The Direction of the Theological Education of the Korean Adventist Church in preparation for North Korea Mission and Unification

( Changho Song ) 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2017 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.15 No.-

Although most Christian denominations in Korea, including the Adventist church, started in the North Korean region, efforts for the North Korea mission have begun to become visible since the 1990s. However, mission efforts for North Korea have been carried out only by denominational efforts and local church activities, but they have not been included in the regular curriculum at theological schools. It is important to establish programs or courses for North Korean missions in regular theological education because it can play a great role as a bridgehead to prepare the church members for a unified Korea as well as to bring up and train people for North Korean missions. The Korean Adventist Church will be able to respond more quickly in this regard. It is necessary to establish a concrete master plan for North Korean missions at the denominational level and to provide theological education accordingly. First of all, opening two courses for general understanding of North Korea will help all the theology students to understand the basics of North Korea. Students in the overseas missions track may be interested in this field if they are given more opportunities to practice and engage in activities for North Korean missions as well as overseas. By establishing a Department of North Korean Studies in the theological seminary, Christians including Adventists can be professionals for North Korea missions.

Development of EMG-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation Device for Upper Extremity Bilateral Movement Training in Stroke Patients: Feasibility and Pilot study

Changho Song,Dong-kwon Seo 물리치료재활과학회 2021 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.10 No.3

Objective: Bilateral movement training is an effective method for upper extremity rehabilitation of stroke. An approach to induce bilateral movement through functional electrical stimulation is attempted. The purpose of this study is to develop an EMG-triggered functional electrical stimulation device for upper extremity bilateral movement training in stroke patients and test its feasibility. Design: Feasibility and Pilot study design. Methods: We assessed muscle activation and kinematic data of the affected and unaffected upper extremities of a stroke patient during wrist flexion and extension with and without the device. Wireless EMG was used to evaluate muscle activity, and 12 3D infrared cameras were used to evaluate kinematic data. Results: We developed an EMG-triggered functional electrical stimulation device to enable bilateral arm training in stroke patients. A system for controlling functional electrical stimulation with signals received through a 2-channel EMG sensor was developed. The device consists of an EMG sensing unit, a functional electrical stimulation unit, and a control unit. There was asymmetry of movement between the two sides during wrist flexion and extension. With the device, the asymmetry was lowest at 60% of the threshold of the unaffected side. Conclusions: In this study, we developed an EMG-triggered FES device, and the pilot study result showed that the device reduces asymmetry.

Comparison of outcomes in laparoscopic, robotic single and multi site surgery in endometrial cancer

( Changho Song ),( Seungmee Lee ),( Hyewon Chung ),( Tae-kyu Jang ),( So-jin Shin ),( Sang-hoon Kwon ),( Chi-heum Cho ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.106 No.-

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare surgical and oncologic outcomes of conventional laparoscopic operation (CL), robotic multi-site operation (RM) and robotic single-site operation (RS) for early endometrial cancer treatment. Methods: 93 patients who are diagnosed early endometrial cancer and underwent treatment CL (n=31), RM (n=31) and RS (n=31). Results: There was no significant difference in patients demographics among the groups. The surgical outcomes including the actual operation time was the shortest in RS group. (87.3±25.8 in CL vs. 81.1±26.1 in RM vs. 67.0±13.4 in RS P value 0.002) The amount of estimated blood loss did not show statistical difference. Post operation days until discharge was longest in the group who underwent robotic multi-site operation, (5.1±2.3 in CL vs. 10.3±8.9 vs. 3.6±1.8 p value < 0.0005) while CL and RS group did not show statistical significance. Post operational drainage insertion was performed the fewest in robotic single-site operation (Overall P value < 0.0005). Both minor and major post-operative complications in RM group happened the most compared to other two groups (3.2% in CL vs. 38.7% in RM vs. 9.7% in RS p value < 0.0005). The oncologic outcomes including type and rate of adjuvant treatment and the rate of recurrence did not show statistical difference among the groups. Conclusion: RS suggests comparable surgical outcomes to CL and RM without compromising any oncologic outcomes for early endometrial cancer treatment.

A Survey on the Image of Adventist Church in Korea

Changho Song 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2011 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.4 No.-

Inhibitory Effect of Wnt/Β-Catenin Inhibitor CWP232228 on the Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cells

( Changho Song ),( Jinyoung Kim ),( Jihye Seo ),( Chi-heum Cho ),( So-jin Shin ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.106 No.-

