정신분열병 환자의 반응시간

최형식,정범석,김한규,송현주,이재원,김창윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.5

연구배경: 주의력은 인지적인 정보처리과정(information processing)의 가장 기본적인 단계이다. 반응시간 (reaction time)은 주의력을 가장 잘 반영하는 검사 중 하나로서, 자극이 제시된 후 반응이 시작되기까지 반응 여부를 결정하는데 걸리는 시간인 판단 시간(decision time)과 반응이 시작되면서 목표에 도달할 때까지 시간인 운동시간(motor time)으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 기존의 연구결과로는, 정신분열병 환자군에서 반응시간의 수행이 떨어져 있다는 보고는 많이 되어왔으나 차이가 없다는 보고도 있으며, 판단시간과 운동시간 중 어느 부분에 장애가 있는지 명확하지 않다. 또한 반응시간 측정값은 질병의 진단적 유형(diagnostic subtype), 증상, 경과 등의 영향을 받으며 개체간의 변동(inter-individual variation)이 크고, 같은 피험자라도 측정시점이 다를 때마다 차이를 보이는 개체내 변동(intra-individual variation)이 커서 검사결과마다 차이를 보이고 있는 상태이다. 목적: 환자군은 개체간 변동이 크고 다른 임상적 요소에 의해 영향받는 점을 고려하여, 임상적으로 안정적인 경과에 있는 정신분열병 환자만을 대상으로 정상인 군과 반응시간의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 또한 반응시간을 판단시간과 운동시간으로 나누어 측정하여 각각을 비교분석 하고자 하였고, 개체내 변동이 큰점을 고려하여 25회 반복 측정을 실시하고 이에 따른 변동의 경향성을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: DSM-Ⅳ에 의해 '정신분열병'으로 진단된 환자로서, 급성기 이후 항정신병약물을 유지하고 있으며BPRS(brief psychiatric rating scale) 30점 이하의 임상적으로 안정적인 상태가 3개월 이상 유지된10명이 환자군으로 포함되었고, 정상인은 자원자 10명이 포함되었다. 검사도구는 비엔나 테스트 시스템 반응유닛(Reation Unit) 파라미터 S8을 이용하였다. 총 6가지의 자극이 무작위로 1측정시기(session) 당 총 32회 주어지고, 피험자는 이중 특정 자극에 8번만 반응하도록 되어 있다. 시작 전 1회 연습 후 총 25측정시기를 5분 간격으로 반복하였다. 반응 시간을 판단시간과 운동시간의 합으로 정의하고 세 가지 모두 컴퓨터를 이용하여 자동 측정되었다. 반응·판단·운동 시간의 비교에는 반복 측정을 고려한 분산분석(repeated measures analysis of variance)을 사용하였다. 결과: 환자군은 정상인에 비하여 유의하게 반응시간의 수행속도가 저하되어 있었다(p<0.01). 판단시간과 운동시간으로 나누어 볼 때, 환자군에서 판단시간이 유의하게 느렸고(p<0.01), 운동시간은 수행저하의 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 25회 반복측정시 양군 모두 측정시기에 따른 유의한 변화를 보였고(p<0.01), 환자군의 반응시간은 개체간의 차이뿐 아니라 개체내 변동이 큰 경향을 보였다. 옳게 반응한 횟수(correct response)는 환자군에서 저하되는 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 고찰: 정신분열병 환자군에서 판단시간이 유의하게 저하된 것은, 반응시간의 저하가 운동요소 보다는 인지적 요소에 의한 것임을 시사하는 것으로, 정보처리과정의 기본적인 단계인 주의력 장애를 보여주는 것으로 생각된다. 비교적 안정적이고 임상적인 특성이 동일한 환자군에서도 반응시간이 대조군에 비해 큰 개체간 차이와 개체내 변동성의 경향을 보였으며, 이는 단순한 측정오차라기 보다는 정신분열병 환자군의 인지기능의 특성을 반영하는 것으로 생각된다. 중심단어:정신분열병·반응시간·판단시간·운동시간·개체간 변동·개체내 변동. The reaction time(RT) has been known to reflect attention that controls the flow of information processing. Extensive research has demonstrated cognitive impairment in schizophr-enia subjects using RT taske. However, little work has been done examining the relative contribution of DT(decision time) and MT(motor time) to slowed RT in schizophrenics. Also, recent investigators have observed that schizophrenic patients exhibit larger intra-individual variability in RT than do normal comparison subjects. The purpose of this study, using multi-stimulus convergent RT task, was to explore the speed of RT, relative contribution of decision time(DT) and motor time(MT) to slowed RT, overall sequential profile in 25 repeated-time measurements in 10 schizophrenic out-patients and 10 normal control subjects. Overall reaction time and decision time were slower in schizophrenic subjects than in normal controls. The motor time was not shown to be significantly different between the two groups with 0.05 significance level, although there was some trend indicating schizophrenic subjects were slower consistently in repreated measurements over time. These results suggested that the slower reaction time in schizophrenic subjects was mostly determined by cognitive component, decision time rather than motor time. Sequential profile of repeated measurements showed greater intraindividual and interindividual variations in schizphrenics than in normal controls. These results indicate that high variabilities are not merely measurement errors but characteristic of schizophrenic psychopathology. KEY WORDS: Schizophrenia·Reaction time·Decision time·Motor time·Inter-individual variation·Intra-individual variation.

