Allocation of Mineral Nutrients in K-Starved Tomato Plants

Suyeon Lee(이수연),Jwakyung Sung(성좌경),Yejin Lee(이예진),Hongbae Yun(윤홍배),Juyoung Lee(이주영),Sangkeun Ha(하상건),Deogbae Lee(이덕배) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2012 No.10

Alliver: 실용적 상황 인식 서비스 전달 프레임워크

이상근(Sangkeun Lee),이동주(Dongjoo Lee),이재원(Jae-won Lee),강승석(Seung-seok Kang),이상구(Sang-goo Lee) 한국정보과학회 2008 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.35 No.1

네트워크 환경과 컴퓨팅 기술이 발전하고 모바일 디바이스의 수가 증가함에 따라 상황 인식 서비스(Context-Aware Service)의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 최근 몇 년 동안, 상황 인식 서비스(Context-Aware Service)를 실현하기 위한 여러 연구가 진행되었지만, 해결해야 할 문제점들이 남아있다. 기존의 접근 방법들은 상황에 적합한 서비스나 추천 알고리즘을 도입함에 있어서 특정 응용(Application)이나 영역(Domain)에 종속적이고 유연성이 떨어진다는 문제가 있다. 또한 온톨로지 추론 엔진에 서비스 제공을 위한 대부분의 정보 표현과 추론을 전가하기 때문에 실제 서비스에 활용할 수 있는 정도의 성능을 기대하기 어려우며 확장성(Scalability)이 떨어진다. 본 논문에서는 서비스 요청과 서비스 처리 계층으로 계층을 분리하고 두 계층에서의 온톨로지 추론 엔진과 관계형 데이터베이스의 역할을 명확히 정의함으로써 이와 같은 문제점들을 해결하는 실용적(Practical)인 상황 인식 서비스 전달 프레임워크(Context-Aware Service Delivery Framework)를 제시하고. 시나리오를 통해 서비스 프로세스를 설명한다. 제시된 프레임워크는 현재 프로토타입의 개발을 진행 중이다.

Constructing compact and effective graphs for recommender systems via node and edge aggregations

Lee, Sangkeun,Kahng, Minsuk,Lee, Sang-goo Elsevier 2015 expert systems with applications Vol.42 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Exploiting graphs for recommender systems has great potential to flexibly incorporate heterogeneous information for producing better recommendation results. As our baseline approach, we first introduce a naïve graph-based recommendation method, which operates with a heterogeneous <I>log-metadata</I> graph constructed from user log and content metadata databases. Although the naïve graph-based recommendation method is simple, it allows us to take advantages of heterogeneous information and shows promising flexibility and recommendation accuracy. However, it often leads to extensive processing time due to the sheer size of the graphs constructed from entire user log and content metadata databases. In this paper, we propose node and edge aggregation approaches to constructing compact and effective graphs called ‘<I>Factor</I>-<I>Item</I> bipartite graphs’ by aggregating nodes and edges of a <I>log-metadata</I> graph. Experimental results using real world datasets indicate that our approach can significantly reduce the size of graphs exploited for recommender systems without sacrificing the recommendation quality.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We present an aggregation technique for building compact graphs for recommendation. </LI> <LI> We present an algorithm for ranking nodes for recommendation. </LI> <LI> Node and edge aggregation can significantly reduce the graph size. </LI> <LI> Using a compact graph for recommendation does not sacrifice much accuracy. </LI> </UL> </P>

Is the Deployment of THAAD in South Korea a Right Choice?

Sangkeun Lee Ewha Institute of Unification Studies 2015 Journal of peace and unification Vol.5 No.1

Using Utterance and Semantic Level Confidence for Interactive Spoken Dialog Clarification

Sangkeun Jung,Cheongjae Lee,Gary Geunbae Lee 한국정보과학회 2008 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.2 No.1

Spoken dialog tasks incur many errors including speech recognition errors, understanding errors, and even dialog management errors. These errors create a big gap between the user's intention and the system's understanding, which eventually results in a misinterpretation. To fill in the gap, people in human-to-human dialogs try to clarify the major causes of the misunderstanding to selectively correct them. This paper presents a method of clarification techniques to human-to-machine spoken dialog systems. We viewed the clarification dialog as a two-step problem - Belief confirmation and Clarification strategy establishment. To confirm the belief, we organized the clarification process into three systematic phases. In the belief confirmation phase, we consider the overall dialog system's processes including speech recognition, language understanding and semantic slot and value pairs for clarification dialog management. A clarification expert is developed for establishing clarification dialog strategy. In addition, we proposed a new design of plugging clarification dialog module in a given expert based dialog system. The experiment results demonstrate that the error verifiers effectively catch the word and utterance-level semantic errors and the clarification experts actually increase the dialog success rate and the dialog efficiency.

