Production of 1,5-Dihydroxy-3-Methoxy-7-Methylanthracene-9,10-Dione by Submerged Culture of Shiraia bambusicola

( Yu Jie Cai ),( Yan Rui Ding ),( Guan Jun Tao ),( Xiang Ru Liao ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2008 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.18 No.2

Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture Pretreatment in Alleviating Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Interactions between the Cerebellar Fastigial Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamic Area

Yu Qing,Wu Li-bin,Zhang Fan,Wei Xiao-tong,Chen Pian-pian,Wang Shuai-ya,Cai Mei-yi,Shu Qi,Li Liao-yuan,Wu Zi-jian,Cai Rong-lin,Hu Ling 사단법인약침학회 2021 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.14 No.6

Background: Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) is an important mechanism of post-myocardial infarction injury and a main cause of death in patients with ischemic heart disease. Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment is effective for the prevention and treatment of MIRI, but mechanisms mediating the effects of cardiovascular disease EA treatments remain unclear. Objectives: To determine whether the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) and the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) are involved in the protective effects of EA stimulation on MIRI. Methods: EA pretreatment was performed for 7 days before the establishment of the MIRI model. ST-segment changes on electrocardiograms were recorded and the Curtis–Walker arrhythmia score was used to evaluate changes in reperfusion injury. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was applied to evaluate the pathological and morphological changes in myocardial tissue. c-fos expression in the LHA and FN was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Glutamic (Glu) and γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical method. Results: EA pretreatment reduced ST-segment elevation, arrhythmia scores, and morphological changes in MIRI myocardial cells in rats, and decreased the c-fos protein expression in LHA/FN nuclei. MIRI was associated with an imbalance between GABA and Glu levels, whereas EA pretreatment increased GABA levels and decreased Glu levels in the LHA/FN. Conclusion: FN and LHA are involved in the EA-mediated attenuation of MIRI. Pretreatment with EA plays a protective role in the myocardium by regulating Glu and GABA release in the LHA and FN.

Four Human Cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense (Eucestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in China with a Brief Review of Chinese Cases

Yu-Chun Cai,Shao-Hong Chen,Hiroshi Yamasaki,Jia-Xu Chen,Yan Lu,Yong-Nian Zhang,Hao Li,Lin Ai,Hai-Ning Chen 대한기생충학열대의학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.55 No.3

Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles as a Blood-Pool Contrast Agent for X-ray Computed Tomography in Mice

Cai, Quan-Yu,Kim, Sun Hee,Choi, Kyu Sil,Kim, Soo Yeon,Byun, Seung Jae,Kim, Kyoung Woo,Park, Seong Hoon,Juhng, Seon Kwan,Yoon, Kwon-Ha J.B. Lippincott 2007 Vol. No.

OBJECTIVES:: To present the pharmacokinetics and computed tomographic imaging efficacy of colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a blood-pool agent for x-ray computed tomography (CT). METHODS AND MATERIALS:: To prepare the colloidal AuNPs, gold nanocrystals were modified using sulfhydrated polyethylene glycol (PEG). Cytotoxicity and histopathologic tests were carried out for toxicity evaluation. Six adult Balb/c mice underwent microcomputed tomography scans after injection of colloidal AuNPs (2.5 μmol Au/g body weight). Four mice with HT-1080 tumors were imaged for visualization of the tumor vasculature. RESULTS:: The PEG coated colloidal AuNPs appeared as spherical nanoparticles with 38-nm diameters. The AuNPs-PEG showed a biocompatibility without toxicity in the mice. We identified a stable imaging window for visualizing the vasculature system, immediately to 24 hours after injection. Microcomputed tomography imaging using AuNPs-PEG clearly visualized the tumor vascular structures. CONCLUSION:: Colloidal AuNPs show potential as a blood-pool agent for x-ray CT imaging.