血府逐瘀湯이 癌轉移 抑制에 미치는 影響

李眞華,沈範相,安圭錫,崔昇勳 대한한방종양학회 1999 대한한방종양학회지 Vol.5 No.1

To examine the effect of XuehdRUIng on the metastasis of cancer, the following experiments were carried out. Before the main experimnts, the cytotoxicity was measured by putting Xuefuzhuyutant sample in HT1080. Then zymography was made to examine the change of gelatinolytic activity. Weste blotting was carried out to examine the changes of Fos, Jun, Ets, Erk, md JNK. In vitro invasion assay with transwells coated by collagen and mangel was carried out. From the above reams the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The eXperimental result about cytotoxicity of Xuefuzhuyutang agaitst HTlO8O was a below. The stained cell count after beingtreated by by Xuefuzhuyutang sample 4M㎍/㎖ for 24 hours was 0.9% of total cells, and the stained cell count by Xuefuzhuyutang sample 100㎍/㎖ was 1.5% of total cells. Both were near the level of control group which showed O.6% stained. 2. Thee result of collagenase assay was as below. In Xuefuzhuyutang sample 400㎍/㎖, MMP2 was reduced as compared with TPA control group, and the band of MMP-9 induced by TPA disapappeared. In Xuefuzhuyutang samle 800㎍/㎖ both bands of MMP-2 and MMP-9 diSamared. 3. The results of westem blots for Jun, Fos, Ets, Erk, JNK were a below. In Xuefuzhuyutang sample 200㎍/㎖, Ets was reduced, and Jun, Fos were increased. 4 The result of invasion assay was as below. The number of cells which migrated gross trayswell membrane in Xuefuzhuyutang-treated group was less than that of control(+TPA) group. From the above results, it was concluded that Xuefuzhuyutang might inhibit the activity of collagenase not by the MMP-2, MMP-9 promoter but by the Other way.

TPMS 적용을 위한 가변 정전 용량형 압력센서 개발

최범규 ( Bum Kyoo Choi ),김도형 ( Do Hyung Kim ),오재근 ( Jae Geun Oh ) 한국센서학회 2005 센서학회지 Vol.14 No.4

LOC적용을 위한 새로운 마이크로믹서의 연구

최범규(Bum-kyoo Choi),이승현(Seung-Hyeon Lee),강호진(Ho-jin Kang) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2008 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.25 No.6

SOG(Silicon On Glass)공정을 이용한 수평형 미소가속도계의 제작에 관한 연구

최범규 ( Bum Kyoo Choi ),장태하 ( Tae Ha Chang ),이창길 ( Chang Kil Lee ),정규동 ( Kyu Dong Jung ),김종팔 ( Jong Pal Kim ) 한국센서학회 2004 센서학회지 Vol.13 No.6

N/A The resolution of the accelerometer, fabricated with MEMS technology is mainly affected by mechanical and electrical noise. To reduce mechanical noise, we have to increase mass of the structure part and quality factor related with the degree of vacuum packaging. On the other hand, to increase mass of the structure part, the thickness of the structure must be increased and ICP-RIE is used to fabricate the high aspect ratio structure. At this time, footing effect make the sensitivity of the accelerometer decreasing. This paper presents a hybrid SOG(Silicon On Glass) Process to fabricate a lateral silicon accelerometer with differential capacitance sensing scheme which has been designed and simulated. Using hybrid SOG Process, we could make it a real to increase the structural thickness and to prevent the footing effect by deposition of metal layer at the bottom of the structure. Moreover, we bonded glass wafer to structure wafer anodically, so we could realize the vacuum packaging at wafer level. Through this way, we could have an idea of controlling of quality factor.

