중국 문화외교의 발전 과정과 제 문제

판보싱 ( Bo Xing Pan ),남창희 ( Chang Hee Nam ) 연세대학교 통일연구소 2011 통일연구 Vol.15 No.2

2008년 베이징 올림픽 성공개최와 대조적으로 2008년 금융위기로 노출된 미국 경제력의 상대적 쇠퇴로 중국의 부상은 더욱 빨리 가시화되고 있다. 중국 정부는 국내적으로는 2020년까지 소강사회(小康社會)를 건설하겠다는 목표를 제시하였고, 대외적으로는 점진적으로 중국의 국력에 걸맞는 외교적 지위 신장을 추구하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 야심적인 목표의 실현을 위해서는 우호적인 국제 환경의 조성과 긍정적이고 매력적인 국가이미지의 전파 역시 중요한 필요조건이다. 문화외교는 여러 가지 외교수단 중 하나로서 중국의 부상에 따른 외부의 우려를 불식시키기 위한 전략적 요소로 인식되고 있다. 중국은 문화외교를 통해 서양문화의 일방적 수입에 제동을 걸고 한편 새로운 소프트 파워로서 외교력을 배양하고자 노력하고 있다. 중국은 문화외교 초기 미국, 프랑스 등 선진국의 경험으로부터 배우기 위해 노력하였지만 경제력 상승에 따른 자신감에 힘입어 문화외교에 있어서의 독자노선을 구상하기 시작하였다. 문화외교는 공공외교 영역에서도 특별히 문화의 매력적 내용과 그 속에 담긴 가치를 중시한다. 중국은 막강한 경제력을 통해 공자학원, 올림픽, 문화년 등 다양한 문화행사와 프로젝트를 통해 중국문화를 전 세계에 보여주고 있다. 이러한 중국의 문화외교 행보가 대체로 성공했다는 평가를 받고 있으나 동시에 향후 해결해야 할 여러 가지 구조적 문제 역시 도전요인으로 작용하고 있다. The rise of China has become increasingly visible after the successful hosting of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which contrasted markedly with the relative decline of the US economic leadership revealed by the recent financial crisis. Beijing aims to realize its national goal of building an equally affluent society by 2020, while simultaneously promoting greater diplomatic influence that matches its economic power. Beijing has recognized that its favorable reputation in international society would be a necessary condition to achieve its ambitious objectives as planned. Against this backdrop, cultural diplomacy is regarded by China`s leadership as an important instrument to deal with spreading concerns overseas over Chinese hegemonic ambition. In an effort to emerge as a new Soft Power, Beijing has launched various cultural diplomacy programs, which include the Confucius School program, the Olympics, and the Chinese Culture Year programs. While these aggressive cultural diplomacy initiatives attract attention worldwide, problems still remain to be addressed by their planners.

Imaging Anatomy of Waldeyer's Ring and PET/CT and MRI Findings of Oropharyngeal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Zhang, Chun-Xing,Liang, Long,Zhang, Bin,Chen, Wen-Bo,Liu, Hong-Jun,Liu, Chun-Ling,Zhou, Zheng-Gen,Liang, Chang-Hong,Zhang, Shui-Xing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Background: This study was conducted to analyze positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance with oropharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ONHL).Materials and Methods: The complete image data of 30 ONHL cases were analyzed, all patients were performed PET / CT and MRI examination before the treatment, with the time interval of these two inspections not exceeding 14 days. The distribution, morphology, MRI signal characteristics, enhancement feature, standardized uptake value (SUV) max value and lymph node metastasis way of the lesions were analyzed. Results: Among the 30 cases, 23 cases were derived from the B-cell (76.7%), 5 cases were derived from the peripheral T cells (16.7%) and 2 cases were derived from the NK/T cells (6.7%). 19 cases exhibited the palatine tonsil involvement (63.3%). As for the lesion appearance, 10 cases appeared as mass, 8 cases were the diffused type and 12 cases were the mixed type. 25 cases exhibited the SUVmax value of PET / CT primary lesions as 11 or more (83.3%). MRI showed that all patients exhibited various degrees of parapharyngeal side-compressed narrowing, but MRI still exhibited the high-signal fat, and the oropharyngeal mucosa was intact. 25 cases were associated with the neck lymph node metastasis, among who 22 cases had no necrosis in the metastatic lymph nodes, while the rest 3 cases exhibited the central necrosis in the metastatic lymph nodes. Conclusions: PET / CT and MRI have important value in diagnosing and determining the lesion extent of ONHL.

