Management of malignant central airway obstruction in a tertiary hospital in viet nam

( Giap Vu Van ),( Chau Ngo Quy ),( Ha Pham Ngoc ),( Du Nguyen Ngoc ),( Duc Hoang Anh ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Objective: To evaluate the causes and treatments of patients with malignant central airway obstruction (CAO). Subjects: 37 patients were diagnosed with malignant CAO at Respiratory Center of Bach Mai Hospital. Methods: Retrospective and Prospective, descriptive study. Results: Average age was 53.8 ± 13.1 years. CAO occurred mainly in the 45-59 age group and in men more than women. No significant differences between the number of patients with cancer originated from in (group 1) and out (group 2) of the airway with regard to the number of patients, degree of stenosis and location of stenosis. In group 1, NSCLC accounted for the majority. In group 2, squamous-cell esophageal carcinoma had the highest proportion. The prevalence of patient having treatment was higher than not having treatment statistically. In the treatment group, the number of participants undergoing a combination of airway stent insertion and balloon dilatation was predominant. There were no significant differences in causes or locations or degrees of stenosis respecting treatment modalities. Participants having comfort after treatment accounted for the majority. In no treatment group and treatment group, cumulative proportions surviving were 0% (at 11th month) and 44.3% (at 9th month), respectively. The survival time in the treatment group (15.1 ± 3.4 months) was statistically longer than in no treatment group (4.4 ± 1.9 months) (p = 0.031). Conclusions: Causes of malignant CAO are varied and induce a variety of location and degree of stenosis, thereby leading to diverse treatments. Clinicians need to consider having appropriate treatments for patients to increase their comfort and survival time.

Airway infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

( Vu Van Giap ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is third leading cause of mortality worldwide that induces a high economic and social burden. Cigarette smoking is the most common risk factor, but it is not the only risk factor. There is consistent evidence from studies that airway infection (bacteria or virus or co pathogen) may also develop chronic airflow limitation and COPD. Lower respiratory tract infection during childhood impairs lung growth, causes smaller lung volumes in adulthood. Children with a history of severe respiratory infection has been associated with reduced lung function (FEV1 lowered by 102-650 ml), increased respiratory symptoms in adulthood and developed COPD. HIV patients are increased risk of COPD compared to HIV negative controls. Tuberculosis has also been identified as a risk factor for COPD. Bacterial infection could also contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD including chronic colonization of the lower respiratory tract by bacterial pathogens amplifies the chronic inflammatory response present in COPD and leads to progressive airway obstruction. Viral infection may play a role in driving COPD progression by acting as triggers for exacerbation and subsequent lung function decline. Exacerbations of respiratory symptoms triggered by respiratory infections with bacteria or viruses or coinfection often occur in patients with COPD; a characteristic response with increased inflammation occurs during episodes of infection.

Surveillance Bronchoscopy in Diagnosis and Management of Airway Complications Post Lung Transplantation

( Vu Van Thoi ),( Vu Van Giap ),( Nguyen Huu Uoc ),( Pham Tien Quan ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Lung transplantation has become an increasingly important mode of therapy for patients with a variety of end-stage lung diseases. However, airway complications reduced the post-transplant survival rate. The most common risk factor associated with post-lung transplantation airway complications is anastomotic ischemia and infections. Airway complications include the development of exophytic granulation tissue, bronchial stenosis, broncho malacia, airway fistula, endobronchial infection, and anastomotic dehiscence. The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and management of airway complications is very important. This article reviews the risk factors, describes clinical manifestations, bronchoscopy, and efficacy treatments of airway complications following lung transplantation in Viet Nam through a few clinical successful cases.

Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis

( Vu Van Giap ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-

Tobacco Control Policies in Vietnam: Review on MPOWER Implementation Progress and Challenges

Hoang, Van Minh,Tran, Thu Ngan,Vu, Quynh Mai,Nguyen, Thi Tuyet My,Le, Hong Chung,Vu, Duy Kien,Tran, Tuan Anh,Nguyen, Bao Ngoc,Vu, Van Giap,Nguyen, Manh Cuong,Pham, Duc Manh,Kim, Bao Giang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

