Protocatechualdehyde isolated from phellinus gilvus is responsible for its DPPH free radicals scavenging activity and its inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production induced by Lipopolysaccharides in RAW264.7 macrophages

Zhi Qing Chang,Sam Pin Lee,Joo Heon Hong,Seung Chun Park 대한인수공통전염병학회 2008 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.1

Anti-oxidative, Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities and Irritation Test of the Fermented Opuntia humifusa Cladodes

Zhi-Qiang Chang,Mi-Hyun Hwang,Byung-Chul Oh,Sam-Pin Lee,Man-Hee Rhee,Kil-Soo Kim,Kyu-Shik Jeong,Jong-Choon Kim,Seung-Chun Park 한국독성학회 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.3

Opuntia humifusa is a member of the Cactaceae family. In the present study, the antioxidant, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities and potential irritation response of the fermented Opuntia humifusa cladodes (FOH) were investigated for cosmetic use. Antioxidant activities were tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and xanthine oxidase assay, we found that FOH could scavenge DPPH free radicals and inhibit xanthine oxidase activity in a dose dependent manner, with IC50 of 2599.46 ㎍/㎖ and 721.38 ㎍/㎖, respectively. To investigate the possible antiinflammatory effects of FOH, RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with FOH (0~400 ㎍/㎖) for 30 min and then treated with LPS for 24 h. We found that cell number did not vary significantly with the treatment of FOH, and FOH did not show any inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production. After application of FOH to rabbits for skin and eye irritation test, the experimental sites did not show any response compared to the control. FOH were considered to be a non-irritant to the skin and eye. Based on the above information, we suggest that FOH can be considered to be a non-irritant base cosmetic material for safely use.

Distortion Minimization for Relay Assisted Wireless Multicast

Zhi Chen,Pin-Han Ho,Limei Peng 한국통신학회 2018 Journal of communications and networks Vol.20 No.1

The paper studies the scenario of wireless multicast witha single transmitter and a relay that deliver scalable source symbolsto the receivers in a decode-and-forward (DF) fashion. Withthe end-to-end mean square error distortion (EED) as performancemetric, we firstly derive the EED expression for the L-resolutionscalable source symbol for any receiver. An optimization problemin minimizing the weighted EED is then formulated for finding thepower allocations for all resolution layers at the transmitter andthe relay. Due to nonlinearity of the formulations, we solve the formulatedoptimization problems using a generalized programmingalgorithm for obtaining good sub-optimal solutions. Case studiesare conducted to verify the proposed formulations and solution approaches. The results demonstrate the advantages of the proposedstrategies in the relay-assisted wireless networks for scalable sourcemulticast.

Anti-oxidative, Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities and Irritation Test of the Fermented Opuntia humifusa Cladodes

Chang, Zhi-Qiang,Hwang, Mi-Hyun,Oh, Byung-Chul,Lee, Sam-Pin,Rhee, Man-Hee,Kim, Kil-Soo,Jeong, Kyu-Shik,Kim, Jong-Choon,Park, Seung-Chun Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.3

Opuntia humifusa is a member of the Cactaceae family. In the present study, the antioxidant, nitric oxide(NO) inhibitory activities and potential irritation response of the fermented Opuntia humifusa cladodes(FOH) were investigated for cosmetic use. Antioxidant activities were tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and xanthine oxidase assay, we found that FOH could scavenge DPPH free radicals and inhibit xanthine oxidase activity in a dose dependent manner, with $IC_{50}$ of 2599.46${\mu}g/ml$ and 721.38${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. To investigate the possible anti-inflammatory effects of FOH, RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with FOH($0{\sim}400{\mu}g/ml$) for 30 min and then treated with LPS for 24 h. We found that cell number did not vary significantly with the treatment of FOH, and FOH did not show any inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production. After application of FOH to rabbits for skin and eye irritation test, the experimental sites did not show any response compared to the control. FOH were considered to be a non-irritant to the skin and eye. Based on the above information, we suggest that FOH can be considered to be a non-irritant base cosmetic material for safely use.

Hypoxia Induced Multidrug Resistance of Laryngeal Cancer Cells via Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α

Li, Da-Wei,Dong, Pin,Wang, Fei,Chen, Xin-Wei,Xu, Cheng-Zhi,Zhou, Liang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Objectives: To investigate whether hypoxia has an effect on regulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapeutic drugs in laryngeal carcinoma cells and explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$). Methods: Laryngeal cancer cells were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The sensitivity of the cells to multiple drugs and levels of apoptosis induced by paclitaxel were determined by MTT assay and annexin-V/propidium iodide staining analysis, respectively. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression was blocked by RNA interference. The expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ gene was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. The value of fluorescence intensity of intracellular adriamycin accumulation and retention in cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results: The sensitivity to multiple chemotherapy agents and induction of apoptosis by paclitaxel could be reduced by hypoxia (P<0.05). A the same time, the adriamycin releasing index of cells was increased (P<0.05). However, resistance acquisition subject to hypoxia in vitro was suppressed by down-regulating HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression. Conclusion: HIF-$1{\alpha}$ could be considered as a key regulator for mediating hypoxia-induced MDR in laryngeal cancer cells via inhibition of drug-induced apoptosis and decrease in intracellular drug accumulation.

