Proteomic Analysis of Global Changes in Protein Expression During Exposure of Gamma Radiation in Bacillus sp. HKG 112 Isolated from Saline Soil

( Gupta Anil Kumar ),( Rajiv Pathak ),( Bharat Singh ),( Hemlata Gautam ),( Ram Kumar ),( Raj Kumar ),( Rajesh Arora ),( Hemant K. Gautam ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.6

A Gram-positive bacterium was isolated from the saline soils of Jangpura (U.P.), India, and showed high-level of radiation-resistant property and survived upto 12.5 kGy dose of gamma radiation. The 16S rDNA sequence of this strain was examined, identified as Bacillus sp. strain HKG 112, and was submitted to the NCBI GenBank (Accession No. GQ925432). The mechanism of radiation resistance and gene level expression were examined by proteomic analysis of whole-cell extract. Two proteins, 38 kDa and 86.5 kDa excised from SDS-PAGE, which showed more significant changes after radiation exposure, were identified by MALDI-TOF as being flagellin and S-layer protein, respectively. Twenty selected 2-DE protein spots from the crude extracts of Bacillus sp. HKG 112, excised from 2- DE, were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) out of which 16 spots showed significant changes after radiation exposure and might be responsible for the radiation resistance property. Our results suggest that the different responses of some genes under radiation for the expression of radiation-dependent proteins could contribute to a physiological advantage and would be a significant initial step towards a fullsystem understanding of the radiation stress protection mechanisms of bacteria in different environments.

Analytical Model of Double Gate MOSFET for High Sensitivity Low Power Photosensor

Gautam, Rajni,Saxena, Manoj,Gupta, R.S.,Gupta, Mridula The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.5

In this paper, a high-sensitivity low power photodetector using double gate (DG) MOSFET is proposed for the first time using change in subthreshold current under illumination as the sensitivity parameter. An analytical model for optically controlled double gate (DG) MOSFET under illumination is developed to demonstrate that it can be used as high sensitivity photodetector and simulation results are used to validate the analytical results. Sensitivity of the device is compared with conventional bulk MOSFET and results show that DG MOSFET has higher sensitivity over bulk MOSFET due to much lower dark current obtained in DG MOSFET because of its effective gate control. Impact of the silicon film thickness and gate stack engineering is also studied on sensitivity.

Analytical Model of Double Gate MOSFET for High Sensitivity Low Power Photosensor

Rajni Gautam,Manoj Saxena,R. S.Gupta,Mridula Gupta 대한전자공학회 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.5

In this paper, a high-sensitivity low power photodetector using double gate (DG) MOSFET is proposed for the first time using change in subthreshold current under illumination as the sensitivity parameter. An analytical model for optically controlled double gate (DG) MOSFET under illumination is developed to demonstrate that it can be used as high sensitivity photodetector and simulation results are used to validate the analytical results. Sensitivity of the device is compared with conventional bulk MOSFET and results show that DG MOSFET has higher sensitivity over bulk MOSFET due to much lower dark current obtained in DG MOSFET because of its effective gate control. Impact of the silicon film thickness and gate stack engineering is also studied on sensitivity.

Hyaluronic acid-capped compact silica-supported mesoporous titania nanoparticles for ligand-directed delivery of doxorubicin

