Comparison of volatile organic compounds from uninfested and Monochamus alternatus Hope infested Pinus massoniana Lamb.

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.3

Monochamus alternatus is a destructive stem‐boring herbivore of Pinus massoniana, and the principal vector of pine wood nematode. To investigate the impacts of boring by M. alternatus larvae on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from their host trees, the VOCs from uninfested and M. alternatus larvae infested P. massoniana trees were observed using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. We detected 12, 9, 18 and 14 volatile organic compounds from infested xylem, infested phloem, uninfested xylem and uninfested phloem, respectively. In P. massoniana xylem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced cyclosativene, and inhibited 4‐carene, humulene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene and γ‐terpinene. The relative amounts of camphene, copacamphene, longicyclene, longifolene, tricyclene and α‐longipinene were significantly increased, and the relative amounts of α‐pinene and β‐pinene were significantly decreased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. In P. massoniana phloem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced 2‐bornanone, copacamphene, longicyclene and α‐longipinene, and inhibited 2‐carene, 4‐carene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene and ο‐cymene. The relative amounts of camphene, caryophyllene and longifolene were significantly increased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. The results indicate that the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae changed both the sorts and contents of the VOCs from P. massoniana trees.

Evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements during silkworm domestication

Min‑Jin Han,Hong‑En Xu,Xiao‑Min Xiong,Hua‑Hao Zhang 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.10

Although there are some documented examples on population dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) in model organisms, the evolutionary dynamics of TEs in domesticated species has not been systematically investigated. The objective of this study is to understand population dynamics of TEs during silkworm domestication. In this work, using transposondisplay we examined the polymorphism of seven TE families [they represent about 59% of silkworm (Bombyx mori) total TE content] in four domesticated silkworm populations and one wild silkworm population. Maximum likelihood (ML) was used to estimate selection pressure. Population differentiation and structure were performed by using AMOVA analysis and program DISTRUCT, respectively. The results of transposon-display showed that significant differentiation occurred between the domesticated silkworm and wild silkworm. These TEs have experienced expansions and fixation in the domesticated silkworm but not in wild silkworm. Furthermore, the ML results indicated that purifying selection of TEs in the domesticated silkworm were significantly weaker than that in the wild silkworm. Interestingly, an adaptation insertion induced by BmMITE-2 was found, and this insertion can reduce the polymorphism of the flanking regions of its neighboring COQ7 gene. Our results suggested that TEs expanded and were fixed in the domesticated silkworm might result from demographic effects and artificial selection during domestication. We concluded that the data presented in this study have general implication in animal and crop improvements as well as in domestication of new species.

Identification of differentially expressed immunity‐related genes in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae parasitized by Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4

The pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest of several Pinus species, and the ectoparasitoid larvae of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an important natural enemy of this pest. The transcriptome of M. alternatus larvae was sequenced using the Illumina platform and immunity‐related genes were specifically analyzed. De novo assembly resulted in the identification of 24 241 unigenes, with a mean length of 1122 bp, in unparasitized M. alternatus larvae and 23 807 unigenes, with a mean length of 1140 bp, for parasitized larvae. Removal of redundant unigenes resulted in 26 095 all‐unigenes, of which 16 959 (64.99%) showed clear homology with some of the known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information nr database. Parasitization had notable effects on the transcriptome profile of M. alternatus larvae. In all, 2702 genes were differentially expressed in M. alternatus larvae after parasitization, with 1491 (55.18%) upregulated and 1211 (44.82%) downregulated. Moreover, expression levels of immunity‐related genes in M. alternatus larvae were markedly altered in response to parasitization by D. helophoroides. In conclusion, the transcriptome profiling data, especially the discovered of immunity‐related genes, help illustrate the molecular mechanisms of parasitism between D. helophoroides and M. alternatus and provide new insights into developing immunity regulation‐mediated control methods of M. alternatus.