Modified Ferric Hydroxamate Spectrophotometry for Assaying Glycolic Acid from the Hydrolysis of Glycolonitrile by Rhodococcus sp. CCZU10-1

Yu-Cai He,You-Yan Liu,Cui-Luan Ma,Jian-He Xu 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.5

We successfully modified a ferric hydroxamate spectrophotometry method for assaying glycolic acid. Comparable to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based method, ferric hydroxamate spectrophotometry can be used to accurately monitor the time course of glycolonitrile bioconversion. Glycolic acid was assayed simply and rapidly at room temperature (25 ~35℃). Optimum culture conditions were obtained using this method to assay the glycolonitrile-hydrolyzing activity of Rhodococcus sp. CCZU10-1. The preferred carbon and nitrogen sources and ideal inducer were glucose (10 g/L),a composite of peptone (10 g/L) plus yeast extract (5 g/L),and ε-caprolactam (2 mmol/L), respectively. The optimal growth temperature and initial medium pH for Rhodococcus sp. CCZU10-1 glycolonitrile-hydrolyzing activity were 30℃ and pH 7.0. Modified ferric hydroxamate spectrophotometry could potentially be employed to assay other carboxylic acids.

Pantropical climate interactions

Cai, Wenju,Wu, Lixin,Lengaigne, Matthieu,Li, Tim,McGregor, Shayne,Kug, Jong-Seong,Yu, Jin-Yi,Stuecker, Malte F.,Santoso, Agus,Li, Xichen,Ham, Yoo-Geun,Chikamoto, Yoshimitsu,Ng, Benjamin,McPhaden, Mich American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2019 Science Vol.363 No.6430

<P><B>Tropical interconnections</B></P><P>The El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which originates in the tropical Pacific, affects the rest of the world's tropics by perturbing global atmospheric circulation. Less appreciated than this influence is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans affect the Pacific. Cai <I>et al.</I> review what we know about these pantropical interactions, discuss possible ways of improving predictions of current climate variability, and consider how projecting future climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios may be improved. They argue that making progress in this field will require sustained global climate observations, climate model improvements, and theoretical advances.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. eaav4236</P><P>The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which originates in the Pacific, is the strongest and most well-known mode of tropical climate variability. Its reach is global, and it can force climate variations of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans by perturbing the global atmospheric circulation. Less appreciated is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans affect the Pacific. Especially noteworthy is the multidecadal Atlantic warming that began in the late 1990s, because recent research suggests that it has influenced Indo-Pacific climate, the character of the ENSO cycle, and the hiatus in global surface warming. Discovery of these pantropical interactions provides a pathway forward for improving predictions of climate variability in the current climate and for refining projections of future climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios.</P>

CVM을 통한 하이서울페스티벌의 가치평가

Cai Yu Jin,Bo Ma,So Eun Kim 강원대학교 경영연구소 2010 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 축제의 가치를 최대지불의사액(WTP)을 통해 측정하고자 시도되었다. 연구대상이 된 하이서울페스티벌은 서울의 대표축제로 육성하고자 2003년부터 개최된 축제이다. 서울시는 이를 통해 관광객을 유치하고 문화관광지로서 서울의 이미지를 재정립하여 경제적 이익을 창출하고자 하는데 목표를 두었다. 하지만 해마다 상이한 콘셉트와 행사 개최장소의 변경으로 인해 축제의 정체성이 모호하며, 초기의 목표와는 달리 가시적인 성과를 얻고 있지 못한 실정이다. 이러한 문제점에 착안하여 축제개최장소별 CVM을 활용한 가치추정을 통해 하이서울페스티벌의 가치를 추정하고, 향후 정책적 시사점을 도출하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과 축제개최장소별 비이용가치는 상이한 것으로 나타났는데 이는 각 장소별 프로그램의 성격과 개최장소의 특징에 기인한 것으로 추측된다. 또한 하이서울페스티벌의 비이용가치 추정을 통한 경제적 가치는 422억 원으로 나타나 현재 시민들이 느끼는 편익의 가치는 큰 것으로 나타났다. 즉 향후 하이서울페스티벌의 기획에 있어서는 장소성을 가진 장소에서의 특성화된 프로그램의 개발을 통해 방문객들의 만족도를 향상시켜 축제의 가치를 높이는 방안이 검토되어야 할 것이다. This article estimates the total evaluation of the festival and investigates the determinants of visitors' WTP(willingness to pay) for the festival. Hi Seoul Festival is a way to introduce Korean culture to other foreigners as well as to serve as an economic and cultural stimulus for Seoul. A contingent evaluation survey was conducted and a total of 763 useful samples were collected. The results show that the evaluation of the festival were different across three different WTPs which were calculated as 2,846 won, 3,321 won, and 4,838 won. The annual total benefits value is calculated as 433.767 billion Korean won. And visitors' sex and visitors' satisfaction(keep up festival, need to modify) was a important determinants of the WTP for a visit. These findings may provide guidance managers and practitioners who help maintain the Hi festival.

