidity). Additionally, the impact of different reaction factors, such as the type of catalysts, temperature, time, recyclability on cellulose conversion and the yield of targeted lactic acid, were determined. Meanwhile, the developed catalyst depicted the promising activity and stability under the optimal reaction conditions. It could be recycled at least four times without any obvious deactivation. This provides insight into developing efficient catalytic systems to convert renewable biomass into value-added chemicals.

중국헌법상의 전국인민대표대회의 헌법적 지위에 관한 고찰

채영호(CAI, YONG HAO) 세계헌법학회 한국학회 2011 世界憲法硏究 Vol.17 No.1

중국은 인민대표대회제도를 통하여 대의민주주의를 실현하고 있다. 인민대표대회제도는 국민주권원리와 대의제에 기초하여 하나의 민주적 정당성을 요한다. 즉 전국인민대표대회는 선거를 통해 인민으로부터 모든 국가권력을 부여받고 인민을 대신하여 기타 국가기관을 산생하며 그에 대해 감독하고 전국인민대표대회는 인민에 대해 책임을 진다. 이러한 제도는 국가운영의 효율에 유리한 반면 집정당의 국가통제에도 유리하다. 때문에 다수의 경우 제도건립 초기에는 정당이 국가를 통제하는 도구로 전락되었다가 인민들의 민주의식의 진보와 법치주의 원리의 확립과 함께 점차적으로 민주화 형태로 변화하고 있다. 중국의 전국인민대표대회도 초기에는 단순히 중공중앙의 직접적인 지도하에서 형식적인 민주를 추구하고 정당의 국가통치에 합법성을 부여하던 데로부터 중공중앙의 정책적인 지도와 인사적인 지도를 받는 자주권이 있는 명실상부한 입법기관으로 변화하고 있다. 특히 전국인민대표대회 상무위원회의 권한확대, 입법권과 감독권 행사에서의 공개성과 권위성의 제고 등 변화는 중국을 진정한 법치국가로 이끌고 있다. 이러한 변화는 중국의 인민대표대회제도가 사회주의제도의 본보기로 된다는 점에서 그 의의가 한층 더 부여된다. China has fulfilled representative democracy via the National People's Congress (NPC) system, which, based on nationals' sovereignty and representative system, is characterized by democratic justification. Namely, the National People's Congress, the organ through which people exercise state power, is composed of deputies elected by the people for whom it takes sole responsibility. Hence, it organizes and supervises other state organs on behalf of the people. Although it contributes to increasing the state operation efficiency, the NPC system permits the ruling party to control the country more readily. In most cases, it serves as a tool for the ruling party to tighten the control over the state from the outset and then is gradually converted to democratization form with the elevation of the people's democratic awareness and the establishment of legal institutions. In the early years, the NPC of China sought out pro forma democracy under the CPC Central Committee's direct leadership, and endowed the ruling party with legality to govern the state. But the combination of democratic perfection and economic construction development increasingly shaped it into an authentic autonomous legislation guided by both policies and personel of the CPC Central Committee. Especially some radical changes have put China on the way to a legal state, ranging from the power extension of the Standing Committee of the NPC to wide publicity given to exercising legislative and supervisory power to authoritativeness enhancement. These amazing changes are of special significance since the NPC system of the People's Republic of China is regarded as a striking example of other state's socialist system.

연구논문 : 중국 민족구역자치지역의 입법변통권에 관한 연구 -연변조선족자치주를 중심으로-

채영호 ( Yong Hao Cai ) 국제헌법학회,한국학회 2013 世界憲法硏究 Vol.19 No.3

다민족국가인 중국은 민족구역자치제도를 통하여 민족문제를 해결하고 있다. 민족구역자치는 소수민족지역에서의 인민주권원리의 실현으로서 그 관건은 자치권에 있다. 민족구역자치지역은 일반 지방에 비하여 광범위한 자치권을 갖고 있지만 그 중 제일 중요한 자치권은 입법변통권이라 하겠다. 즉 민족구역자치지역은 본 지방 민족의 정치, 경제와 문화의 특성에 근거하여 자치조례와단행조례를 제정할 권한이 있고, 자치조례와 단행조례는 법률, 행정법규와 지방성법규의 규정에 관하여 변통규정을 할 수 있다. 민족구역자치지역의 자치입법의 역사를 보면 입법변통권은 주로 소수민족의 전통 및 민족구역자치지역의 낙후한 현실과 국가 법률 간의 차이를 완화하는데 활용되었고, 해당 지방발전의 추진에는 작용이 미약하여 30여년이 지난 오늘에 이르러서도 민족구역자치지역과 일반 지방과의 정치, 경제, 문화 간의 차이는 여전히 크다. 민족구역자치지역의 이러한 현황을 개변하고 입법변통권을 활용하여 민족구역자치지역의 정치, 경제, 문화의 전면적인 발전을 추진하려면 중국 현행 입법기관의 관본위사상, 변통입법심사에 있어서의 개인책임제, 인민대표대회 상무위원회의 구성으로 인한 이익관계와 민족구역자치지역 법제건설의 낙후한 현실 등 문제점들을 해결하여야 한다. As a multinational country, China solves national problems through the system of regional national autonomy. As the system of implementation of the people sovereignty principle in minority local, regional national autonomy`s point is the exercise of autonomy. Regional national autonomy enjoyed broader autonomy than general places, and one of the most important autonomies is the legislation accommodation power. According to the political, economic and cultural characteristics, regional national autonomy has the right to develop autonomy and special regulations which can make variable regulations of laws, administrative regulations and local regulations. From the history of autonomy legislation of regional national autonomy, legislative accommodation power is mainly applied to the right of inheriting the ethnic traditional, easing the gap between behind reality of regional national autonomy and the country`s advanced laws, but its role is very small as for the local economic development. Despite more than 30 years, differences of political, economic and cultural remain large between general local and regional national autonomy. Making flexible use of legislation accommodation power can change present situation of regional national autonomy. However, making flexible use of legislation accommodation power should eliminate China`s current legislature`s official thinking, accommodate individual responsible system of legislation investigation, erase interest relation of forming the Standing Committee of the National People`s Congress, and carry forward legal system construction of regional national autonomy, and so on.

