Investigation of Goats' Milk Adulteration with Cows' Milk by PCR

Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Chen, Su-Der,Weng, Ching-Feng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.10

Goats' milk adulteration with cows' milk is becoming a big problem. In the past, the urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay with different motility of ${\alpha}S1$-casein has been applied for the identification of cows' milk adulteration. The detection sensitivity is 1.0%. The aim of this study was to develop a faster and more sensitive method to detect cows' milk which may be present in adulterated goats' milk and goats' milk powder. The published primer was targeted at highly conserved regions in bovine mitochondrial DNA (a 271 bp amplicon). This amplicon was cloned and sequenced to further confirm bovine specific sequence. The chelex-100 was used to separate bovine somatic cells from goats' milk or goats' milk powder samples. Random sampling of different brands of goats' milk powder and tablets from various regions of Taiwan showed the adulterated rate was 20 out of 80 (25%) in goats' milk powders and 12 out of 24 (50%) in goats' milk tablets. With this system, as low as 0.1% cows' milk or cows' milk powder in goat milk or goat milk powder could be identified. This chelex DNA isolation approach provides a fast, highly reproducible and sensitive method for detecting the adulteration of goats' milk products.

Allicin Inhibits Glutamate Release from Rat Cerebral Cortex Nerve Terminals Through Suppressing Ca2+ Influx and Protein Kinase C Activity

Cheng Wei Lu,Chi-Feng Hung,Tzu Yu Lin,Ting Yang Hsieh,Su-Jane Wang 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.7

Evidence indicates that indirect inhibitory regulation of glutamatergic transmission, via reducing glutamate release, may induce neuroprotection. The present work was designed to examine whether allicin, a major component of garlic with neuroprotective effects, affected the release of glutamate evoked by 4-aminopyridine in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Allicin caused a potent inhibition on the release of glutamate evoked by 4-aminopyridine, and this inhibitory effect was abolished in the presence of Ca2+-free medium and vesicular transporter inhibitor. Allicin decreased the 4-aminopyridine-evoked elevation of intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ levels, but had no effect on the synaptosomal plasma membrane potential. The allicin-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was prevented by the N- and P/Q-type channel blocker and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, but was not affected by the intracellular Ca2+-release inhibitors, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, and protein kinase A inhibitor. Western blotting data also showed that allicin significantly reduced the phosphorylation of PKC. Together, these data indicate that in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals, allicin depresses glutamate release and appears to decrease N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channel and PKC activity.

Fluorine-Substituted Dithienylbenzodiimide-Based n-Type Polymer Semiconductors for Organic Thin-Film Transistors

Feng, Kui,Zhang, Xianhe,Wu, Ziang,Shi, Yongqiang,Su, Mengyao,Yang, Kun,Wang, Yang,Sun, Huiliang,Min, Jie,Zhang, Yujie,Cheng, Xing,Woo, Han Young,Guo, Xugang American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.39

<P>Imide functionalization is one of the most effective approaches to develop electron-deficient building blocks for constructing n-type organic semiconductors. Driven by the attractive properties of imide-functionalized dithienylbenzodiimide (TBDI) and the promising device performance of TBDI-based polymers, a novel acceptor with increased electron affinity, fluorinated dithienylbenzodiimide (TFBDI), was designed with the hydrogen replaced by fluorine on the benzene core, and the synthetic challenges associated with this highly electron-deficient fluorinated imide building block are successfully overcome. TFBDI showed suppressed frontier molecular orbital energy levels as compared with TBDI. Copolymerizing this new electron-withdrawing TBDI with various donor co-units afforded a series of n-type polymer semiconductors TFBDI-T, TFBDI-Se, and TFBDI-BSe. All these TFBDI-based polymers exhibited a lower-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level than the polymer analogue without fluorine. When applied in organic thin-film transistors, three polymers showed unipolar electron transport with large on-current/off-current ratios (<I>I</I><SUB>on</SUB>/<I>I</I><SUB>off</SUB>) of 10<SUP>5</SUP>-10<SUP>7</SUP>. Among them, the selenophene-based polymer TFBDI-Se with the deepest-positioned LUMO and optimal chain stacking exhibited the highest electron mobility of 0.30 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>. This result demonstrates that the new TFBDI is a highly attractive electron-deficient unit for enabling n-type polymer semiconductors, and the fluorination of imide-functionalized arenes offers an effective approach to develop more electron-deficient building blocks in organic electronics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

SSR and SCAR mapping of a multiple-allele male-sterile gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.)

