In Vitro Screening for Compounds Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicines with Antiviral Activities Against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

( Jia Cheng ),( Na Sun ),( Xin Zhao ),( Li Niu ),( Mei Qin Song ),( Yao Gui Sun ),( Jun Bing Jiang ),( Jian Hua Guo2 ),( Yuan Sheng Bai ),( Jun Ping He ),( Hong Quan Li ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.8

Seventeen compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) were tested for their antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in vitro. Visualization with the cytopathologic effect (CPE) assay and the 3-(4, 5-dimethyithiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test were used to determine the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and 50% effective concentration (EC50) in cultured Marc-145 cells. Among the tested compounds, chlorogenic acid and scutellarin showed potential anti-PRRSV activity. The EC50 values were 270.8 ± 14.6 μg/ml and 28.21 ± 26.0 μg/ml and the selectivity indexes were >5.54 and 35.5, respectively. The time-of-addition and virucidal assay indicated that the anti-PRRSV activity of the two compounds could be due to their inhibiting the early stage of virus replication and/or inactivating the virus directly. The inhibition of the virus attachment was not observed in the adsorption inhibition assay. The inhibition ratios of chlorogenic acid and scutellarin were, respectively, 90.8% and 61.1% at the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations. The results have provided a basis for further exploration of their antiviral properties and mechanisms in vivo. We believe that the chlorogenic acid and scutellarin have a great potential to be developed as new anti-PRRSV drugs for clinical application.

Simultaneous distillation-extraction for manufacturing ultra-high-purity electronic-grade octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4)

Wenhui Guo,Shuhu Guo,Xu Zhao,Zhenjun Yuan,Yu Zhao,Xin Chang,Hong Li,Xiong Zhao,Ye Wan,Dazhou Yan,Zhongyuan Ren,Xiaolei Fan,Xin Gao 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.109 No.-

Ultra-high-purity (UHP) electronic-grade octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) is the key precursor of lowdielectricconstant (low-k) SiCOH films to manufacture integrated circuits (IC), meeting the stringentrequirements of the rapidly developing semiconductor industry. Commonly, metallic impurities in D4were removed by multiple unit operations of adsorption, filtration, and distillation, which could reducethe concentration of a single metallic impurity below 1 ppb. However, D4 with higher purity is requiredby semiconductor production due to an increase in transistor density. Herein, a novel method based onthe integrated simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE) was developed for manufacturing UHPelectronic-grade D4. The lab and pilot scale experiments showed that the purity of water and D4 has apositive correlation. Based on the experimental data, a double-column process, consisting of azeotropic/extractive distillation column and precision distillation column with UNIQUAC method, was establishedto access the feasibility of scaling up the SDE process. According to the simulation results, D4with the purity > 99.999 wt.% and total metallic impurities (TMI) content below 1 ppb could be obtainedusing ultra-pure water.

Theoretical Studies on Nitramine Explosives with -NH2 and -F Groups

Guo Zheng Zhao,Ming Lu 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.6

The nitramine explosives with -NH2 and -F groups were optimized to obtain their molecular geometries and electronic structures at DFT–B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. The theoretical molecular density (ρ), heat of formation (HOF), detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P), estimated using Kamlet-Jacobs equations, showed that the detonation properties of these compounds were excellent. Based on the frequencies scaled by 0.96 and the principle of statistic thermodynamics, the thermodynamic properties were evaluated, which were respectively related with the temperature. The simulation results reveal that 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocan-2- amine (molecule B1) performs similarly to the famous explosive HMX, and 2-fluoro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazinane (molecule C1) and 2-fluoro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (molecule D1) outperform HMX. According to the quantitative standard of energetics and stability as an HEDC (high energy density compound), molecules C1 and D1 essentially satisfy this requirement. These results provide basic information for molecular design of novel high energetic density compounds.

Comparison of Forage Quality, Productivity and β-carotene Content according to Maturity of Forage Rye (Secale cereale L.)

