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Pathak, Shiva,Regmi, Shobha,Gupta, Biki,Pham, Tung Thanh,Yong, Chul Soon,Kim, Jong Oh,Yook, Simmyung,Kim, Jae-Ryong,Park, Min Hui,Bae, Young Kyung,Jeong, Jee-Heon Federation of American Societies for Experimental 2017 The FASEB Journal Vol. No.
<P>An alternative route for pancreatic islet transplantation is the subcutaneous space; however, inadequate vascularization in the subcutaneous space limits the availability of oxygen and nutrients to the subcutaneously transplanted islets, which leads to the development of a necrotic core in the islets, thereby causing islet dysfunction. Thus, we aimed to prevent the early apoptosis of pancreatic islets after transplantation into subcutaneous space by preparing islet clusters of appropriate size. We prepared fully functional islet cell clusters (ICCs) by using the hanging-drop technique. We optimized the size of ICCs on the basis of viability and functionality after culture in an hypoxic environment. We transplanted ICCs into the subcutaneous space of diabetic mice and evaluated the viability of the islets at the transplantation site. In an hypoxic environment, ICCs exhibited improved viability and functionality compared with control islets. ICCs, upon transplantation into the hypoxic subcutaneous space of diabetic mice, showed better glycemic control compared with control islets. Live/dead imaging of the islets after retrieval fromthe transplanted area revealed significantly reduced apoptosis in ICCs. Transplantation of ICCsmay be an attractive strategy to prevent islet cell apoptosis that results from nonimmune-mediated physiologic stress at the transplantation site.-Pathak, S., Regmi, S., Gupta, B., Pham, T. T., Yong, C. S., Kim, J. O., Yook, S., Kim, J.-R., Park, M. H., Bae, Y. K., Jeong, J.-H. Engineeredislet cell clusters transplanted into subcutaneous space are superior to pancreatic islets in diabetes.</P>
Pathak, H.K.,Agarwal, R.P.,Cho, Y.J. Koninklijke Vlaamse Ingenieursvereniging ; Elsevie 2015 Journal of computational and applied mathematics Vol.283 No.-
In this paper, we consider some problems on coincidence point and fixed point theorems for multi-valued mappings. Applying the characterizations of P-functions, we establish some new existence theorems for coincidence point and fixed point distinct from Nadler's fixed point theorem, Berinde-Berinde's fixed point theorem, Mizoguchi-Takahashi's fixed point theorem and Du's fixed point theorem for nonlinear multi-valued contractive mappings in complete metric spaces. Our results compliment and extend the main results given by some authors in the literature. In the sequel, we consider a nonconvex integral inclusion and prove the Filippov type existence theorem by using an appropriate norm on the space of selection of a multi-function and a multi-valued contraction for set-valued mappings.
Laser dynamics in transversely inhomogeneous plasma and its relevance to wakefield acceleration
Pathak, V B,Vieira, J,Silva, L O,Nam, Chang Hee IOP 2018 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.60 No.5
<P>We present full set of coupled equations describing the weakly relativistic dynamics of a laser in a plasma with transverse inhomogeneity. We apply variational principle approach to obtain these coupled equations governing laser spot-size, transverse wavenumber, curvature, transverse centroid, etc. We observe that such plasma inhomogeneity can lead to stronger self-focusing. We further discuss the guiding conditions of laser in parabolic plasma channels. With the help of multi-dimensional particle in cell simulations the study is extended to the blowout regime of laser wakefield acceleration to show laser as well as self-injected electron bunch steering in plasma to generate unconventional particle trajectories. Our simulation results demonstrate that such transverse inhomogeneities due to asymmetric self focusing lead to asymmetric bubble excitation, thus inducing off-axis self-injection.</P>
Pathak, A.K.,Dutta, Narayan,Banerjee, P.S.,Pattanaik, A.K.,Sharma, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.10
The study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of leaf meal mixture (LMM) containing condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, nutrient utilization and performance of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. Eighteen adult sheep of similar age and body weight ($25.03{\pm}1.52$) were included in this study and out of these, 12 sheep were infected with single dose of infective third stage larvae of H. contortus at 2,000 larvae per sheep. The experimental sheep were allocated in three different groups' i.e. negative control (NC; no infection), control (C; H. contortus infected) and treatment (T; H. contortus infected+CT at 1.5% of the DM through LMM) and the experiment was conducted for a period of 90 d. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and digestibility of DM, OM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were comparable among three animal groups. However, digestibility of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in NC group as compared to both C and T groups. Nitrogen (N) retention (g/d or % of N intake) was significantly (p = 0.038) lower in C group as compared to T and NC groups. Daily intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) of digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible organic matter (DOM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) did not differ significantly (p<0.05) in the three groups. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in treatment group as compared to control. The level of Hb and PCV reduced (p<0.001) after 30 days of experimental feeding. CT significantly (p<0.001) reduced serum urea in T group as compared to NC and C groups. Serum proteins differed significantly (p<0.01) among the three groups. The activity of serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and LDH were also statistically non significant (p<0.05) among treatments. The weight of abomasal lymph nodes (ALN) in T group was higher (p<0.05) than in C group. Treatment group had lower (p<0.05) total worms and fecal egg count compared to control group. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of CT through LMM significantly improved the N retention, and inhibited the different developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus in experimental sheep.