A Study of the Cultural Policy of the Communist Party of China towards Ethnic Minorities in the New Century

Xing Yi Ye,Bo Wang 한국문화정책학회 2015 문화정책 Vol.2 No.2

China has been a united, multi-ethnic country since ancient times, in addition to the Han, 55 ethnic minorities have created other ethnic cultures with their own rich content, distinctive features, and diverse forms in the long history of development. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has attached great importance to the culture construction of ethnic minority since its foundation. In the new century, China views the prosperity of ethnic culture is an important part of the implementation of the scientific concept of development and the comprehensive construction of a well-off society. This also endows ethnic minority cultures with new contents. This article not only discusses the new contents but also surveys the development process of cultural policy of ethnic minorities and sums up the historical experiences of the development of cultural policy covering ethnic minorities in China.

Exploring the Heat Treatment Parameters, Microstructural Evolution, and Mechanical Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Fabricated by a Selective Laser Melting Process

Xing Gao,Ning Zhang,Yi Zhang,Mingrui Chen,Yan Ding,Bo Jiang,Yazheng Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.11

The effects of heat treatment parameters on the mechanical properties of a selective laser melting Ti–6Al–4V alloy werestudied using an L9 (34) type orthogonal test. Results showed that the solution temperature and aging temperature were themost influential factors relative to the mechanical properties. The optimum heat treatment was then obtained as 920 °C/2 h/water quenching + 550 °C/3 h/air cooling and the corresponding tensile strength was 1045.2 MPa and the elongation was13.6%. Compared to a solution temperature of 850 °C, more fine secondary α phase (αS) and higher geometrically necessarydislocations (GND) density were obtained when solution temperature was 920 °C, which promoted the increased strengthby increasing the interface strengthening effect of αS/β and the dislocation strengthening. However, the microstructure of thecontinuously coarsening αGB resulted in decreased elongation when the solution was at 920 °C. As the aging temperatureincreased from 550 to 650 °C, the GND density was reduced and the microstructures of primary α (αP), αS with variouscrystallographic orientations, lamellar α, and equiaxial αP were coarsened. Therefore, the elongation of the specimen agingat a higher aging temperature increased while the strength decreased.

Research on Long Transaction Support for HBase

Bo Shen,Xing Miao,Cong Zhang,Ningwei Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.5

The evolution property of four-body concurrence in Jaynes-Cummings model

Xing-Ri JIN,Shou ZHANG,Bo-Xue LIU,Chung-In UM,Kyu-Hwang YEON 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.4

We realized the four-body approximate W state by the interaction of two atoms and two mode vacuum cavity fields, no matter that the two atoms are initially in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled states or in disentangled states. The four-body entanglement changes with the initial state of the system and the detuning degree. What’s important is that when the two atoms are initially in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen, the entanglement of atom-atom and field-field can reach a maximal value of 1. Also if the two atoms are initially in disentangled tates, the entanglement of atom-atom andfield-field won’t go beyond 1/2.