Zhao, Guo Qiang,Wei, Sheng Nan,Li, Yan Fen,Jeong, Eun Chan,Kim, Hak Jin,Kim, Jong Geun The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2020 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.40 No.3

These experiments were to investigate the variations of rye on forage quality, productivity and β-carotene concentration affected by maturity in Pyeongchang region. Limited information are available about how forage quality and β-carotene content are affected by various factors. Samples were collected from rye harvested every 5 days, from April 25 to May 31 (April 25, April 30, May 4, May 9, May 15, May 21, May 25 and May 31). Dry matter (DM) content, plant height, DM yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield increased continuously with the progressed maturity. However, crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) decreased markedly with the delay of harvesting, while TDN content decreased from April 25 till May 15, then followed by a stable fluctuation. Conversely, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) value increased and then fluctuated slightly after blooming stage. For quality of plant parts, stem contained the lowest CP content and RFV value, and the highest ADF and NDF contents compared with other parts, while the grain showed the higher CP, IVDMD, RFV and lower fiber contents than others. With the plant matured, leaf proportion decreased while stem and grain proportion increased, and feed value of all the three parts decreased till blooming stage and followed by a stable phase. β-carotene concentration showed its highest on jointing stage, and then fell down sharply on the sequential stages. In conclusion, harvest around May 15 (blooming) is proper for forage rye if directly consumed by livestock as green chop in Pyeongchang under the consideration of both nutritive yield and forage quality.

Hypoxia-induced circRNF13 promotes the progression and glycolysis of pancreatic cancer

Zhao Qiuyan,Zhu Zhonglin,Xiao Wenqin,Zong Guanzhao,Wang Chuanyang,Jiang Weiliang,Li Kai,Shen Jie,Guo Xingya,Cui Jianhua,Guo Lihong,Wan Rong 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant tumors. Rapid progression and distant metastasis are the main causes of patient death. Hypoxia is a hallmark of multiple cancers and is involved in tumor biology. However, little is known about the roles of circRNAs in glycolysis and hypoxia-mediated progression of PC. Here, the expression pattern of hypoxia-related circRNAs was analyzed using RNA sequencing. A unique circRNA termed circRNF13 was found to be upregulated in PC tissues and may be a potential prognostic indicator. HIF-1α and EIF4A3 are involved in regulating the biogenesis of circRNF13. Furthermore, circRNF13 was validated to exert a stimulative effect on cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and glycolysis. Importantly, we found that circRNF13 promoted PDK3 levels by acting as a miR-654-3p sponge, thus promoting the PC malignant process. Collectively, our results reveal that hypoxia-induced circRNF13 mediated by HIF-1α and EIF4A3 promotes tumor progression and glycolysis in PC, indicating the potential of circRNF13 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PC.

A Novel Curved-Coil Transmitter for Quasiomnidirectional Wireless Power Transfer

Guo Bochao,Zhao Yubo,Chen Wei,Guo Ni,Tian Zijian 한국전자파학회 2023 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.23 No.2

Achieving stable power transfer by merely relying on quasi-omnidirectional couplers is challenging. In this paper, we propose a quasi-omnidirectional wireless power transfer (QWPT) system with a novel curved-coil transmitter to achieve steady transmission performance. A single power source is used to drive the transmitter's current without using a phase and current control methodology. Power is transmitted to the receiver through magnetic resonant coupling at a distance of 50 mm. Moreover, an equivalent circuit model of the curved-coil system is derived and mathematically analyzed. The mutual inductance of the proposed QWPT system is evaluated through analysis and experiments. The experimental results for the resonant coupling system confirm the theoretical analysis of the performance of the curved-coil transmitter and quasi-omnidirectional power transfer.

Study of Digital Photogrammetric Observation Techniques and Methods in the Hillslope Soil Erosion Processes

Guo Minghang,Zhao Jun,Liu Puling,Cao Xiaoping,Guo Xiaomu 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Varistor and dielectric properties of Cr2O3 doped SnO2eZn2SnO4 composite ceramics

Guo-Zhong Zang,Feng-Zi Zhou,Jing-Xiao Cao,Xiao-Fei Wang,Zhao-Wu Wang,Li-Ben Li,Guo-Rong Li 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.12