자성유체의 온도에 따른 점성 변화를 이용한 미소 유체 소자

최범규 ( Bum Kyoo Choi ),오재근 ( Jae Geun Oh ),안정재 ( Jeong Jae Ahn ) 한국센서학회 2004 센서학회지 Vol.13 No.6

N/A This study focused on the charateristic of magnetic fluids, the viscosity deviation of magnetic fluids due to temperature changes, and fabrication of a `purely` liquid type microvalve. The viscosity of magnetic fluids decreases sharply during increasing of temperature. The viscosity of magnetic fluids is rated 1,000 cP at the room temperature and 25 cP when the temperature reaches 100 ℃. Briefly, it is remarkable that the fluid flow can be controlled by the temperature and this characteristic can be adopted to the microfluidics as a microvalve. The fabrication of a liquid type microvalve is more easy than solid state microvalves and which can increase an efficiency of the controlability with respect to the thermopneumatic micropump which is studied broadly for many years. When the magnetic fluid used as a sealant for high level sealing, the pressure leakage is less than solid state microvalve. The experimental results show that the pressure drop in microchannel. filled with the magnetic fluid, is significant in the temperature range of 20 ℃~50 ℃ and this result explains why the use of magnetic fluids is possible as a microvalve searcher uses this characteristics. Well known thermo-pnumatic.

결핵성 복막염의 진단적 접근

최문석(Moon Suk Choi),최일주(Il Ju Choi),이우진(Woo Jin Lee),윤용범(Yong Bum Yoon),송인성(In Sung Song),최규완(Kyoo Wan Choi),김정룡(chung Yong Kim) 대한소화기학회 1994 대한소화기학회지 Vol.26 No.1

N/A Tuberculous peritonitis is not a rare disease but diagnosis is often missed because of its var- iable and nonspecific clinical manifestations. Microbiologic or histologic confirmation is nec- essary for definite diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis but is not always possible; therapeutic trials with antituberculous medications may be necessary for some cases. This study was done to evaluate the efficiency of diagnostic modalities for tuberculous peritonitis and to provide the guideline for therapeutic trial. We reviewed the medical records of the 77 tuberculous peritonitis patients. Their clinical manifestations, ascites characteristics, results of microbiologic examinations of peritoneal fluid, peritoneal biopsy findings, and clinical response to antituberculous medications were analysed. Of the 77 cases, 28 were male and 49 were female patients. The mean age was 40 years. The rnost common symptoms were abdominal fullness(79%), fever/chill(64%), abdominal pain(64%) and malaise(61%). Physical exarnination showed shifting dullness in 79% of the cases, abdom- inal tenderress in 54%, rebound tenderness in 25%, and abdominal mass in 10%, Examination of peritoneal fluid revealed lymphocyte-predominant exudate in 78% of the cases. AFB smear and culture of peritoneal fluid were postitive only in 2% and 5% of the cases, respectively. His- tologic findings of peritoneal biopsy using the peritoneoscope were caseating granuloma(36%), non-caseating granuloma(54%) and nonspecific inflamation(10%). W ith antituberculous medi- cations, 64% of the cases showed clinical improvement within 2 weeks and 85% within 1 month. Peritoneal fluid examination and peritoneoscopic biopsy could provide important clues for diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis in many cases, but definite microbiologic or histologic di- agnosis was possible in only 38% of cases. In clinically suspected cases without definite diag- nosis, therapeutic trial with antituberculous medications is recommended and close follow-up for at least 1 month should be done to observe the clinical response.(Korean J Gastroenterol 1994; 26: 181 187)