Gupta, Biki,Poudel, Bijay Kumar,Ruttala, Hima Bindu,Regmi, Shobha,Pathak, Shiva,Gautam, Milan,Jin, Sung Giu,Jeong, Jee-Heon,Choi, Han-Gon,Ku, Sae Kwang,Yong, Chul Soon,Kim, Jong Oh Elsevier 2018 ACTA BIOMATERIALIA Vol.80 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mesoporous titania nanoparticles (MTN), owing to their high surface area to volume ratio and tunable pore sizes, appear capable of delivering sizable amounts of drug payloads, and hence, show considerable promise as drug delivery candidates in cancer therapy. We designed silica-supported MTN (MTNst) coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to effectively deliver doxorubicin (DOX) for breast cancer therapy. The HA coating served a dual purpose of stabilizing the payload in the carriers as well as actively targeting the nanodevices to CD44 receptors. The so-formed HA-coated MTNst carrying DOX (HA/DOX-MTNst) had spheroid particles with a considerable drug-loading capacity and showed significantly superior in vitro cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells as compared to free DOX. HA/DOX-MTNst markedly improved the cellular uptake of DOX in an apparently CD44 receptor-dependent manner, and increased the number of apoptotic cells as compared to free DOX. These nanoplatforms accumulated in large quantities in the tumors of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor-bearing mice, where they significantly enhanced the inhibition of tumor growth compared to that observed with free DOX with no signs of acute toxicity. Based on these excellent results, we deduced that HA/DOX-MTNst could be successfully used for targeted breast cancer therapy.</P> <P><B>Statement of Significance</B></P> <P>This is the first study to use silica-supported mesoporous titania nanoparticles (MTNst) for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery to treat breast cancer, which exhibited effective and enhanced in vitro and in vivo apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition. Solid silica was used to support the mesoporous TiO<SUB>2</SUB> resulting in MTNst, which efficiently incorporated a high DOX payload. The hyaluronic acid (HA) coating over the MTNst surface served a dual purpose of first, stabilizing DOX inside the MTNst (capping agent), and second, directing the nanoplatform device to CD44 receptors that are highly expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells (targeting ligand). The NPs exhibited highly efficacious in vitro tumor-cell killing and excellent in vivo tumor regression, highlighting the enormous promise of this system for breast cancer therapy.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Folate receptor-targeted hybrid lipid-core nanocapsules for sequential delivery of doxorubicin and tanespimycin

Gupta, Biki,Pathak, Shiva,Poudel, Bijay Kumar,Regmi, Shobha,Ruttala, Hima Bindu,Gautam, Milan,Lee, Jong Seong,Jeong, Jee-Heon,Choi, Han-Gon,Yong, Chul Soon,Kim, Jong Oh Elsevier 2017 Colloids and surfaces Biointerfaces Vol.155 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>When exposed to cancer cells, cytotoxic drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) can lead to the induction of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a molecular chaperone associated with a number of cancer-related client proteins, and result in cell survival. Co-administration of DOX with tanespimycin (TNP), an Hsp90 inhibitor, can sensitize the cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of DOX. The effect of such a combination has been found to depend on the schedule of administration. Sequential administration of DOX and TNP has been linked to highly synergistic combination effects. Therefore, we aimed to develop folate-receptor targeted hybrid lipid-core nanocapsules comprising a hybrid lipid core lodging TNP and a polymeric corona lodging DOX (F-DTN). These nanocarriers were capable of delivering DOX and TNP sequentially, which was well demonstrated by an <I>in vitro</I> release study. The <I>in vitro</I> release profiles displayed pH-dependent and sustained release features. F-DTN exhibited excellent morphological characteristics with highly monodispersed particles. <I>In vitro</I> tests with F-DTN in MCF-7 cell line demonstrated exceptional cytotoxicity, with high cellular uptake and apoptosis. These findings were appreciably more assertive than tests with free individual drugs (DOX, TNP), free drug combination (DOX/TNP), or non-folate receptor-targeted hybrid lipid-core nanocapsules (DTN). <I>In vivo</I> pharmacokinetic study revealed noticeable enhancement of bioavailability and plasma circulation time of the drugs when encapsulated in the carrier system. Therefore, hybrid lipid-core nanocapsules have the potential to be utilized for application in folate receptor-targeted combination chemotherapy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hybrid lipid-core nanocapsules for doxorubicin and tanespimycin sequential delivery. </LI> <LI> Sequential, pH-dependent, and sustained release characteristics. </LI> <LI> Highly monodispersed spherical nanoparticles with excellent morphology. </LI> <LI> Exceptional cytotoxicity with high cellular uptake and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. </LI> <LI> Increased bioavailability and plasma circulation in Sprague-Dawley rats. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Polyamino Acid Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Constructed Silica-Supported Mesoporous Titania Nanocarriers for Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of microRNA 708 and Paclitaxel for Combined Chemotherapy

