Drafting the Basic Provisions for a Bicoastal Chinese Peace Agreement: A Preliminary Proposal

( Chia Hung Su ),( Peter Kien Hong Yu ) 한국국방연구원 2000 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.12 No.1

The relationship between Taiwan and mainland China is "intranational interstate relations or transpolital relations," and signing a peace agreement seems necessary. There is a strong desire among the people of the Republic of China on Taiwan to maintain peace and tranquillity in the Taiwan Strait. The Taiwanese people also find that policies fostering the beliefs that "Chinese people won`t attack Chinese people" and "national reconciliation" match their basic interests in sharing Chinese sovereignty and gradually moving towards integration with the mainland people. After describing the peace agreement process between Taipei and Beijing, this research affirms that the core of a peace agreement should be arms control. In this paper an attempt is made to draft a bicoastal Chinese peace agreement from Taipei`s perspective. The draft agreement consists of a preamble and eleven provisions. Provision II, for example, states the following: "Under the principle of sharing sovereignty, both sides of the Taiwan Strait would not invade the other`s land (as opposed to territory) under jurisdiction nor interfere in each other`s internal affairs." As another example, Provision III stipulates, "To avoid military confrontation, a buffer zone will be designated by both sides of the Taiwan Strait." The final section discusses how the United States would regard bicoastal Chinese arms control. Taipei must make sure that the outcomes of any arms control agreement with the mainland not threaten Taiwan`s sovereign existence.

다수제적 혼합선거제도 하에서의 투표행태에 대한 다차원 분석

( Chia Hung Tsai ),( Lu Huei Chen ),( Chao Chi Lin ),( Su Feng Cheng ) 한국선거학회 2011 선거연구 Vol.1 No.2

혼합선거제도는 영국의 전통적 소선거구제와 비례제 양자 모두의 좋은 점을 제공한다고 언급된다. 학자들은 후보자와 정당들이 이러한 선거 규칙에 어떻게 반응하는지 고찰해 왔으며, 이 제도 하에서는 상이한 유인 요인이 존재한다고 주장해 왔다. 두 개의 서로 다른 층 간의 상호작용 또한 연구의 대상이 되어 왔다. 본 논문은 소선거구제에서의 투표 행태가 정당의 명성에 의해 영향 받는 정도를 평가해 보고자 하는데, 이는 소선거구 선거 결과와 비례대표 선거 결과 간의 차이에 의해서 측정된다. 대부분의 유권자가 비례대표 표를 던질 때 자신들의 선호를 따르며, 소선거구 표를 던질 때는 현직자를 고려할 것이라고 우리는 가정한다. 한국, 대만, 그리고 일본에서의 투표 행태를 비교함으로써, 사회적 배경, 정치적 태도, 쟁점에 대한 의견 등이 투표 행태에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 이들 세 국가에 걸쳐서 평가할 수 있다. 분석에 사용되는 자료는 선거제도 비교연구(CSES) 2차조사 (2001-2006), 21세기 전국적 장기 설문조사 자료 (JES 3차), 대만의 선거 및 민주화 연구 자료 (TEDS 2008L)이며, 이를 통해 각기 한국의 2004년 총선, 대만의 2008년 의회선거, 그리고 일본의 총선을 고찰한다. It is said that mixed-member systems offer the best of both the traditional British single-member district system (SMD) and proportional representation systems (PR). Scholars have examined how candidates and parties respond to the electoral rule, arguing that there are different incentives for them. The interaction between the two tiers is also investigated. This paper attempts to assess the extent to which voting behavior in the SMD districts would be influenced by party reputation measured by the difference between the SMD and PR voting results. We assume that most voters follow their preferences when they cast their PR votes, but that they consider the incumbents when they cast their SMD ballots. Comparing voting behavior in Korea, Taiwan, and Japan, we are able to assess the relative effect of social backgrounds, political predispositions, and issue opinions on voting behavior across three countries. We use CSES Module 2 (2001-2006) data, the Nation-wide Longitudinal Survey Study on Voting Behavior in the 21st Century (JES III) data, and Taiwan`s Election and Democratization Study (TEDS 2008L) data to examine voting behavior in the 2004 National Assembly election of Korea, the 2008 legislative election of Taiwan, and the 2005 general election of Japan respectively.