Three-dimensional Network Structure of Conductive Composites by Hybrid Conductive Fillers of Silver/graphene

Xiao Min Zhang,Kun-yan Wang,Guo Zhao,Qi Long Li,Bin Wang 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.6

In order to explore new generations of interconnecting materials in electronic packaging industries, silvernanoparticles (Ag NPS) and graphene nanosheets (GNS) were introduced into matrix resin to prepare conductive composites. The electrical and mechanical of above electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) were investigated and characterized. It wasfound that the ECAs can be solidified through a chemical sintering in the air at 150 oC for 30 min. The results indicated thatthe percolation threshold of resistivity reaches 3.5×10-4 Ω·cm for ECAs filled with 65 wt.% Ag NPS, 0.5 wt.% GNS and theshear strength reaches 10.8 MPa, suggesting excellent electric conductivity and bonding strength.

Some Further Results on Weighted Sharing of Values for Meromorphic Functions Concerning a Result of Terglane

Li, Xiao-Min,Yi, Hong-Xun Department of Mathematics 2008 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.48 No.3

In this paper, we deal with the problem of meromorphic functions that have three weighted sharing values, and obtain some uniqueness theorems which improve those given by N. Terglane, Hong-Xun Yi & Xiao-Min Li, and others. Some examples are provided to show that the results in this paper are best possible.

Performance of fluidized bed electrode in a molten carbonate fuel cell anode

Jubing Zhang,Zhaoping Zhong,Jianmin Xiao,Zongming Fu,Jinxiao Zhao,Weiling Li,Min Yang 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.8

A fluidized bed electrode could lower concentration polarization and activation polarization because of its high mass and heat transfer coefficient. The polarization characteristics of the fluidized bed electrode are systematically investigated in a molten carbonate fuel cell anode with an O_2/CO_2/gold reference electrode. The results show that polarization performance of the anode is improved by selecting proper flow rates of H_2, O_2 and CO_2, choosing suitable nickel particle content together with appropriate O_2/CO_2 ratio, and increasing reaction temperature as well as the area of the current collector. Limiting current density of 115.56 mA·cm^(−2) is achieved under optimum performance as follows:a cylindrically curved nickel plate current collector, nickel particle content of 7.89%, the reaction temperature of 923 K,H_2 flow rate of 275 mL·min^(−1), O_2/CO_2 flow rate of 10/20 mL·min−1 and O_2/CO_2 ratio of 1 : 2.

RESULTS ON MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS SHARING THREE VALUES WITH THEIR DIFFERENCE OPERATORS

Xiao-Min Li,Hong-Xun Yi,Cong-Yun Kang 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.5

Under the restriction of finite order, we prove two uniqueness theorems of nonconstant meromorphic functions sharing three values with their difference operators, which are counterparts of Theorem 2.1 in [6] for a finite-order meromorphic function and its shift operator.

하수슬러지-혼합가스 분위기에서 Fe-Cr 강의 고온 부식거동 연구

Xiao Xiao,이동복(Dong Bok Lee),김민정(Min Jung Kim) 한국열환경공학회 2020 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2020 No.춘계

대기오염 발생 주범인 석탄화력발전은 환경 오염물질 배출 및 기후변화에 크게 영향을 미치는 온실가스를 과다 배출시켜 전세계적으로 사용을 줄여나가고 있는 추세이다. 하지만 아직까지 현실적으로 안정적인 운전이 가능한 신재생에너지 발전기술은 개발되지 않고 있다. 친환경 석탄화력발전 기술 중 하나인 석탄가스화 복합 화력 발전(IGCC:Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)은 석탄을 고온·고압에서 가스화 하여 이산화탄소, 질소산화물 및 분진의 발생량을 저감 할 수 있지만 석탄에 소량 함유되어 있는 유황이 가스화의 환원성 분위기에서 부식성이 강한 황화수소(H2S)로 전환되어 발전 설비 부품의 부식을 촉진시켜, 현재 사용 중인 발전설비를 그대로 적용하기에 한계가 있다. 하수슬러지는 연소 시 Fe2O3, P2O5, Al2O3, CaO 등을 주로 형성하며, 부식성이 낮다. 현재 석탄화력발전에 사용되는 석탄의 사용량을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있어 석탄과 하수슬러지를 혼소하여 발전하고 있다. 하지만 하수슬러지에 가장 많이 함유되어 있는 인이 연소할 때 형성되는 P2O5는 망간, 아연, 철 등이 용출되는 것을 막아 부식을 저감시키는 부식억제제로 사용되지만, 공기 또는 수분 등과 반응하여 부식성이 강한 H3PO4(인산)을 생성한다. 하지만 아직까지 하수슬러지가 석탄화력발전과 비슷한 혼합가스 분위기에서 나타나는 부식거동에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않고 있어 이와 관련된 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 석탄 화력 발전설비 중 과열기 튜브, 보일러 배관 및 보일러 전열관 등에 많이 사용되는 9Cr-1Mo 강을 하수슬러지 고형연료 분말에 침지시켜 유사한 (0.3% SO2-6% O2-10% H2O-balance CO2)-혼합 가스 분위기에서 650-750oC의 온도로 부식시험하여, 고온 부식거동을 살펴보고자 하였다.