Study on the differential gene expression of elm leaves fed on by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki

Hai‑bo Lu,Ling‑pin Jin,Dong Wei,Zhi‑hong Huang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.12

Background To study the essential molecular mechanism of gall formation is very important. Objective To investigate the differential gene expression in leaves fed on by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki and to provide a basis for the better understanding of the essential molecular mechanism of gall formation. Methods The infected leaves of the elm were divided into three periods: initial formation period (T2), growth and differentiation period (T3), and cracking period (T4). The untouched leaves were used as the control (T1). RNA-Seq was performed, and the high-quality sequences were mapped to the reference genome and the elm gene database to obtain the gene expression profiles. The expression level of each gene was calculated by the RPKM method. A combination of FDR ≤ 0.01 and the absolute value of |log2 ratio (T/CK)| ≥ 2 was used as the threshold to determine the significance of gene expression. Finally, GO and pathway enrichment analyses were used to identify the significantly enriched functional classification and metabolic pathways in DEGs. Results The results revealed that approximately 244 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T2, including 192 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated mRNAs; approximately 175 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T3, including 145 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated mRNAs; and approximately 372 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T4, including 360 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated mRNAs. Approximately 34 differentially expressed genes were identified by Venn analysis. Comparing the three infection periods to the control, there were 28 up-regulated and six down-regulated mRNAs. Additionally, 562 genes were used for cluster analysis, which revealed that the gene expression in T2 and T3 changed greatly. Genes related to cell proliferation and respiration, such as microtubulin and 6-phosphoric acid fructose kinase were mainly up-regulated during the T2 period. Genes encoding lipoxygenase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and protease inhibitor were up-regulated during T2 and T3. Genes encoding lignocellulose synthase were up-regulated during T4, which suggests the reinforcement of the cell wall to improve the resistance to the damage of the Tetraneura akinire Sasaki. Conclusions The results showed that the feeding of Tetraneura akinire Sasaki caused the differential expression of elm genes and influenced cellular energy metabolism. These changes in physiological response and gene expression of the elm compose the physiological and molecular basis of the gall formation and may improve the resistance of elm to Tetraneura akinire Sasaki.

Simultaneous treatment with sorafenib and glucose restriction inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo by impairing SIAH1-mediated mitophagy

Zhou Jing,Feng Ji,Wu Yong,Dai Hui-Qi,Zhu Guang-Zhi,Chen Pan-Hong,Wang Li-Ming,Lu Guang,Liao Xi-Wen,Lu Pei-Zhi,Su Wen-Jing,Hooi Shing Chuan,Ye Xin-Pin,Shen Han-Ming,Peng Tao,Lu Guo-Dong 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line treatment for unresectable intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is of high clinical significance to explore the synergistic effect of TACE with antiangiogenic inhibitors and the molecular mechanisms involved. This study determined that glucose, but not other analyzed nutrients, offered significant protection against cell death induced by sorafenib, as indicated by glucose deprivation sensitizing cells to sorafenib-induced cell death. Next, this synergistic effect was found to be specific to sorafenib, not to lenvatinib or the chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin. Mechanistically, sorafenib-induced mitophagy, as indicated by PINK1 accumulation, increased the phospho-poly-ubiquitination modification, accelerated mitochondrial membrane protein and mitochondrial DNA degradation, and increased the amount of mitochondrion-localized mKeima-Red engulfed by lysosomes. Among several E3 ubiquitin ligases tested, SIAH1 was found to be essential for inducing mitophagy; that is, SIAH1 silencing markedly repressed mitophagy and sensitized cells to sorafenib-induced death. Notably, the combined treatment of glucose restriction and sorafenib abolished ATP generation and mitophagy, which led to a high cell death rate. Oligomycin and antimycin, inhibitors of electron transport chain complexes, mimicked the synergistic effect of sorafenib with glucose restriction to promote cell death mediated via mitophagy inhibition. Finally, inhibition of the glucose transporter by canagliflozin (a clinically available drug used for type-II diabetes) effectively synergized with sorafenib to induce HCC cell death in vitro and to inhibit xenograft tumor growth in vivo. This study demonstrates that simultaneous treatment with sorafenib and glucose restriction is an effective approach to treat HCC, suggesting a promising combination strategy such as transarterial sorafenib-embolization (TASE) for the treatment of unresectable HCC.

