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Practical Implementation and Stability Analysis of ALOHA-Q for Wireless Sensor Networks
Selahattin Kosunalp,Paul Daniel Mitchell,David Grace,Tim Clarke 한국전자통신연구원 2016 ETRI Journal Vol.38 No.5
This paper presents the description, practical implementation, and stability analysis of a recently proposed, energy-efficient, medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks, ALOHA-Q, which employs a reinforcement-learning framework as an intelligent transmission strategy. The channel performance is evaluated through a simulation and experiments conducted using a real-world test-bed. The stability of the system against possible changes in the environment and changing channel conditions is studied with a discussion on the resilience level of the system. A Markov model is derived to represent the system behavior and estimate the time in which the system loses its operation. A novel scheme is also proposed to protect the lifetime of the system when the environment and channel conditions do not sufficiently maintain the system operation.
Financial toxicity in patients with gynecologic malignancies: a cross sectional study
Burak Zeybek,Emily Webster,Natalia Pogosian,Joan Tymon-Rosario,Alan Balch,Gary Altwerger,Mitchell Clark,Gulden Menderes,Gloria Huang,Masoud Azodi,Elena S. Ratner,Peter E. Schwartz,Alessandro D. Santin 대한부인종양학회 2021 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.32 No.6
Objective: To evaluate financial toxicity and assess its risk factors among patients with gynecologic cancers. Methods: This is a cross sectional study that included 2 survey tools, as well as patient demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment regimen. Financial toxicity is measured by validated Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) tool. Participants were also asked to complete a 55-question-survey on attitudes and perspectives surrounding cost of care. Descriptive statistics was used to report patient demographics. Spearman's rank correlation was calculated to assess the relation between financial toxicity and patient/ disease related variables. Graphpad Prism Software Version 8.0 was used for analyses. Results: A total of 50 patients with various gynecologic malignancies were enrolled. Median COST score was 20.5 (range, 1–33). Sixty-five percent of the patients reported being in debt due to their cancer care and 4% filed bankruptcy. Correlation analysis showed that COST score was correlated with age (r=−0.3, p=0.028), malignancy type (r=0.3, p=0.039) and income (r=0.3, p=0.047). Ovarian cancer patients had significantly less financial toxicity (median COST score=23) when compared to patients with other gynecologic malignancies (median COST score=17, p=0.043). When scores were dichotomized into low (score ≥22) and high toxicity (score <22), 58% (29/50) of the patients were noted to have high financial toxicity. Enrollment to a clinical trial did not significantly alleviate financial burden. Conclusion: Financial toxicity is a significant burden even among highly insured gynecologic oncology patients. Age, malignancy type and income were correlated with high financial burden.