Objective: Ovarian cancer is one of the most deadliest cancer and is highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy, which raises a need for new therapeutic paradigm. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of CWP232228, a highly potent inhibitor of Β-catenin signaling via antagonizing binding of Β-catenin to T-cell factor (TCF). Methods: The ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with different concentrations of CWP 232228. The cell viability and cell cycle distribution was measured by MTT and flow cytometric analysis. The transcriptional change of mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. The induction of growth inhibitory effect was measured by cell migration assay, DNA fragmentation assay and western blot analysis Results: First, we found that the cytotoxic effects of CWP232228 is positively dependent on the expression levels of Β-catenin. We also found that CWP232228 potently inhibited both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of ovarian cancer cells. Next we showed that CWP232228 markedly increased apoptosis via western and FACS analyses In addition to growth inhibitory effect, we discovered that CWP232228 attenuated a collective cell migration. Moreover, CWP232228 effectively inhibited the stemness of ovarian cancer cells. CWP232228 prevented the sphere forming ability and self-renewal activity of ovarian cancer stem like cells (CSCs). Conclusion: These results clearly suggested the anti-tumor effects of CWP232228 in ovarian cancer cells with high expression level of Β-catenin. Taken together, our findings offers a possible therapeutic use of CWP232228 as a precision medicine agent that targets ovarian cancer with high expression level of Β -catenin.

Colorful Multi-Exposure Fusion with Guided Filtering based Fusion Method

Changho Song,Soowoong Jeong,Sangkeun Lee 중앙대학교 영상콘텐츠융합연구소 2016 TechArt :Journal of Arts and Imaging Science Vol.3 No.4

Slaughterhouse-Five in the Absurdist Novels.

Song, Changho 慶北專門大學 (영주경상전문대학) 1979 慶北專門大學 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

六十年代以後에 접어들어 小說의 樣相은 매우 달라졌다. Irving Howe의 現代라는 意味를 들추지 않더라도 어쨌든 從來와는 다른 深刻한 世代라는 것을 나타내고 있다. Einstein의 the Principle of Relativity나 the Quantum Theory와 같은 科學上에 變化는, 모든 原리에 새로운 革新을 일으켰으며, 모든 絶對的인 眞理는 相對的인 것으로, 우주도 絶對的인 것이 아니라 相對的이며 따라서 無意味하고 混沌되고, 不條理한 것으로 看做되었다. 이미 이렇게 받아들여지는 字宙에서 不條理한 基盤과 主題로서 어떻게 잘 그들의 visions를 描寫할 수 있을까? 라는 問題에 많은 作家들은 努力하여 왔다. 그러한 두드러진 作家들이 Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Thomas Pynchon, Joseph Heller, John Barth등이 있는데, 그들의 主題를 다루는 根本的인 技法은 共通性을 띄우고 있는 것 같다. 그래서 이러한 不條理를 取扱한 作家들을 Bruce Jay Friedman은 blackhumorist들이라고 하였다. 이러한 不條理作家들에 대한 理解는 무엇보다 Esslin의 The Theatre of the Absurd에서 큰 理解 가질 수 있다. 그는 Sartre, Comue 實存劇과 Beckett, Ionesco, Genel의 不條理劇과의 根本的인 區別은 不條理小說을 하는 理解하는데 큰 도움을 주며, 佛蘭西의 dramatists와 美國의 不條理小說家들은 共通된 觀心을 갖고 있는 것으로 밝혔다. 그들은 그들의 主題와 形式을 統合시키는데 佛의 不條理劇 처럼 새로운 方法을 찾으려 하였다. 1960年代 以後에 不條理作家들은 不條理한 世上에 對한 vision이 小說의 theme을 이루고 있을 뿐만 아니라, incident, Characterization, language등에 의하여 보다 잘 反映되고 있다. 그의 한 實例로 Philip Young은 The Sun Also Rises를 들추어가며 설명하여 주고 있다. 不條理作家들은 caprices나 silly events, characters misunderstood로서 그들의 小說속에서 窮極的인 人生의 不條理를 表現하였다. 그들은 또한 Eugene McNamara에 의해 表出된 使用된 言語에 있어서 不條理를 誇張擴大하었다. 不條理는 小說속에 comic한 誇張을 通하여 描寫되었다. 그러한 方法으로 burlesque와 parody를 또한 使用하였다. 그들은 burlesque로서 傳統的形式과 文體를 拒否하기도 하고 그들에 대한 ironic한 使用으로 그들의 小說들의 많은 것을 parody하기도 하고, 종종 burlesque의 reflexive한 使用을 하기도 한다. McNamara와 Leslie Fiedler는 漫畵속에 나오는 人物들이 不條理小說속에 人物과 類似하다고 한다. 단번에 보아서 그의 獨特한 態度 性格, 思想을 볼 수 있는 이름들인 것이다. 그들은 人物들을 寫實的인 描寫에 根據를 둠을 拒否하고 誇張된 方法으로 조차 아주 二次元的이고, flat한 性格을 만들므로서 人間의 本性의 複雜性을 間接的으로 表示하여 주고 있다. 대체로 protest 小說家들은 人間을 vile하고 stupid하며 mean한 社會制度 때문에 犧牲당하고 있다고 생각하나 Vonnegut 自身을 包含한 不條理作家들은 人問自身에 不條理의 탓으로 돌리고 있는 것이다. 不條理作家中의 한 사람인 Vonnegut는 七編의 小說을 썼는데 그들 各各은 特異하다. Player Piano로 부터 Breakfast of Champions까지 獨特한 그의 思想을 잘 表出하였는데 그의 小說에 대해 Charles B. Harris는 세가지 見解로 分類해 보았다. 첫째로 인간은 kindness와 charity, uncritical love를 實行하므로 無意味한 人生속에서 더욱 많은 것을 表出하려하고, 둘째, 人間은 不條理한 字宙속에서 生을 營爲하기 爲한 適切한 lies가 必要하다. 셋째, 인간은 不條理를 肯定하거나 否定하지 말고, 그의 環境에서 單純히 받아들여야 한다는 것이다. 以上을 보았을때 궁극에 남는 것은 acception이고 結局 resignation으로 通하게 된다. 이를 잘 表現한 小說이 Vonnegut의 Slaughterhouse-Five이다. 出生年度도 主人公 Billy와 같이 1922년으로 만들었으며, 그는 또한 自身의 化身이라는 말이 될것이다. Billy는 어쨌든 Tralfamadore라는 流星의 Zoo에서 前映畵俳優인 Montana Wildhack이라는 여자와 같이 들어있는데 그녀의 목걸이의 locket에 한 句節의 말을 發見하게 된다. 이 句節은 그의 小說의 처음과 끝까지 하나의 一寬된 흐름을 形成하여 주고 있다. 神이 Billy自身에게 賦與한 것은 세가지인데, serenity courage wisdom이다. 그러나 이 serenity나 courage는 결국 resignation에 부닥치게되고, Billy가 바꿀수 있는 일은 거의 없다. 過去, 現在, 未來만 하더라도 代表的例이다. 따라서 그는 Tralfamadorian에게서 人間보다 超越的인 槪念을 배우고, 츠 槪念을 갖고 무진 意味있는 行動으로 連結시키려 한다. 그러나 이것은 아무리 意味있는 것으로 結實있는 結果를 만들어 보려고 애쓰나 (물론 獨特한 그의 修法이지만) 오히려 더욱 無益性과 無結實性을 비춰주고 無意味한 字宙에서의 人間의 不條理를 强하게 示唆해 해 줄 뿐이다.