Gupta, Biki,Ruttala, Hima Bindu,Poudel, Bijay Kumar,Pathak, Shiva,Regmi, Shobha,Gautam, Milan,Poudel, Kishwor,Sung, Min Hyun,Ou, Wenquan,Jin, Sung Giu,Jeong, Jee-Heon,Ku, Sae Kwang,Choi, Han-Gon,Yong, American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.29

<P>Cellular Fas-associated protein with death domain-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), often strongly expressed in numerous cancers, plays a pivotal role in thwarting apoptosis and inducing chemotherapy resistance in cancer. An integrated approach combining chemotherapy with suppression of c-FLIP levels could prove paramount in the treatment of cancers with c-FLIP overexpression. In this study, we utilized a polymeric layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of silica-supported mesoporous titania nanoparticles (MTNst) to co-deliver paclitaxel (PTX) and microRNA 708 (miR708) for simultaneous chemotherapy and c-FLIP suppression in colorectal carcinoma. The resulting LbL miR708/PTX-MTNst showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HCT-116 and DLD-1 colorectal carcinoma cell lines, which was remarkably superior to that of free PTX or LbL PTX-MTNst. LbL miR708/PTX-MTNst strongly inhibited c-FLIP expression and resulted in increased expression of proapoptotic proteins. In DLD-1 xenograft tumor-bearing mice, the nanoparticles accumulated in the tumor, resulting in remarkable tumor regression, with the PTX and miR708-loaded nanoparticles showing significantly greater inhibitory effects than the free PTX or PTX-loaded nanoparticles. Immunohistochemical analyses of the tumors further confirmed the remarkable apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of the nanoparticles, whereas organ histology reinforced the biocompatibility of the system. Therefore, the LbL miR708/PTX-MTNst system, owing to its ability to deliver both chemotherapeutic drug and inhibitory miRNA to the tumor site, shows great potential to treat colorectal carcinoma in clinical settings.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Aerosol technique-based carbon-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy

Gautam, Milan,Thapa, Raj Kumar,Poudel, Bijay Kumar,Gupta, Biki,Ruttala, Hima Bindu,Nguyen, Hanh Thuy,Soe, Zar Chi,Ou, Wenquan,Poudel, Kishwor,Choi, Han-Gon,Ku, Sae Kwang,Yong, Chul Soon,Kim, Jong Oh Elsevier 2019 Acta Biomaterialia: structure-property-function re Vol.88 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Near-infrared (NIR)-responsive drug delivery systems have enhanced tumor ablative efficiency through permeation and retention effects. Graphene oxide (GO) has shown great potential both in photothermal therapy and in drug delivery. Thus, in this study, we designed an ambient spark-generated GO, wrapped on topotecan (TPT)-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN-NH2-TPT-CGO), to function as an efficient platform for pH-dependent sustained release of TPT. HMSN-NH2-TPT-CGO also exhibited a combined chemo-photothermal effect within a single carrier system. This developed system was stable with a uniform particle size (∼190 nm) and was demonstrated to possess a sufficient heat-absorbing capacity to induce tumor cell ablation. We performed the ablation of tumor cells both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> in combination with photothermal therapy and chemotherapy using the spark-generated functional GO and HMSN. The prepared nanocarriers demonstrated high cellular uptake, apoptosis, and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. <I>In vivo</I> study using the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model revealed the ultraefficient tumor ablative performance of HMSN-NH2-TPT-CGO compared with that of free TPT, with no toxic effect on vital organs. Altogether, the optimized nanocarriers presented a significant potential to act as a vehicle for cancer treatment.</P> <P><B>Statement of Significance</B></P> <P>This is the first study that uses spark-generated graphene oxide nanoflakes to cover the topotecan (TPT)-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) to treat breast cancer. Dense silica was used as a hard template to prepare the HMSNs attributing to a high drug payload. The concentration of Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> was precisely controlled to minimize the silica etching time within 70 min. The use of the nanographene flakes served a dual purpose, first, by acting as a capping agent to prevent the premature release of drug and, second, by serving as a nano heater that significantly ablates the tumor cells. The prepared nanocarriers (NCs) exhibited effective and enhanced <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> apoptosis, as well as significant tumor growth inhibition even after 15 days of treatment time, with no toxic effect to the vital organs. The NCs enhanced <I>in vitro</I> tumor cell killing effects and served as an effective carrier for <I>in vivo</I> tumor regression, thereby highlighting the enormous potential of this system for breast cancer therapy.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effect of Closed Suction Drain on Blood Loss and Transfusion Rates in Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Study