Electrical control of nanoscale functionalization in graphene by the scanning probe technique

Byun, Ik-Su,Kim, Wondong,Boukhvalov, Danil W.,Hwang, Inrok,Son, Jong Wan,Oh, Gwangtaek,Choi, Jin Sik,Yoon, Duhee,Cheong, Hyeonsik,Baik, Jaeyoon,Shin, Hyun-Joon,Shiu, Hung Wei,Chen, Chia-Hao,Son, Young Nature Publishing Group (NPG) ; Tokyo Institute of 2014 NPG Asia Materials Vol.6 No.-

Functionalized graphene is a versatile material that has well-known physical and chemical properties depending on functional groups and their coverage. However, selective control of functional groups on the nanoscale is hardly achievable by conventional methods utilizing chemical modifications. We demonstrate electrical control of nanoscale functionalization of graphene with the desired chemical coverage of a selective functional group by atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography and their full recovery through moderate thermal treatments. Surprisingly, our controlled coverage of functional groups can reach 94.9% for oxygen and 49.0% for hydrogen, respectively, well beyond those achieved by conventional methods. This coverage is almost at the theoretical maximum, which is verified through scanning photoelectron microscope measurements as well as first-principles calculations. We believe that the present method is now ready to realize 'chemical pencil drawing' of atomically defined circuit devices on top of a monolayer of graphene.

Accumulation of Lipid Production in Chlorella minutissima by Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis-Related Genes Cloned from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica

Hsin-Ju Hsieh,Chia-Hung Su,Liang-Jung Chien 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.3

Discovery of an alternative fuel is now an urgent matter because of the impending issue of oil depletion. Lipids synthesized in algal cells called triacylglycerols (TAGs) are thought to be of the most value as a potential biofuel source because they can use transesterification to manufacture biodiesel. Biodiesel is deemed as a good solution to overcoming the problem of oil depletion since it is capable of providing good performance similar to that of petroleum. Expression of several genomic sequences, including glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, phosphatidic acid phosphatase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, can be useful for manipulating metabolic pathways for biofuel production. In this study, we found this approach indeed increased the storage lipid content of C. minutissima UTEX 2219 up to 2-fold over that of wild type. Thus, we conclude this approach can be used with the biodiesel production platform of C. minutissima UTEX 2219 for high lipid production that will, in turn, enhance productivity.

Gas transport characteristics of mixed matrix membrane containing MIL-100 (Fe) metal-organic frameworks and PEBAX precursors

Pirouzfar Vahid,Roustaie Narges,Su Chia-Hung 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.9

This research scrutinized the effect of adding MIL-100 (Fe) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on the PEBAX membranes in two grades, 1657 and 2533. Initially, the intended membranes were synthesized by the solution-casting method. Then, XRD and SEM were applied to examine the influence of adding MIL-100 (Fe) to the structure of both membranes. Consequently, the separation function of the pair gases of CO2/CH4, CO2/N2, and CO2/O2 and their permeability were considered at the pressure of 3.5 bar and temperature of 25 °C. Eventually, their function was compared by Robeson diagrams of 1991 and 2008. According to Robeson diagrams, the comparison outcomes indicated that the PEBAX1657/MIL-100 (Fe) and PEBAX2533/MIL-100 (Fe) membranes containing 5% of MOF represent better performance in separating CO2/CH4. However, their function for separating the considered gases requires more modifications.

Validation of a Palliative Prognostic Index to Predict Life Expectancy for Terminally Ill Cancer Patients in a Hospice Consultation Setting in Taiwan

Cheng, Wei-Hong,Kao, Chen-Yi,Hung, Yu-Shin,Su, Po-Jung,Hsieh, Chia-Hsun,Chen, Jen-Shi,Wang, Hung-Ming,Chou, Wen-Chi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to assess the practical utility of the palliative prognostic index (PPI) as a prognostic tool used by nurse specialists in a hospice consultation setting in Taiwan. Methods: In total, 623 terminal cancer patients under hospice consultation care from one medical center in northern Taiwan were enrolled between January 1 and June 30, 2011. PPI was assessed by a nurse specialist at first hospice consultation and patients categorized into groups by prognosis (good, intermediate, poor). Patient survival was analyzed retrospectively to determine significance of between-group differences. Results: By PPI sum score, 37.2% of patients were in the good prognosis group, 18% in the intermediate prognosis group and 44.8% in the poor prognosis group. The death rates were 56%, 81.2% and 89.6% and median survivals were 76, 18 and 7 days, respectively. The hazard ratio was 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-0.24, p<0.001) for the poor versus good prognosis group and 0.54 (95% CI 0.43-0.69, p<0.001) for the poor versus intermediate prognosis group. The sensitivity and specificity for the poor prognosis group was 66% and 71%; the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 81% and 52%, respectively, to predict patient death within 21 days (area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.68). Conclusions: Assessment by PPI can accurately predict survival of terminal cancer patients receiving hospice consultation care. PPI is a simple tool and can be administered by nurse members of hospice consultation teams.

