http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
배성직 ( Sung-jik Bae ),( Gary Clark ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2004 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.5 No.3
전환교육은 장애학생의 성공적인 전환을 이루기 위한 핵심적인 교육계획으로 여겨지고 있다. 하지만, 전환 평가에 관한 연구는 전환 프로그램의 효과 및 인식에 관한 연구에 있어서 중요한 부분임에도 불구하고 부족한 실정에 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 미국에서의 전환교육과 평가에 대한 연구 동향을 제시하였으며, 전환평가와 관련한 국내 문헌을 고찰하였는데, 여기에는 전환 연구에 대한 3편의 논문 리뷰들과 13편의 전환 프로그램 효과에 관한 연구 및 9편의 전환 교육 인식에 관한 연구들이 포함되어 있다. 이 연구들의 분석에 기초하여 전환교육과 전환 평가에 대한 연구결과의 요약 및 미래 연구에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다. 연구의 결과로서는 첫째, 장애학생의 전환 능력을 평가하고자 하는 요구들이 있다. 둘째, 전환 프로그램의 효과 및 추적 연구조사에 적합한 도구가 필요하다. 마지막으로, 장애 영역에구분됨이 없이 전환에 필요한 주요 영역을 평가할 수 있는 도구가 필요하다는 것이다. Transition education in Korea is evolving and the expectations for students are changing. Students are expected to be involved in their IEP meetings and transition education actively contributes to make a bridge from school to society for students with disabilities. The role of transition assessment is an ongoing monitoring process on students`` progress and readiness for transition. Reviewing the studies on transition area will provide important implications for developing new programs and planning next transition. To achieve the goal of this study, we analgize three literature review articles on transition issues. Second, we collect and find implications from 13 experimental studies focusing on effects of transition programs and 8 experimental studies focusing on students, parents, and teachers`` perceptions of transition. Finally, we suggest issues and trends of transition assessment for the future and the needs of developing a Korean transition assessment.
Challenges of Inclusive Early Childhood Education in Taiwan : Perspectives of Teachers
Tien, Kai-Chien,Clark, Gary M. 국립특수교육원 2007 The Asia-Pacific Journal of Inclusive Education Vol.4 No.-
The purpose of this study was to examine preschool teachers' perceptions of the challenges of implementing inclusion in early childhood education in Taiwan. Two focus groups were conducted in Taipei, Taiwan involving 11 participants, each of whom had been working in inclusive classrooms in public preschools for multiple years. After all the data were transcribed, the data were analyzed using a constant comparative method of qualitative analysis. Five themes emerged ; (a) teacher perceptions, (b) partnership/collaboration issues, (c) instruction and curriculum issues, (d) support system issues, and (e) professional knowledge issues. Together, the five themes provided a general picture of what challenges preschool teachers are facing in implementing inclusion in early childhood education in Taipei, Taiwan.
Kim, Joung-Min,Clark, Gary M. 국립특수교육원 2007 The Asia-Pacific Journal of Inclusive Education Vol.4 No.-
The purpose of this study was to investigate parents' of general education classroom students perceptions regarding bullying in inclusive education classrooms in South Korea. In addition, the parents' opinions about inclusion also were included. A questionnaire was distributed to 150 parents of general elementary education classroom students and 120 parents responded. Results of this study revealed that most parents of general education students did not agree with the current inclusion system because they did not feel that Korean society is ready to adapt to a system of inclusion. The perception of most parents regarding bullying in inclusive classroom is that special education students are easy targets for bullies. Although the parents were aware of bullying and agree it is a problem, they think it only affects a small number of special education students and are unaware of the extent of bullying that goes on.
Financial toxicity in patients with gynecologic malignancies: a cross sectional study
Burak Zeybek,Emily Webster,Natalia Pogosian,Joan Tymon-Rosario,Alan Balch,Gary Altwerger,Mitchell Clark,Gulden Menderes,Gloria Huang,Masoud Azodi,Elena S. Ratner,Peter E. Schwartz,Alessandro D. Santin 대한부인종양학회 2021 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.32 No.6
Objective: To evaluate financial toxicity and assess its risk factors among patients with gynecologic cancers. Methods: This is a cross sectional study that included 2 survey tools, as well as patient demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment regimen. Financial toxicity is measured by validated Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) tool. Participants were also asked to complete a 55-question-survey on attitudes and perspectives surrounding cost of care. Descriptive statistics was used to report patient demographics. Spearman's rank correlation was calculated to assess the relation between financial toxicity and patient/ disease related variables. Graphpad Prism Software Version 8.0 was used for analyses. Results: A total of 50 patients with various gynecologic malignancies were enrolled. Median COST score was 20.5 (range, 1–33). Sixty-five percent of the patients reported being in debt due to their cancer care and 4% filed bankruptcy. Correlation analysis showed that COST score was correlated with age (r=−0.3, p=0.028), malignancy type (r=0.3, p=0.039) and income (r=0.3, p=0.047). Ovarian cancer patients had significantly less financial toxicity (median COST score=23) when compared to patients with other gynecologic malignancies (median COST score=17, p=0.043). When scores were dichotomized into low (score ≥22) and high toxicity (score <22), 58% (29/50) of the patients were noted to have high financial toxicity. Enrollment to a clinical trial did not significantly alleviate financial burden. Conclusion: Financial toxicity is a significant burden even among highly insured gynecologic oncology patients. Age, malignancy type and income were correlated with high financial burden.