Determinants of Customers Churn in Emerging Telecom Markets - A Study Of Indian Cellular Subscribers
Pathak Kavita,Sanjay Rastogi 한국마케팅과학회 2007 마케팅과학연구 Vol.17 No.4
Marketing is said to be a zero sum game i.e. each gain of customer for a firm is always at the expense of some other firm’s customers. Therefore in a marketplace churn is a natural occurrence. Chum in Indian tele∞m market is among the highest in growing telecom markets. By using binary logistics regression analysis based models based covering a sample of 822 Indian telecom subscribers; this paper attempts to examine the determinants of churn. The future churn is found to be dependent on satisfaction level of the customer with the service provider, attitude and loyally of the customer variables, intended churn (i.e. intention to churn) and current loyally (defined as intention to recommend) and distraction (i.e. intention to experiment).
Pathak, A.,Singh, P.,Dhama, P.,Dastidar, M.G.,Kim, D.J.,Heyes, G. Maney Publishing 2014 Canadian metallurgical quarterly Vol.53 No.1
The present study investigated the changes in nutrient profile of sewage sludge during bioleaching in a batch mode of operation. The study identified the optimum bioleaching period at which maximum solubilisation of metals is achieved while maintaining the fertilising property of the bioleached sludge. The bioleaching experiments were performed using anaerobically digested sewage sludge by employing indigenous iron and sulphur oxidising microorganisms. The results showed that bioleaching using sulphur oxidising microorganisms is comparatively advantageous due to the higher solubilisation of heavy metals. However, despite its high potential in solubilisation of heavy metals from the sludge, the bioleaching process resulted in the undesirable dissolution/loss of sludge bound nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), thus making the sludge less attractive for land application as a fertiliser. After 16 days of bioleaching about 45% of the nitrogen and 34% of the phosphorus were leached from the sludge using indigenous iron oxidising microorganisms, whereas about 78% of the nitrogen and 56% of the phosphorus were leached using indigenous sulphur oxidising microorganisms. The findings indicated that the fertilising property of the sewage sludge can be maintained by conducting the process for a shorter duration of time (up to 10 days). The optimum bioleaching period was 10 days where about 85%Cu, 71%Ni, 91%Zn and 61%Cr were solubilised from the sludge while the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus was only 56 and 51% respectively, by using sulphur oxidising microorganisms. The heavy metals remaining in the bioleached sludge were mostly in the residual fraction ensuring the safe disposal of bioleached sludge for land application as a fertiliser.
Pathak, M.S.,Singh, N.,Singh, Vijay,Watanabe, S.,Gundu Rao, T.K.,Seshadri, M.,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2018 Journal of luminescence Vol.204 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Phosphors with the composition Ca<SUB>1-x</SUB>Gd<SUB>x</SUB>Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (x = 0.0025–0.09) were synthesized by a simple combustion route in a short time. The formation of the as-prepared combustion products was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction analysis, indicating the formation of a monoclinic phase. The PL spectroscopy assessment shows that with increasing Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> concentration, the ultraviolet emission from Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> at 314 nm (<SUP>6</SUP>P<SUB>7/2</SUB>→<SUP>8</SUP>S<SUB>7/2</SUB>) progressively enhanced. The Gd<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped CaAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> displays electron spin resonance signals with the effective g values at <I>g</I> ≈ 1.95, 2.9, and 3.7. Additional lines were also observed at the approximate g values of ~2.2 and 5.3. Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> ion located in the distorted surroundings and experiencing relatively strong crystal field, give rise to low field lines. Distorted surroundings in the present system may result from the nearness of the charge compensator oxygen vacancies.</P>
Pathak, Shiva,Regmi, Shobha,Gupta, Biki,Poudel, Bijay K.,Pham, Tung Thanh,Kim, Jae-Ryong,Park, Pil-Hoon,Yong, Chul Soon,Kim, Jong Oh,Bae, Young Kyung,Kim, Sang Kyoon,Jeong, Jee-Heon American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.39
<P>Hypoxic or near-anoxic conditions that occur in the core of transplanted islets induce necrosis and apoptosis during the early stages after transplantation, primarily due to loss of vascularization during the isolation process. Moreover, secretion of various cytokines from pancreatic islets is detrimental to the viability of islet cells in vitro. In this study, we aimed to protect pancreatic islet cells against apoptosis by establishing a method for in situ delivery of curcumin to the pancreatic islets. Self-assembled heterospheroids composed of pancreatic islet cells and curcumin-loaded polymeric micro spheres were prepared by the three-dimensional cell culture technique. Release of curcumin in the microenvironment of pancreatic islets promoted survival of the islets. In hypoxic culture conditions, which mimic the in vivo conditions after transplantation, viability of the islets was significantly improved, as indicated by a decreased expression of pro-apoptotic protein and an increased expression of anti-apoptotic protein. Additionally, oxidative stress-induced cell death was suppressed. Thus, unlike co-transplantation of pancreatic islets and free microspheres, which provided a wide distribution of microspheres throughout the transplanted area, the heterospheroid transplantation resulted in colocalization of pancreatic islet cells and microspheres, thereby exerting beneficial effects on the cells.</P>