A Study on the Recognition of Death and the Interment Method of Korean Adventists

( Changho Song ) 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2019 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.19 No.-

Death is the last experience of all human life, and it is the crisis that comes with the greatest sorrow for the remaining family. Therefore, funeral ceremonies can be solemn and meaningful events and at the same time, minor differences and mistakes can be the cause of great conflicts among family members or community members. Korean society has recognized ‘burial’ as the main interment method. Since 1990, however, ‘cremation’ has been increasing due to environmental and economic causes. In Korean Christian society, the idea that ‘burial’ is biblical and consistent with Christian tradition has been dominant for a long time, but theological discussion about interment methods are actively proceeding according to the influence of social change. On the other hand, the Adventist Church in Korea has not been discussing funeral culture. The purpose of this study is to collect opinions regarding deaths and funerals of Korean Adventist Church members for further theological discussions. According to the findings of this study, Korean Adventists prefer ‘cremation’, like other Korean people. However, since the preference for ‘burial’ is still high in the older age group, the study suggested that on the denominational level dialogue between the generations should be coordinated with the concept of interment methods and prepare a ritual manual, funeral facilities, and sites for ‘cremation’.

과세관청의 조세포탈범을 상대로 한 민사상 불법행위 손해배상청구 가부 - 대법원 2021. 10. 28. 선고 2019다293814 판결을 중심으로 -

송창회(Changhoe Song),이재욱(Jaewook Lee) 서울대학교 법학평론 편집위원회 2023 법학평론 Vol.13 No.-

어느 유태지식인의 자아성찰

송창호(Changho Song) 한국영미어문학회 2016 영미어문학 Vol.- No.121

This paper tries to search for a Jewish intellectual’s acceptance of reality through self-examination in modern society. Herzog is an intellectual and also ordinary man encountering various dilemmas in family and society. Although he has a family breakdown, he tries to overcome this difficulty with the awareness of his Jewish heritage. At the same time, he hopes to achieve self-realization through self-examination in the community. After many sufferings, Herzog recognizes the importance of humanity and respect for individuality. Namely, human relief can be said to depend on an understanding of original human nature by accepting his own life as it really is, not on utopian illusion, political solution and scientific research, etc. Herzog boldly encounters unreasonable reality and social absurdity and tolerates them, regarding himself as a part of reality courageously. Herzog experiences many affairs and difficulties, which lead him to self-examination and self-realization in the end. Here, we can see Bellow’s belief in the possibility of accommodation of self and world.