Comparison of 2-year clinical outcomes between diabetic versus nondiabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction after 1-month stabilization: Analysis of the prospective registry of DIAMOND (DIabetic acute myocardial infarctiON Disease) in Korea: an

Hur, Seung-Ho,Won, Ki-Bum,Kim, In-Cheol,Bae, Jang-Ho,Choi, Dong-Ju,Ahn, Young-Keun,Park, Jong-Seon,Kim, Hyo-Soo,Choi, Rak-Kyeong,Choi, Donghoon,Kim, Joon-Hong,Han, Kyoo-Rok,Park, Hun-Sik,Choi, So-Yeon Williams & Wilkins Co 2016 Medicine Vol.95 No.25

<P>This study assessed the 2-year clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a cohort of the DIAMOND (DIabetic Acute Myocardial infarctiON Disease) registry. Clinical outcomes were compared between 1088 diabetic AMI patients in the DIAMOND registry after stabilization of MI and 1088 nondiabetic AMI patients from the KORMI (Korean AMI) registry after 1:1 propensity score matching using traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Stabilized patients were defined as patients who did not have any clinical events within 1 month after AMI. Primary outcomes were the 2-year rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), a composite of all-cause death, recurrent MI (re-MI), and target vessel revascularization (TVR). Matched comparisons revealed that diabetic patients exhibited significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate and smaller stent size. Diabetic patients exhibited significantly higher 2-year rates of MACE (8.0% vs 3.7%), all-cause death (3.9% vs 1.4%), re-MI (2.8% vs 1.2%), and TVR (3.5% vs 1.3%) than nondiabetic patients (all P<0.01), and higher cumulative rates in Kaplan-Meier analyses of MACE, all-cause death, and TVR (all P<0.05). A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that chronic kidney disease, LVEF<35%, and long stent were independent predictors of MACE, and large stent diameter and the use of drug-eluting stents were protective factors against MACE. The 2-year MACE rate beyond 1 month after AMI was significantly higher in DM patients than non-DM patients, and this rate was associated with higher comorbidities, coronary lesions, and procedural characteristics in DM.</P>

The Effect of Sopungchungyoung-tang on Activity of CD4 T cell

Choi Young Jin,Kang Hee,Myung Eu Gene,Shim Bum Sang,Choi Seung Hoon,Kim Sung Hun,Ahn Kyoo Seok The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2004 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Sopungchungyoung-tang (SCT) has been widely used in Korea as a treatment of atopic dermatitis. SCT consists of Talcum, Rehmannia glutinosa, Angelica sinensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Cnidium officinale, Ledebouriella divaricata, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, Scutellaria baicalensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Mentha arvensis, Cordyceps cicadae. We examined the immunological effect of SCT in vitro. We studied about the effect of SCT on Th cells' differentiation. In the case of CD4 T cells under neutral condition where there was only rIL-2 stimulus, SCT inhibited IFN-γ secretion by 70-80 %. Likewise, SCT also inhibited the IL-4 secretion of neutral Th cells by 85-90 %. We also experimented with the polarized Th1 cells/ Th2 cells and their production of IFN-γ and IL-4, respectively. There also were inhibitory effects on the polarized cells like there was on neutral cells, they were not as strong on the polarized cells. Under Th1 polarized condition, SCT acted dose-dependently, while in Th2 cells, the IL-4 production was inversely proportional to the doses of SCT. From the current study, it can be concluded that SCT exerts inhibitory effects on cytokine production without interfering with immune cells' activity. The result that SCT inhibits IFN-γ and IL-4 confirms that it does have a effect on immunomodulation.

자성유체의 자기적 거동특성을 이용한 광 스위치에 관한 연구

최범규,오재근,김도형,송관민 한국센서학회 2005 센서학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This paper presents the development of the optical switch using magnetic behavior of magnetic fluids, which is expected to be used broadly in high-speed information communication. The magnetic fluids for switching an incident light, have the magnetic characteristics of magnetic materials and fluidity of liquids, simultaneously. The relations are derived between the intensity of magnetic field and the angle of optical fiber which is bent by a behavior of magnetic fluid when the magnetic field is applied. When optical switch is implemented by the movement of liquid using magnetic fluid, the existing problem of durability for optical switch will be improved. Thus, this study shows the feasibility of the application for the optical switches using magnetic fluids.