The Fungal Metabolite Brefeldin A Inhibits Dvl2-Plk1-Dependent Primary Cilium Disassembly

Lee, Uijeong,Kim, Sun-Ok,Hwang, Jeong-Ah,Jang, Jae-Hyuk,Son, Sangkeun,Ryoo, In-Ja,Ahn, Jong Seog,Kim, Bo Yeon,Lee, Kyung Ho Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.6

The primary cilium is a non-motile microtubule-based organelle that protrudes from the surface of most human cells and works as a cellular antenna to accept extracellular signals. Primary cilia assemble from the basal body during the resting stage ($G_0$ phase) and simultaneously disassemble with cell cycle re-entry. Defective control of assembly or disassembly causes diverse human diseases including ciliopathy and cancer. To identify the effective compounds for studying primary cilium disassembly, we have screened 297 natural compounds and identified 18 and 17 primary cilium assembly and disassembly inhibitors, respectively. Among them, the application of KY-0120, identified as Brefeldin A, disturbed Dvl2-Plk1-mediated cilium disassembly via repression of the interaction of $CK1{\varepsilon}-Dvl2$ and the expression of Plk1 mRNA. Therefore, our study may suggest useful compounds for studying the cellular mechanism of primary cilium disassembly to prevent ciliopathy and cancer.

Catenulisporolides, Glycosylated Triene Macrolides from the Chemically Underexploited Actinomycete <i>Catenulispora</i> Species

Son, Sangkeun,Hong, Young-Soo,Futamura, Yushi,Jang, Mina,Lee, Jae Kyoung,Heo, Kyung Taek,Ko, Sung-Kyun,Lee, Jung Sook,Takahashi, Shunji,Osada, Hiroyuki,Jang, Jae-Hyuk,Ahn, Jong Seog American Chemical Society 2018 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.20 No.22

<P>New glycosylated 26-membered triene macrolides catenulisporolides, the first polyketide metabolites from <I>Catenulispora</I> species, were obtained by targeting slow-forming colonies on selection agar plates and applying long-term cultivation. Their structures, including the full stereochemistry, were defined by comprehensive spectroscopic and chemical methods and confirmed by bioinformatics analysis. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed the responsible biosynthetic gene cluster spanning ∼160 kbp, and feeding experiments with isotope-labeled precursors showed that isovaleric acid acts as a rare starter unit. Catenulisporolides exhibited antimalarial activities against resistant strains of <I>Plasmodium falciparum</I>, and enhanced activity was observed in semisynthetic derivatives.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

한국사회의 통일론과 신지정학적 인식

이상근(Sangkeun Lee) 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2016 동서연구 Vol.28 No.3

Unification theories inevitably reflect geopolitical thoughts. They take affinity with either traditional or new geopolitical thought depending on the type of unification the theory pursues. The new geopolitical thought criticizes state and territory-oriented geopolitics and analyzes the power that operates across multiple layers of space among various individuals and groups. Following the division of the Korean peninsula, the unification theories of the Korean government have been in line with the traditional geopolitical thoughts that stress recovery of territory, increase of national strength, competition, and confrontation. Meanwhile, as the government attempted to monopolize unification discussions, there was little opportunity for private unification theories to be discussed publicly. Since the 2000s, however, the civil society in South Korea has suggested new unification theories. Some were influenced by the traditional geopolitics though most of them reflect new geopolitical thoughts. Advocates of the new geopolitical unification theories do not regard North Korea as a geopolitical competitor, and argue that the unification should be centered on the people rather than the State, thereby benefiting the citizens. Moreover, they oppose excessive emphasis on nationalism and underline the idea of creating an economic and social community that respects both individual and collective diversities instead of building a homogeneous nation state. 영토의 경계를 넘어선 통합을 다루는 통일론은 지정학적 인식을 반영할 수밖에 없다. 통일론은 어떤 통일을 지향하는지에 따라 전통적 지정학과 신지정학 중 어느 한편과 친화성을 갖는다. 신지정학은 국가와 영토 중심의 지정학을 비판하며, 다양한 개인들과 집단들 사이에서 여러 층위의 공간을 넘나들면서 작동하고 있는 권력을 분석의 대상으로 삼는다. 분단 이후 한국 정부의 통일론들은 영토 회복, 국력 신장, 경쟁, 대결 등을 중시하는 전통적 지정학과 궤를 같이 하였다. 한편, 통일논의를 정부가 독점하려 하였으므로 민간의 통일론들은 공식적으로 논의될 기회가 적었다. 2000년대 이후 남한의 시민사회에서는 새로운 통일론들이 제시되고 있다. 전통적 지정학의 영향을 받은 통일론도 있지만 대다수 통일론들이 신지정학적 사고를 반영하고 있다. 이 통일론 들은 북한을 지정학적 경쟁자로 인식하지 않으며, 국가가 아닌 시민이 중심이 되어 이들에게 이익이 되는 통일을 이루어야 한다고 주장한다. 또, 민족주의를 지나치게 강조하는 것을 반대하며 단일한 민족국가를 건설하는 것보다 집단과 개인의 다양성이 존중되는 경제적, 사회적 공동체를 구성하는 것을 중시한다.