Moderating Effects and Maintenance of Lung Cancer Cellular Immune Functions by CIK Cell Therapy

Jin, Cong-Guo,Chen, Xiao-Qun,Li, Jia,Wu, Zhi-Pin,Liu, Xin,Wang, Xi-Cai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Aims: To study the CIK cell treatment effects on regulation of cellular immune function disorders in patients with lung cancer, and to analyze the time characteristics. Methods: Cellular immune function was assessed by FCM, and patients with functional disorders were randomly divided into two groups, one given CIK cell therapy within 18 months (5 courses) and the other the controls, which were followed up for 1 year with cellular immune functions tested once a month. Results: There were 5 types of cellular immunity, 4 of which are disorders; after CIK treatment, the improvement rate of the 4 groups were 79.1%, 70.8%, 76.0% and 70.0%, intergroup differences not being statistically significant (P=0.675), all significantly higher than in the control group (P=0.000). The median maintenance times for the 4 groups were 10.4 months (9.76-11.04), 8.4 months (7.86-8.94), 9.8 months (9.20-10.4) and 7.9 months (6.25-9.55), respectively. Conclusions: CIK cells were able to improve the immune functions of patients with lung cancer, the rate of improvement and maintenance time being related to the immune function before the treatment and CIK-cell-therapy courses.

Phosphorylation of DYNLT1 at Serine 82 Regulates Microtubule Stability and Mitochondrial Permeabilization in Hypoxia

Xue Xu,Yue-sheng Huang,Qiong Zhang,Jiong-yu Hu,Dong-xia Zhang2,Xu-pin Jiang,jie-zhi Jia,Jing-ci Zhu 한국분자세포생물학회 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.36 No.4

Hypoxia-induced microtubule disruption and mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) are crucial events leading to fatal cell damage and recent studies showed that microtubules (MTs) are involved in the modulation of mitochondrial function. Dynein light chain Tctex-type 1 (DYNLT1) is thought to be associated with MTs and mitochondria. Previously we demonstrated that DYNLT1 knockdown aggravates hypoxia-induced mitochondrial permeabilization, which indicates a role of DYNLT1 in hypoxic cytoprotection. But the underlying regulatory mechanism of DYNLT1 remains illusive. Here we aimed to investigate the phosphorylation alteration of DYNLT1 at serine 82 (S82) in hypoxia (1% O2). We therefore constructed recombinant adenoviruses to generate S82E and S82A mutants, used to transfect H9c2 and HeLa cell lines. Development of hypoxia-induced mPT (MMP examining, Cyt c release and mPT pore opening assay), hypoxic energy metabolism (cellular viability and ATP quantification), and stability of MTs were examined. Our results showed that phosph-S82 (S82-P) expression was increased in early hypoxia; S82E mutation (phosphomimic) aggravated mitochondrial damage, ele-vated the free tubulin in cytoplasm and decreased the cellular viability; S82A mutation (dephosphomimic) seemed to diminish the hypoxia-induced injury. These data suggest that DYNLT1 phosphorylation at S82 is involved in MTs and mitochondria regulation, and their interaction and cooperation contribute to the cellular hypoxic tolerance. Thus, we provide new insights into a DYNLT1 mechanism in stabilizing MTs and mitochondria, and propose a potential therapeutic target for hypoxia cytoprotective studies.

Asian Organization for Crohn’s and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology consensus on tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment. Part 2: management

Dong Il Park,Tadakazu Hisamatsu,Min-Hu Chen,Siew Chien Ng,Choon Jin Ooi,Shu Chen Wei,Rupa Banerjee,Ida Normiha Hilmi,Yoon Tae Jeen,한동수,Hyo Jong Kim,Zhi Hua Ran,Kaichun Wu,Jiaming Qian,Pin-Jin Hu,Katsu 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.1

Because anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has become increasingly popular in many Asian countries, the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) among anti-TNF users may raise serious health problems in this region. Thus, the Asian Organization for Crohn’s and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have developed a set of consensus statements about risk assessment, detection and prevention of latent TB infection, and management of active TB infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving anti-TNF treatment. Twenty-three consensus statements were initially drafted and then discussed by the committee members. The quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations were assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Web- based consensus voting was performed by 211 IBD specialists from 9 Asian countries concerning each statement. A consensus statement was accepted if at least 75% of the participants agreed. Part 2 of the statements comprised 3 parts: management of latent TB in preparation for anti-TNF therapy, monitoring during anti-TNF therapy, and management of an active TB infection after anti-TNF therapy. These consensus statements will help clinicians optimize patient outcomes by reducing the morbidity and mortality related to TB infections in patients with IBD receiving anti-TNF treatment.