Contribution of Lipids in Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Royal Jelly to Health

Xing-An Li,Chaoqun Huang,Yun-Bo Xue 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.2

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) royal jelly (RJ) has a long history in human medicine because of its health-protecting properties. To develop a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of lipids in RJ, this article reviews the available literature on lipid compounds identified from RJ extracts and in vitro pharmacological effects of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in RJ and other closely related compounds, some of which are also identified as lipid compounds in RJ. Overall, the lipids in RJ are composed of mostly (aliphatic) fatty acids, almost all of which are present as free fatty acids and scarcely any as esters. Most fatty acids in RJ are medium-chain fatty acids, whether hydroxylated in terminal and/or internal positions, terminated with mono- or dicarboxylic acid groups, and saturated or monounsaturated at the 2-position. Besides these fatty acids, lipids in RJ contain sterols in minor amounts. Lipids in RJ are useful as preventive and supportive medicines with functionalities that include potential inhibitors of cancer growth, immune system modulators, alternative therapies for menopause, skin-aging protectors, neurogenesis inducers, and more. Taken together, the evidence suggests that health-protecting properties of RJ can be, in part, ascribed to actions of lipids in RJ.

Ce3+ triggers fenton-like processes in neutral solutions for effective catechol degradation

Xing Chen,Xu Liu,Hai-Bo Wang,Kang-Ping Cui,Rohan Weerasooriya,Shi-Long He,Guang-Hong Li,Jun Pan,Kai Zhou 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.1

Classical Fenton and Fenton-like processes destruct organic pollutants in water non-selectively to complete mineralization. However, the usage of classical Fenton or Fenton-like processes is often limited due to the narrow operational pH window, sludge accumulation, inefficient H₂O₂ and efficiency decline. To overcome these constraints, in this study, we used a homogeneous Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-Ce<SUP>3+</SUP>-H₂O₂ Fenton-like process to degrade catechol at different experimental conditions. At pH 7, almost 97% of 10 mM catechol can be destructed within 60 min while the degradation by Classical Fenton or Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-H₂O₂ Fenton-like process only 36.2% and 23.7%. The resultant solution after the degradation contains only traces of cerium ions. The sludge created by the process was extensively characterized by FTIR and XPS spectroscopy to elucidate the fate of cerium ions. Electron spin resonance (ESR) data confirmed •OH as the major free radical in Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-Ce<SUP>3+</SUP>-H₂O₂ process. Our Fenton-like process widens the optimal pH values to neutral condition.

Leader-Follower Consensus for a Class of Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems

Xing-Hu Wang,Hai-Bo Ji 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2012 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.10 No.1

This paper deals with the leader-follower consensus problem for a class of nonlinear multi-agent sys-tems. All agents have identical nonlinear dynamics in the strict feedback form with Lipschitz growth condition. Both full state consensus protocol and dynamic output consensus protocol are provided. It is shown that under a connected undirected information communication topology, the proposed protocols can solve the leader-follower consensus problem. Two consensus protocol design procedures are presented and a numerical example is given to illustrate the proposed protocols.

Identification of Specific Gene Modules in Mouse Lung Tissue Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Xing, Yong-Hua,Zhang, Jun-Ling,Lu, Lu,Li, De-Guan,Wang, Yue-Ying,Huang, Song,Li, Cheng-Cheng,Zhang, Zhu-Bo,Li, Jian-Guo,Xu, Guo-Shun,Meng, Ai-Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.10

Background: Exposure to cigarette may affect human health and increase risk of a wide range of diseases including pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung fibrosis and lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis induced by cigarettes still remain obscure even with extensive studies. With systemic view, we attempted to identify the specific gene modules that might relate to injury caused by cigarette smoke and identify hub genes for potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers from specific gene modules. Materials and Methods: The dataset GSE18344 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and divided into mouse cigarette smoke exposure and control groups. Subsequently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a gene co-expression network for each group and detected specific gene modules of cigarette smoke exposure by comparison. Results: A total of ten specific gene modules were identified only in the cigarette smoke exposure group but not in the control group. Seven hub genes were identified as well, including Fip1l1, Anp32a, Acsl4, Evl, Sdc1, Arap3 and Cd52. Conclusions: Specific gene modules may provide better understanding of molecular mechanisms, and hub genes are potential candidates of therapeutic targets that may possible improve development of novel treatment approaches.