딥러닝 모델 기반 가상 피팅 웹 서비스 개발

고상근(Sangkeun Ko),장현수(Hyensoo Jang),민정호(JeongHo Min),이다혁(DaHyeok Lee),이수안(Suan Lee) 한국정보과학회 2022 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.06

김정은 리더십과 북한의 대외정책

이상근 ( Sangkeun Lee ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2017 한국과 국제정치 Vol.33 No.4

북한은 탈냉전 이래의 대미 편승 정책을 버리고 핵개발을 통한 대미 균형을 추구하고 있다. 더 이상 핵개발을 협상수단으로 삼아 미국으로부터 체제인정과 안전보장을 얻어내는 것을 우선적 과제로 여기지 않는 듯하다. 이러한 변화에는 여러 대내외적 환경 요인과 함께 김정은의 리더십 특성도 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 북한은 2012년 12월 장거리로켓 발사와 2013년 2월 핵실험 이후 수개월 동안 미국과의 격렬한 갈등을 겪는 과정에서 “경제건설과 핵무력건설 병진노선”을 채택하였다. 이 과정에서 김정은 리더십의 “적극·공세적” 특성과 “강성·폭력적” 특성이 드러났다. 이 노선을 채택한 이후에도 대화와 협상을 통한 비핵화를 주장한 바가 있으나 미국이 대화를 거부하자 2014년 이후 줄곧 핵과 미사일 기술을 발전시키며 미국과 맞서고 있다. 대외정책을 변화시키는데 영향을 미친 변수들이 부정적인 방향으로 변화했는데도 북한은 지속적으로 핵능력 강화를 통한 대미 균형을 추구하고 있는 것이다. 이는 김정은 리더십의 “적극·공세적,” “개방적,” “실리·계산적,” “대중친화적,” “강성·폭력적,” “일관추진적” 특성이 반영된 결과라고 할 수 있다. In a departure from its post-Cold War policy of bandwagoning with the United States, North Korea has opted for balancing against it through nuclear development. Winning concessions from Washington with its nuclear program as a leverage, which include a recognition of the regime’s legitimacy and a security guarantee, does not appear to be a priority for Pyongyang any more. Such an about-face was apparently influenced by Kim Jong Un’s leadership style as well as multiple dynamics at work in the domestic and international environments. Amid the acrimonious showdown with the U.S. that had lingered for months since its long-range rocket launch in December 2012 and nuclear test in February 2013, North Korea adopted the “Byungjin Line,” a dual policy of nuclear and economic development. In this process, Kim Jong Un’s “aggressive” and “hard and violent” leadership qualities were laid bare. Even after adopting this line, Pyongyang called for denuclearization through dialogue and negotiations. In response to Washington’s refusal to talk, however, it has persistently indulged since 2014 in advancing its nuclear and missile technologies in a continued standoff with the U.S. Although the factors that influenced its foreign policy change took a negative turn, the North is still clinging to its strategy of balancing against the U.S. by continuously refining its nuclear capability, which is reflective of Kim Jong Un’s leadership style that could be summed up as being “aggressive,” “straightforward,” “pragmatic and calculating,” “public friendly,” “hard and violent” and “single-minded.”