( Anoop Jhurani ),( Gautam M. Shetty ),( Vinay Gupta ),( Purvi Saxena B. Tech ),( Nidhi Singh M. Pharm ) 대한슬관절학회 2016 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Purpose: Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with excessive blood loss and morbidity arising from postoperative reduction in hemoglobin (Hb). The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to determine if drains have any effect on blood loss, postoperative reduction in Hb levels and transfusion rates compared to no drainage in simultaneous bilateral TKAs. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirty patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA by a single surgeon were randomly allotted to drain or no-drain group (n=115 in each group). Postoperative Hb level, blood loss volume and transfusion rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean postoperative Hb level (p=0.38), blood loss volume (p=0.33) and transfusion rate (p=0.52) in the drain group were not significantly different compared to the no-drain group. No statistical difference was found in terms of complications, readmissions and mortality rates between the two groups. Conclusions: No significant difference was observed in the two groups with respect to blood loss and blood transfusion. Non-drainage does not offer an advantage over drainage with respect to conserving blood in simultaneous bilateral TKA.

Experimental, modeling and RSM optimization of CO2 loading for an aqueous blend of diethylenetriamine and 3-dimethyl amino-1-propanol

Akhil Kumar Gupta,Ashish Gautam,Monoj Kumar Mondal 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.5

Post-combustion CO2 capture by aqueous amine solvent is one of the most promising methods for mitigating the presence of CO2 in the environment. In this work, a novel amine blend of Diethylenetriamine and 3-Dimethyl amino-1-propanol was selected. Experiments were performed in the temperature range of 293.15–323.25 K, mole fraction of diethylenetriamine in the range of 0.05–0.2, partial pressure of CO2 in the range of 10.13–25.33 kPa and solution concentration in the range of 1–3 mol·L−1. Effects of these parameters on equilibrium CO2 loading were judged at various operating conditions. An empirical model was developed for the calculation of equilibrium CO2 loading in the aqueous amine blend. The heat of absorption of CO2 for this amine blend was found to be −65.22 kJ·mol−1. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization and a quadratic model was selected. The analysis of variance was used to prove the significance of the selected model. Three-dimensional diagrams and contour plots of independent variables were also shown. Optimum CO2 loading by RSM was found to be 1.068 mol CO2·mol amine−1 at temperature 294.15 K, mole fraction of diethylenetriamine 0.20, solution concentration 1.3 mol/l, and partial pressure of CO2 24.22 kPa.

Agricultural Protectionism and Welfare in a Small Open Economy

( Sugata Marjit ),( Gautam Gupta ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1995 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.10 No.4

The recently concluded multilateral trade agreement, GATT, proposes to reduce export subsidies on agricultural items. This paper discusses, in a general equilibrium framework, the welfare implications of such a move on a small open economy that imports as well as exports agricultural products. The paper shows that, depending upon the pattern of agricultural trade as a whole, the volume of trade and price sensitivity of import demand, the welfare implications of agricultural trade liberalization can go either way.