Studies on the Extent of Understanding of Sports for Public Good of College Sports Majors

( Xiao Min Huo ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: Sports for public good refers to public service means through physical activity to help people in need of help "resolve the psychological pressure, psychological rehabilitation and health development". In China, it is the field has just begun and has much room for development. Furthermore, understanding of the sports for public good has become a key factor of involved in the activities because college sports majors are the main implementers. So, we conducted a study on these issues, aimed at understanding knowledge of the sports philanthropy of the Chinese sports major students. Methods: This article employs many kinds of method such as literature research, the expert interview, the questionnaire survey, the mathematical statistic and the logical analytic method. Results: 3.1 By statistics, it is found that college PE majors` overall understanding of sports for public good situation is not optimistic, and more than 59.9% of the students have never heard of the concept of sports for public good. The other 40.1% of the students have heard of sports for public good, but do not know the specific meaning; and the proportion of students involved in sports for public good is even lower, with less than 7.8%. 3.2 On geographical distribution, the degree of understanding of the sports for public good of the college sports majors in China`s eastern cities is relatively higher than the less developed western regions, reaching 47.3%, while it is only 25.4% in the western regions; In terms of city size, the degree of understanding of sports for public good from sports majors in first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou is better than that of the second and third tier cities. The reason is, first, because the economy is relatively developed in eastern regions and there are plenty of economic strength and relatively sophisticated mechanisms to organize college students to carry out sports for public good. Second, because the second and third tier cities are relatively closed, with insufficient flow of information and access, coupled with most of NGO institutional organizations are located in China`s first tier cities and larger second-tier cities, thus, the above-described distribution is formed. 3.3 Studies have shown that higher grades (third and fourth grade) students` view of life and values is more mature, with relatively small academic pressure, and the extent of their understanding of the "public good" is more comprehensive and objective than that of the lower-grade students. Enhanced social responsibility will encourage them to join the public good cause, hence, the degree of participation and understanding of sports for public good among students in higher grades is higher than students in lower grades. Conclusion: Firstly, China`s sports for public good is on fledgling stage with larger space for development, and college sports majors overall understanding of sports for public welfare needs to be improved. Secondly, as urban distribution and economic development is not balanced, sports majors` sports for public good awareness level in eastern cities is higher than that of the western cities, and that of first tier cities is higher than that of second and third-tier cities. Thirdly, due to the academic burden and other factors, the proportion of student participation in sports for public good is proportional with increase in grade. Proposal: NGO and other relevant organizations should make appropriate publicity or use the Internet and other media for student exchanges between eastern cities and western cities or between large cities and medium-sized cities to strengthen college sports majors understanding of the sports for public good to attract them to join sports for public good cause.

The dynamic response of the FGM coated half-plane with hysteretic damping under time harmonic loading

Xiao-Min Wang,Liao-Liang Ke,Yue-Sheng Wang 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.87 No.1

This paper investigates the dynamic response of a functionally graded material (FGM) coated half-plane excited by distributed time harmonic loading. Three types of typical distributed surface loads, including uniform load, Hertz load, and square-root singular load, are considered. The mass density and elastic modulus of the FGM coating are supposed to be described by the exponential function. The material damping is modelled by a linearly hysteretic damping which is expressed by a complex modulus in the time harmonic motion. Using Fourier integral transform technique and numerical integral method, the effects of the excitation frequency, gradient index, damping, and load type on the dynamic stresses and displacements are discussed.