The protective effects of BMSA1 and BMSA5-1-1 proteins against Babesia microti infection

Yu-Chun Cai,Chun Li Yang,Peng Song,Muxin Chen,Jia-Xu Chen 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2024 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.62 No.1

The intracellular parasite Babesia microti is among the most significant species causinghuman babesiosis and is an emerging threat to human health worldwide. Unravelling thepathogenic molecular mechanisms of babesiosis is crucial in developing new diagnosticand preventive methods. This study assessed how priming with B. microti surface antigen1 (BHSA 1) and seroreactive antigen 5-1-1 (BHSA 5-1-1) mediate protection against B. microti infection. The results showed that 500 µg/ml rBMSA1 and rBMSA5-1-1 partiallyinhibited the invasion of B. microti in vitro by 42.0±3.0%, and 48.0±2.1%, respectively. Blood smears revealed that peak infection at 7 days post-infection (dpi) was 19.6%,24.7%, and 46.7% in the rBMSA1, rBmSA5-1-1, compared to the control groups (healthymice infected with B. microti only), respectively. Routine blood tests showed higher whiteblood cell, red blood cell counts, and haemoglobin levels in the 2 groups (BMSA1 andBMSA5 5-1-1) than in the infection control group at 0–28 dpi. Moreover, the 2 groups hadhigher serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-17A levels, and lowerIL-10 levels than the infection control group throughout the study. These 2 potential vaccine candidate proteins partially inhibit in vitro and in vivo B. microti infection and enhancehost immunological response against B. microti infection.

중국어 落 류 동사의 의미지도 연구 : 이동동사 掉 , 落 을 중심으로

채춘옥(CAI CHUN YU) 한국중국문화학회 2022 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.73

본 연구에서는 유의어인 掉 와 落 을 중심으로 의미 확장 양상을 비교 분석하여 개념 간의 밀접도에 근거하여 개념공간을 구축하고 의미지도를 그려보았다. ‘落 류 동사는 공간-시간-추상화 , 물리적-사회적-심리적 으로 의미 확장을 한다. 어원이 다른 ‘掉 와 ‘落 의 의미 변화 연속체를 살펴보면 ‘落 는 기점, 과정, 종점을 직시적 중심으로 하며 ‘掉 에 비하여 훨씬 많은 의미 확장이 일어난다. 형태-통사 변화 연속체를 살펴보면 하향성(移落)을 나타내는 동사에서 수평성(移位)을 나타내는 동사로 사용되고, ‘V掉 에서는 보어, ‘V落 에서는 보어, 조사, 개사로 허화되었다. 본고에서는 落 류 동사의 의미 확장과 문법화 경로를 일목요연하게 보여주어 사전 편찬 및 중국어 교육현장에서 필요한 언어자료로 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것이다. This study comparatively analyzed the aspect of semantic extension focusing on synonyms 掉 and 落 , and then established the conceptual space and drew the semantic map based on the closeness between concepts. The verbs in the group of ‘落 show the semantic extension like space-time-abstraction and physical-social-psychological . In the results of examining the semantic change continuum of ‘掉 and ‘落 with different derivation, ‘落 takes the starting point, process, and end as the presentive center, and also has a lot more semantic extensions than ‘掉 . Examining the morphologic-syntactic change continuum, it was used as a verb meaning the horizontality from a verb meaning the downwardness. It was shown as a complement in ‘V掉 , and also shown as a complement, postposition, and preposition in ‘V落 . This thesis clearly shows the semantic extension and grammaticalization path of verbs in a group of 落 , which could be usefully used as a linguistic material necessary for the compilation of dictionaries and the field of Chinese language education.