Feng, Hui,Wei, Peng,Piao, Zhong-Yun,Liu, Zhi-Yong,Li, Cheng-Yu,Wang, Yu-Gang,Ji, Rui-Qin,Ji, Shu-Juan,Zou, Ting,Choi, Su-Ryun,Lim, Yong-Pyo Springer-Verlag 2009 TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretisch Vol.119 No.2

Generalized Analysis of Message Propagation on Social Network

Min-Feng Wang,Chi-Sheng Huang,Meng-Feng Tsai,Bo-Ru Song,Shin-Fu Su,Cheng-Hsien Tang 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.5 No.2

Minimization of Surface Roughness and Machining Deformation in Milling of Al Alloy Thin-Walled Parts

De-Jun Cheng,Feng Xu,Sheng-Hao Xu,Chun-Yan Zhang,Sheng-Wen Zhang,Su-Jin Kim 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.9

This study focused on investigating the surface roughness in the feed direction (R a -Fd), surface roughness in the transversedirection (R a -Td), and thin-walled parts deformation (TWD) during milling of Al alloy 5083. The response surface method(RSM) was used to conduct experiments and establish the models of R a -Fd , R a -Td , and TWD under various cutting parameters. The significance of cutting parameters on R a -Fd , R a -Td , and TWD was analyzed by analysis of variance. It was observedthat the R a -Fd and R a -Td are mainly influenced by the spindle speed, depth of cut, transverse size and feed rate, while the TWD is mainly influenced by the depth of cut. A comparison of RSM-optimum function and artificial bee colony (ABC)algorithm optimum programming was conducted to obtain the best cutting conditions leading to minimum R a -Fd, R a -Td and TWD simultaneously. From the presented results, ABC algorithm was able to obtain the better cutting strategy. Finally, theperformance of the proposed cutting strategy was verified by confirmation experiments.

Analysis and Construction of a Quality Prediction System for Needle-Punched Non-woven Fabrics

Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey,Su Te-Li,Chiu Chin-Hsun,Tsai Cheng-Ping The Korean Fiber Society 2007 Fibers and polymers Vol.8 No.1

In this study, polyester and polypropylene staple fibers were selected as the raw material, and then processed through roller-carder, cross-lapper and needle-punching machine to produce needle-punched non-woven fabrics. First, the experiment was planned using the Taguchi method to select processing parameters that affect the quality of the needle-punched non-woven fabric to act as the control factors for this experiment. The quality characteristics were the longitudinal and transverse tensile strength of the non-woven fabric as well as longitudinal and transverse tear strength. The $L_{18}(2^1{\times}3^7)$ orthogonal array was selected for the experiment as it offered an improvement on the traditional method that wastes a lot of time, effort and cost. By using the analysis of variance(ANOVA) technique at the same time, the effect of significant factors on the production process of needle-punched non-woven fabrics could be determined. Finally, the processing parameters were set as the input parameters of a back-propagation neural network(BPNN). The BPNN consists of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer where the longitudinal/transverse tensile and tear strength of the non-woven fabric were set as the output parameters. This was used to construct a quality prediction system for needle-punched non-woven fabrics. The experimental results indicated that the prediction system implemented in this study provided accurate predictions.

Optimization of the Needle Punching Process for the Nonwoven Fabrics with Multiple Quality Characteristics by Grey-Based Taguchi Method

Kuo, Chung-Feng Jeffrey,Su, Te-Li,Tsai, Cheng-Ping The Korean Fiber Society 2007 Fibers and polymers Vol.8 No.6

This study is intended for finding out the optimal processing parameters for needle punching nonwoven fabrics in order to work out its maximal strength. Taguchi method together with grey relational analysis is employed to resolve the problem as regards multiple-quality optimization, and further discover the optimal combination of processing parameters for needle punching nonwoven fabrics. Firstly, orthogonal array $L_{18}(2^1{\times}3^7)$ is used to deal with the processing parameters that may exert influence over the manufacturing of needle punching nonwoven fabrics. Then grey relational analysis is applied to resolve the deficiency of Taguchi method that focus on single quality characteristic. Next, the response table of grey relational analysis is used to obtain the optimal combination of processing parameters for multiple quality characteristics. In the current experiment quality characteristic refers to the tensile strength and tear strength of the nonwoven fabrics. Additionally, signal-to-noise ratio (SN ratio) calculation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be adopted to explore the experimental results. Through ANOVA, the significant factors that exert comparatively significant influence over the quality characteristic of the needle punching nonwoven fabrics, that is, the control factors are determined so that the quality characteristic of the needle punching nonwoven fabrics can be effectively controlled. Finally, confirmation experiment is conducted within 95 % confidence interval to verify the experimental reliability and reproducibility.