In Vietnam, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took effect in March 2005 while MPOWER has been implemented since 2008. This paper describes the progress and challenges of implementation of the MPOWER package in Vietnam. We can report that, in term of monitoring, Vietnam is very active in the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, completing two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and three rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). To protect people from tobacco smoke, Vietnam has issued and enforced a law requiring comprehensive smoking bans at workplaces and public places since 2013. Tobacco advertising and promotion are also prohibited with the exception of points of sale displays of tobacco products. Violations come in the form of promotion girls, corporate social responsibility activities from tobacco manufacturers and packages displayed by retail vendors. Vietnam is one of the 77 countries that require pictorial health warnings to be printed on cigarette packages to warn about the danger of tobacco and the warnings have been implemented effectively. Cigarette tax is 70% of factory price which is equal to less than 45% of retail price and much lower than the recommendation of WHO. However, Vietnam is one of the very few countries that require manufacturers and importers to make "compulsory contributions" at 1-2% of the factory price of cigarettes sold in Vietnam for the establishment of a Tobacco Control Fund (TCF). The TCF is being operated well. In 2015, 67 units of 63 provinces/cities, 22 ministries and political-social organizations and 6 hospitals received funding from TCF to implement a wide range of tobacco control activities. Cessation services have been starting with a a toll-free quit-line but need to be further strengthened. In conclusion, Vietnam has constantly put efforts into the tobacco control field with high commitment from the government, scientists and activists. Though several remarkable achievements have been gained, many challenges remain. To overcome those challenges, implementation strategies that take into account the contextual factors and social determinants of tobacco use in Vietnam are needed.

Diagnosis and Management of Benign Central Airway Stenosis: Experience from Vietnam

( Ngo Quy Chau ),( Giap Vu Van ),( Du Nguyen Ngoc ),( Duc Hoang Anh ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.0

Introduction We present a brief review on the diagnosis and management of the central airway obstruction (CAO) in particular nonmalignant CAO. There are multiple causes. The laryngotracheal stenosis is frequently caused by prolong intubation or tracheostomy with the cuff injury, stomal stenosis, tube tip granulations. The patients with CAO may have non-typical clinical signs such as cough, stridor, wheezing. It is easily overlooked or misdiagnosed. Most patients do not complain of dyspnea until the lumen of the central airway is obstructed by approximately 50%. The first paraclinical exam indicated is Chest CT scans with 2 D or 3 D rendering of tracheo-bronchial tree but the bronchoscopy permit the diagnosis, evaluation of the lesion with degree, location and morphological classsification of stenosis. The management of benign airway stenosis require a multidiscipline team discussion with two options: surgical resection and interventional bronchoscopy. There bronchoscopic interventions with their advantages and inconveniences are discussed: bronchoplasty, electrocautery and airway stent. We present some Experiences from Bach Mai hospital, Vietnam Case 1: 43-year-old male patient was admitted for dyspnea. He had motorcycle accident 2 months before, after the accident, the patient was comatose, had IMV for 1 month. Bronchoscopy: severe membranous stenosis of the subglottic segment, 3cm from the vocal cords. He had intervention with electrocautery then balloon dilation with good success. Case 2: Male patient, 57 years old, admitted to Bach Mai hospital due to wheezing, shortness of breath 3 weeks ago. He had hospital-acquired pneumonia treated at ICU in 2 months, twice intubations, 11 days mechanical ventilation. Bronchoscopy showed membranous stenosis of the trachea, 3cm from the vocal cords. He had intervention with electrocautery then balloon dilation with good success. Case 3: 16-year-old man hospitalized for shortness of breath. History: 6 months before this hospitalization, patients had trafic accident and mechanical ventilation for 2 weeks and tracheostomy. Chest CT: tracheal stenosis above tracheostomy. He had surgical resection of tracheal stenosis but the dyspnea and wheezing persist due to tracheal anastomotic stenosis post operation. After MDT discussion, he had Interventional bronchoscopy - stenting with good success. Case 4: 36 years old male patient, had a traffic accident 4 years ago. He was intubated then tracheostomized. Subsequently, the patient developed tracheal stenosis and had a metallic stent through flexible bronchoscopy. After intervention, metallic stent was displaced many times, the patient had to undergo the surgery to fix the stent to the trachea. For one year, he had many episodes of shortness of breath with wheezing. Chest CT scan and bronchoscopy showed the tracheal stenosis below the metallic stent. He was transfert to BACH MAI hospital. He had surgical remove of metallic stent. A silicone stent was put through rigid bronchoscopy sucessfully. Case 5: A male patient 34 years old. He had a traumatic brain injury requiring craniotomy. After the surgery, the patient presented a tracheal stenosis post intubation. He had long term tracheostomy with several unsuccessful remove. MDT discussion: interventional bronchoscopy with tracheal stent. Due to the fixation of cervical spine post accident, we had first perfomed the tracheotomy then used rigid bronchoscopy to put the tracheal stent through the tracheotomy. In conclusions Tracheal stenosis can be difficult to treat and necessitate a multi-disciplinary approach in order to offer the best available solution for each patient. Intervention Bronchoscopy can provide durable successful results in selected patients. We had bronchoplasty, electrocautery, balloon dilation, rigid bronchoscopy, stent. We need to apply and developpe more other interventional bronchoscopy such as laser.