중국 인민대표대회 선거제도의 발전과정과 문제점

채영호 ( Yong Hao Cai ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2015 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.30

According to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China,, all power in the People’s Republic of China belongs to the people. The organs which the people exercise state power through are the National People’s Congress and the local people’s congresses at various levels. All of the people’s congresses are constituted through democratic election. They are responsible for the people and accept their supervision. China’s first Electoral Law was enacted in 1953. After the development of more than 60 years, electoral system of the people’s congress formed. Through several revisions of electoral law, it has made great progress in some respects. Such as, the universality of deputy, balance between rural and urban areas, the relationship of deputy and constituents, the electoral procedure. However, there are some existing problems. For example, electoral body’s week influence and supervision on deputy, insufficient understanding about candidates, not aggressive constituents, etc. Above problems are based on these reasons. The Constitution on the provisions of the ruling party is not perfect, and the implementation of elite democracy and exercise of deputy authority are inadequate, and so on. China should properly solve the problems on electoral system. Expanding the power of deputies who are elected through direct election, perfecting the removal system, and strengthening containment on deputy might be considered.

Effect of Quality of Supplemental Light on Growth and Development of Grafted Tomato Plug Seedlings

Hao Wei,Xuan Cai,Hai Kyoung Jeong,Chen Liu,Xiuxia Ren,Dong Il Kang,Byoung Ryong Jeong 한국원예학회 2017 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2017 No.10

Postfire reliability analysis of axial load bearing capacity of CFRP retrofitted concrete columns

Cai, Bin,Hao, Liyan,Fu, Feng Techno-Press 2020 Advances in concrete construction Vol.10 No.4

A reliability analysis of the axial compressive load bearing capacity of postfire reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets was presented. A 3D finite element (FE) model was built for heat transfer analysis using software ABAQUS. Based on the temperature distribution obtained from the FE analysis, the residual axial compressive load bearing capacity of RC columns was worked out using the section method. Formulas for calculating the residual axial compressive load bearing capacity of the columns after fire exposure and the axial compressive load bearing capacity of postfire columns retrofitted with CFRP sheets were developed. Then the Monte Carlo method was used to analyze the reliability of the axial compressive load bearing capacity of the RC columns retrofitted with CFRP sheets using a code developed in MATLAB. The effects of fire exposure time, load ratio, number of CFRP layers, concrete cover thickness, and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the reliability of the axial compressive load bearing capacity of the columns after fire were investigated. The results show that within 60 minutes of fire exposure time, the reliability index of the RC columns after retrofitting with two layers of CFRPs can meet the requirements of Chinese code GB 50068 (GB 2001) for safety level II. This method is effective and accurate for the reliability analysis of the axial load bearing capacity of postfire reinforced concrete columns retrofitted with CFRP.

THE ENUMERATION OF ROOTED CUBIC C-NETS

CAI, JUNLIANG,HAO, RONGXIA,LID, YANPEI 한국전산응용수학회 2005 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.18 No.1

This paper is to establish a functional equation satisfied by the generating function for counting rooted cubic c-nets and then to determine the parametric expressions of the equation directly. Meanwhile, the explicit formulae for counting rooted cubic c-nets are derived immediately by employing Lagrangian inversion with one or two parameters. Both of them are summation-free and in which one is just an answer to the open problem (8.6.5) in [1].

COUNING g-ESSENTIAL MAPS ON SURFACES WITH SMALL GENERA

Hao, Rongxia,Cai, Junliang,Liu, Yanpel 한국전산응용수학회 2002 The Korean journal of computational & applied math Vol.9 No.2

This paper provides some functional equations and parametric expressions of f-essential maps on the projective plane, on the torus and on the Klein bottle with the size as a parameter and gives their explicit formulae for exact enumeration further.