Taiwan Citizen's Views of China: What Are the Effects of Cross-Strait Contacts?

T. Y. Wang,Su-feng Cheng 동아시아연구원 2017 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.17 No.2

Segregation has long been recognized as a source of ignorance which breeds negative feelings and hostility. This view maintains that interactions between members of different groups can foster social bonds and promote positive group relationship. Employing recently collected survey data, this study examines the effect of cross-Strait contacts on Taiwan citizens’ negative views toward Chinese citizens and the Beijing government. The empirical results show that casual encounters have no effect on the island residents’ general perception of China. Serious interactions in the form of friendship moderate their unfavorable feelings of Chinese citizens but have no effects on the perception of a hostile Beijing. Unless contacts can invoke true social bonds, frequent interactions do not have transformative effects on individuals’ political views. The moderating effect of contacts at the personal level is not transferable to a political entity when the latter is perceived as a suppressing agent.

다수제적 혼합선거제도 하에서의 투표행태에 대한 다차원 분석

( Chia Hung Tsai ),( Lu Huei Chen ),( Chao Chi Lin ),( Su Feng Cheng ) 한국선거학회 2011 선거연구 Vol.1 No.2

혼합선거제도는 영국의 전통적 소선거구제와 비례제 양자 모두의 좋은 점을 제공한다고 언급된다. 학자들은 후보자와 정당들이 이러한 선거 규칙에 어떻게 반응하는지 고찰해 왔으며, 이 제도 하에서는 상이한 유인 요인이 존재한다고 주장해 왔다. 두 개의 서로 다른 층 간의 상호작용 또한 연구의 대상이 되어 왔다. 본 논문은 소선거구제에서의 투표 행태가 정당의 명성에 의해 영향 받는 정도를 평가해 보고자 하는데, 이는 소선거구 선거 결과와 비례대표 선거 결과 간의 차이에 의해서 측정된다. 대부분의 유권자가 비례대표 표를 던질 때 자신들의 선호를 따르며, 소선거구 표를 던질 때는 현직자를 고려할 것이라고 우리는 가정한다. 한국, 대만, 그리고 일본에서의 투표 행태를 비교함으로써, 사회적 배경, 정치적 태도, 쟁점에 대한 의견 등이 투표 행태에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 이들 세 국가에 걸쳐서 평가할 수 있다. 분석에 사용되는 자료는 선거제도 비교연구(CSES) 2차조사 (2001-2006), 21세기 전국적 장기 설문조사 자료 (JES 3차), 대만의 선거 및 민주화 연구 자료 (TEDS 2008L)이며, 이를 통해 각기 한국의 2004년 총선, 대만의 2008년 의회선거, 그리고 일본의 총선을 고찰한다. It is said that mixed-member systems offer the best of both the traditional British single-member district system (SMD) and proportional representation systems (PR). Scholars have examined how candidates and parties respond to the electoral rule, arguing that there are different incentives for them. The interaction between the two tiers is also investigated. This paper attempts to assess the extent to which voting behavior in the SMD districts would be influenced by party reputation measured by the difference between the SMD and PR voting results. We assume that most voters follow their preferences when they cast their PR votes, but that they consider the incumbents when they cast their SMD ballots. Comparing voting behavior in Korea, Taiwan, and Japan, we are able to assess the relative effect of social backgrounds, political predispositions, and issue opinions on voting behavior across three countries. We use CSES Module 2 (2001-2006) data, the Nation-wide Longitudinal Survey Study on Voting Behavior in the 21st Century (JES III) data, and Taiwan`s Election and Democratization Study (TEDS 2008L) data to examine voting behavior in the 2004 National Assembly election of Korea, the 2008 legislative election of Taiwan, and the 2005 general election of Japan respectively.