Cr2O3 doped SnO2eZn2SnO4 composite ceramics were prepared by traditional ceramic processing and the varistor, dielectric properties were investigated. With increasing Cr2O3 content, the breakdown electrical field EB increases from 11 to 92 V/mm and the relative dielectric constant εr measured at 1 kHz, 50 C decreases from 11,028 to 3412, respectively. The barrier height fB about 0.8e0.84 eV and the decreasing of SnO2 grain size suggest that the varistor behavior with high εr is originated from SnO2 eSnO2 or SnO2eZn2SnO4 grain boundary. In the dielectric spectra lower than 1 kHz, a dielectric peak is presented and depressed with increasing bias voltage. Similarly, at high temperature, the dielectric constant also presents a dielectric peak in the temperature spectra and the peak becomes faint with increasing frequency. The exhibition of the dielectric peak is thought to be attributed to the conduction of grain boundary since it is accompanied by the sharp increase of dielectric loss. In addition, a dielectric relaxation with the activation energy about 0.4e0.5 eV was observed in the temperature range of 20 e100 C. Based on the results, the formation mechanism of Schottky barriers at grain boundaries and the varistor behavior with high dielectric constant are well understood.

Effect of harvest dates on β-carotene content and forage quality of rye (Secale cereale L.) silage and hay

( Guo Qiang Zhao ),( Sheng Nan Wei ),( Chang Liu ),( Hak Jin Kim ),( Jong Geun Kim ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.2

Limited data about the effects of various factors on forage quality and β-carotene content of rye produced in Korea are available, so this study investigated the effects of two preservation methods. Samples were collected from rye harvested every 5 days between April 25 and May 31, and comparisons were done among rye silage wilted for different periods of time and hay of three growth stages of rye. For the silage, dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents increased with advanced maturity of rye, whereas crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative feed value (RFV), and DM loss decreased (p < 0.0001). Wilting increased the DM content and pH value significantly (p < 0.0001). Silage harvested at the heading stage had the lowest pH value (4.45), propionic acid (0.83 g/kg DM), butyric acid (0 g/kg DM), and fungi and yeast populations (3.70 Log CFU/g of fresh matter [FM]); conversely, it had the highest lactic acid (9.7 g/kg DM), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (6.87 Log CFU/g of FM), total microorganisms (TM) (7.33 Log CFU/g of FM), and Flieg’s score (70) (p < 0.0001). Wilting elevated LAB and TM populations, but it had no consistent effect on other fermentation products. Both delayed harvest and prolonged wilting decreased β-carotene content. Rye silage harvested around May 9 (heading stage) with 24 h of wilting was preferred for highland, Pyeongchang. For rye hay, advanced maturity decreased DM loss, IVDMD, TDN, and RFV, but it increased DM, ADF, and NDF significantly (p < 0.05). β-carotene was decreased by delay of hay-making. Consequently, to attain lower DM loss and higher hay quality, the harvest date of May 9 (heading stage) is recommended.

The hypothetical cuticular protein, CPH19, is involved in cuticle formation during molt of silkworm Bombyx mori

Zhao Chenyue,Huang Qunxia,Qian Yuxin,Zhao Xuhui,Guo Shigang,Kan Yunchao,Li Dandan 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.3

The cuticle supports the insect body and serves as a protective barrier against pathogens and pesticides. We found that the gene CPH19, encoding the hypothetical cuticular protein 19 (CPH19) of the silkworm Bombyx mori, was highly expressed in the cuticle during larval molt. Injection of CPH19 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into the hemolymph of 2-day-old third instar larvae (2dLa3) accelerated insect molting at the La3-La4 and La4-La5 transitions. Nevertheless, the larvae injected with CPH19 dsRNA had difficulty shedding their cuticle and suffered from molt defects, and their exuviae were larger and heavier than those of the control group. Morphological comparison of the exuviae between CPH19 dsRNA-injected and control larvae showed that the exocuticle-endocuticle layer was thicker in the former. The effect of CPH19 dsRNA injection on gene expression was further investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Surprisingly, the mRNA levels of CPH19 and other CP genes such as CPH18, CPH20, CPR69, CPR96, CPR97, CPR98 and CPR100, as well as chitinase genes such as chs-2 and chsA, were significantly increased in the CPH19 dsRNA-injected insects compared to the control. Bioinformatic predictions and luciferase assay analyses identified a proximal promoter near the transcription start site of CPH19 with strong transcriptional activity that may be involved in an RNAbased promoter targeting mechanism mediated by small activating RNAs (saRNAs). Treatment with the insec ticide decamethrin revealed that CPH19 dsRNA-injected larvae were more resistant to insecticides than control larvae, which could be exploited for the development of new pest control strategies.