The Association of Acquired T790M Mutation with Clinical Characteristics after Resistance to First-Line Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Yen-Hsiang Huang,Kuo-Hsuan Hsu,Jeng-Sen Tseng,Kun-Chieh Chen,Chia-Hung Hsu,Kang-Yi Su,Jeremy J. W. Chen,Huei-Wen Chen,Sung-Liang Yu,Tsung-Ying Yang,Gee-Chen Chang 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.4

Purpose The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among the clinical characteristics and the frequency of T790M mutation in advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients with acquired resistance after firstline EGFRtyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Materials and Methods We enrolled EGFR-mutant stage IIIB-IV lung adenocarcinoma patients, who had progressed to prior EGFR-TKI therapy, and evaluated their rebiopsy EGFRmutation status. Results A total of 205 patients were enrolled for analysis. The overall T790M mutation rate of rebiopsy was 46.3%. The T790M mutation rates among patients with exon 19 deletion mutation, exon 21 L858R point mutation, and other mutations were 55.0%, 37.3%, and 27.3%, respectively. Baseline exon 19 deletion was associated with a significantly higher frequency of T790M mutation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 3.83; p=0.010). In the exon 19 deletion subgroup, there was a greater prevalence of T790M mutation than other exon 19 deletion subtypes in patients with the Del E746-A750 mutation (61.6% vs. 40.6%; odds ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.01 to 5.49; p=0.049). The progression- free survival (PFS) of first-line TKI treatment > 11 months was also associated with a higher T790M mutation rate (54.1% vs. 39.3%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.25; p=0.044). Patients who underwent rebiopsy at metastatic sites had more chance to harbor T790M mutation (52.6% vs. 33.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.67; p=0.032). Conclusion PFS of first-line EGFR-TKI, rebiopsy site, EGFR exon 19 deletion and its subtype Del E746- A750 mutation are associated with the frequency of T790M mutation.

An update of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in gene diseases, chromosomal translocation, and aneuploidy screening

Chang, Li-Jung,Chen, Shee-Uan,Tsai, Yi-Yi,Hung, Chia-Cheng,Fang, Mei-Ya,Su, Yi-Ning,Yang, Yu-Shih The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2011 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.38 No.3

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is gradually widely used in prevention of gene diseases and chromosomal abnormalities. Much improvement has been achieved in biopsy technique and molecular diagnosis. Blastocyst biopsy can increase diagnostic accuracy and reduce allele dropout. It is cost-effective and currently plays an important role. Whole genome amplification permits subsequent individual detection of multiple gene loci and screening all 23 pairs of chromosomes. For PGD of chromosomal translocation, fluorescence $in-situ$ hybridization (FISH) is traditionally used, but with technical difficulty. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can detect translocation and 23 pairs of chromosomes that may replace FISH. Single nucleotide polymorphisms array with haplotyping can further distinguish between normal chromosomes and balanced translocation. PGD may shorten time to conceive and reduce miscarriage for patients with chromosomal translocation. PGD has a potential value for mitochondrial diseases. Preimplantation genetic haplotyping has been applied for unknown mutation sites of single gene disease. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) using limited FISH probes in the cleavage-stage embryo did not increase live birth rates for patients with advanced maternal age, unexplained recurrent abortions, and repeated implantation failure. Polar body and blastocyst biopsy may circumvent the problem of mosaicism. PGS using blastocyst biopsy and array CGH is encouraging and merit further studies. Cryopreservation of biopsied blastocysts instead of fresh transfer permits sufficient time for transportation and genetic analysis. Cryopreservation of embryos may avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and possible suboptimal endometrium.