Relative Importance of Different Attributes of Graphic Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages in Viet Nam

Kim, Bao Giang,Le, Hong Chung,Hoang, Van Minh,Vu, Duy Kien,Vu, Van Giap,Nguyen, Duc Hinh,Nguyen, Manh Cuong,Pham, Duc Manh,Ha, Anh Duc,Yang, Jui-Chen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Graphic health warnings (GHW) on tobacco packages have proven to be effective in increasing quit attempts among smokers and reducing initial smoking among adolescents. This research aimed to examine the relative importance of different attributes of graphic health warnings on tobacco packages in Viet Nam. A discrete choice experimental (DCE) design was applied with a conditional logit model. In addition, a ranking method was used to list from the least to the most dreadful GHW labels. With the results from DCE model, graphic type was shown to be the most important attribute, followed by cost and coverage area of GHW. The least important attribute was position of the GHW. Among 5 graphic types (internal lung cancer image, external damaged teeth, abstract image, human suffering image and text), the image of lung cancer was found to have the strongest influence on both smokers and non-smokers. With ranking method, the image of throat cancer and heart diseases were considered the most dreadful images. GHWs should be designed with these attributes in mind, to maximise influence on purchase among both smokers and non-smokers.

Homogeneous Disturbance Observer Based on Sliding Mode Observer and Controller for T-Type Inverter

Do Tuan Anh,Pham Quoc Huy,Giap Van Nam,Nguyen Quang Dich,Vu Phuong 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.3

This paper proposes a novel sliding mode control (SMC) for the T-Type inverter in the standalone mode. Firstly, the accuracy of the estimated states used to construct the fxed-time SMC and the disturbance observer (DOB) is improved by a proposed sliding mode observer (SMO). Secondly, a DOB is designed without the requirement of the frst derivative or the format of the disturbance. Thirdly, an advanced reaching law is utilized for both the SMO, the DOB, and the SMC controller for the chattering elimination. Fourth, the stability of the proposed controller is confrmed by the Lyapunov condition. The performance of the proposed control strategy is validated by simulations and experiments with the same scenarios of nonlinear load and parameter variations. The results prove that the output voltage of the proposed control method meets the standard EN 62040 with the total harmonic distortion being lower than 5% in all cases, which is superior to the performance of the traditional controller.

Effect of increasing levels of rice distillers' by-product on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and colonic microbiota of weaned piglets

Cong, Oanh Nguyen,Taminiau, Bernard,Kim, Dang Pham,Daube, Georges,Van, Giap Nguyen,Bindelle, Jerome,Fall, Papa Abdulaye,Dinh, Ton Vu,Hornick, Jean-Luc Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.5

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing different wet rice distillers' by-product (RDP) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Methods: A total of 48 weaned castrated male crossbred pigs, initial body weight 7.54±0.97 kg, and age about 4 wks, were used in this experiment. The piglets were randomly allocated into three iso-nitrogenous diet groups that were fed either a control diet, a diet with 15% RDP, or a diet with 30% RDP for a total of 35 days. Chromium oxide was used for apparent digestibility measurements. On d 14 and d 35, half of the piglets were randomly selected for hemato-biochemical and gut microbiota evaluations. Results: Increasing inclusion levels of RDP tended to linearly increase (p≤0.07) average daily gain on d 14 and d 35, and decreased (p = 0.08) feed conversion ratio on d 35. Empty stomach weight increased (p = 0.03) on d 35 while digestibility of diet components decreased. Serum globulin concentration decreased on d 14 (p = 0.003) and red blood cell count tended to decrease (p = 0.06) on d 35, parallel to increase RDP levels. Gene amplicon profiling of 16S rRNA revealed that the colonic microbiota composition of weaned pigs changed by inclusion of RDP over the period. On d 14, decreased proportions of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge, and increased proportions of Prevotellaceae_ge, Prevotella_2, and Prevotella_9 were found with inclusion of RDP, whereas opposite effect was found on d 35. Additionally, the proportion of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge in RDP diets decreased over periods in control diet but increased largely in diet with 30% RDP. Conclusion: These results indicate that RDP in a favorable way modulate gastrointestinal microbiota composition and improve piglet performance despite a negative impact on digestibility of lipids and gross energy.