『박통사(朴通事)』에 나타난 ‘옥황자(玉黃子) 유황□고’와 ‘호랄빈(虎剌賓) 유황외엿’에 대한 연구

여채려 ( Yu Cai-li ) 한국어문교육연구회 2018 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.46 No.1

본고는 ‘玉黃子’에 대응되는 ‘유황□고’, ‘虎剌賓’에 대응되는 ‘유황외엿’을 어떻게 이해하는지, 이렇게 언해한 이유가 무엇인지를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 합성어의 후행성분인 ‘□고’, ‘외엿’을 볼 때, ‘유황□고’ 는 ‘살구의 일종’으로, ‘유황외엿’은 ‘오얏의 일종’으로 생각하기 쉽다. ‘유황□고’, ‘유황외엿’의 의미를 파악하기 위해서는 무엇보다 대응 한어인 ‘玉黃子’와 ‘虎剌賓’에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 그런데 중국어에서 ‘玉黃子’는 ‘살구’가 아닌 ‘오얏’을 지칭하고, ‘虎剌賓’은 ‘오얏’이 아닌 ‘멋’을 가리킨다. 그러므로 ‘유황□고’로 언해한 이유는 ‘玉黃子’가 오얏나무에 살구나무를 접붙여 생긴 연한 노란색 오얏이었기 때문으로 보았다. ‘유황’은 ‘玉黃’의 발음을 차용한 것으로 ‘연한 노란색’을 뜻한다. ‘虎剌賓’에 대응되는 ‘유황외엿’도 환경과 접목법 때문에 梨果인 ‘오얏’으로 언해한 것으로 판단하였다. ‘유황외엿’의 ‘유황’은 ‘누르스름하다’를 뜻하는 몽골어인 ‘qula’에서 온 ‘虎剌’를 언해한 결과로 보았다. The purpose of this paper is to examine how to understand the meaning of ‘yuhwangsalgo(유황□고)’ that correspond to Chinese word ‘yuhuangzi(玉黃 子)’, and the meaning of ‘yuhwangwaeyeot(유황외엿)’ that correspond to Chinese word ‘hulabin(虎剌賓)’. And also examine what the reason for this translation is. According to the last component part, it's easy to consider that the ‘yuhwangsalgo’ is a type of apricot, and the ‘yuhwangwaeyeot’ is a type of plum. Most of all, for understanding the meaning of these two korean words, we need to examine ‘yuhuangzi’ and ‘hulabin’. In Chinese, the ‘yuhuangzi’ refers to a plum not an apricot, and the ‘hulabin’ refers to a malus not a plum. Therefore, we can suppose the reason for translating ‘yuhuangzi’ as ‘yuhwangsalgo’ would be that the ‘yuhuangzi’ is the fruit from plum tree which grafted with apricot tree. ‘yuhwang’ is a loanword from ‘yuhuang’. Also because of the grafting, ‘hulabin’ was translated into ‘yuhwangwaeyeot’. ‘hula’ is a loanword from Mongolian word ‘qula’ which means yellowish.