임진왜란 발발기의 관군(官軍)과 의병(義兵)- 당파적 인식의 청산을 위하여 -

이태진 ( Tae Jin Yi ) 경상대학교 남명학연구소 2014 남명학연구 Vol.41 No.-

임진왜란에 대한 인식에는 당파적 성향이 강하다. 전란이 일어나기 9년 전(1583)에 栗谷 李珥가 10만 양병을 주장한 것, 1590-91년 通信使 일행의 보고가 正使, 副使 간에 서로 달랐던 것에 대한 논란이 대표적이다. 두 가지는 이 시대 역사 인식에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있는 것인데도 객관적 분석, 판단보다도 분쟁적 측면이 필요이상으로 강조되는 경향이 있다. 당시 사대부들은 心性 도야를 중시하는 性理學者들이었다. 따라서 공과 사를 분명히 가리고, 강한 是非之心을 가졌다. 조정에 나아와서는 聖聰, 곧 군주의 옳은 판단을 이끄는 데 기여하는 것을 사명으로 삼아, 정사를 논할 때 자신의 견해를 엄정하게 표현하는 한편, 동료의 진언에 잘못이 보이면 지위 고하를 막론하고 논척하였다. 그러나 상대의 논변이 설득력이 있거나 실제의 사세에서 자신의 견해가 잘못된 것을 발견하면 이를 인정하기를 미덕으로 삼았다. 10만 양병설이나 통신사 보고 건에 관한 오늘날의 대척적 인식은 사실은 당대 관련자들 사이의 인식보다도 더 과장된 면이 없지 않다. 이 글은 당대의 관련 기록에 근거하여 후대의 부정적 윤색을 걷어내어 바른 지식과 인식을 확보하는 데 기여하고자 한다. 栗谷 李珥의 10만 양병제안, 鶴峰 金誠一의 의병 招諭의 역할, 西厓 柳成龍의 관군 재건의 공로를 주요 논제로 한다. The factional recognition is particularly strong on two facts below relating to the Toyotomi`s invasion to Korea in 1592. First, Yi-I (李珥), Minister of Military Affairs, suggested to raise 100,000 soldiers for the security of national defense in 1583, 9 years before the invasion, Second, Hwang Yun-kil(黃允吉), the Senior Envoy and Kim Seong-Il(金誠一), the Deputy Envoy of the Embassy to Japan in 1590, who were belong to different faction, presented different prospect on the possibility of invasion in each return report. Bothe cases`s disputable aspects which could affect the right recognition of the history at that time were improperly emphasized more than objective analysis or judgement by the factional bias in the later period. The literati including the high-ranking government officials at that time were Neo-Confucians who considered the cultivation of mind for the right judgement important in order to support the royal rule pursuing the equity. Therefore, official and private matters were distinguished cleary in their mental world and they had strong intend to judge right and wrong(是非之心). In government, focusing on following the right judgements of the king when discussed government affairs, subjects had to express their own opinions strictly. On the other hands, when they found wrongs from their colleagues` advises, they argued regardless of their titles or positions. However, when subjects considered it a merit to accept other`s persuasive opinion or their advises` defaults. The opposite recognitions shown from cases of raising 100,000 soldiers and reports from the senior and deputy envoys of the Embassy to Japan in 1590 were rather exaggerated somehow than the actual state in the later periods. This paper talks about the two topics to recover the correct history.

전국 관청의 금연프로그램 실시 현황과 문제점

이상욱,오희철,이지전,김태욱,허남욱 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions and problems of anti-smoking education programs in government offices for civil servants. A mail-in survey was carried out for the chief of the general affairs of 248 government offices. 1. There were 154 responses to the surveys. Only 34 govermental offices have carried out anti-smoking education programs for civil servants. 2. Only one office has a department to supervise an anti-smoking program. 17 offices have 1 worker and thirteen offices have no manpower to supervise anti-smoking program. 3. Only eight offices have budgeted for anti-smoking programs. The average budget was 3,750,000Won. Expected budget for smoking cessation program was 7,500,000 Won. 4. 25 offices have an anti-smoking lecture program for civil servants. Only five offices have an anti-smoking counseling services for smokers. 5. Only seven surveys responded that civil servants had a positive response to anti-smoking programs. 6. The most important problem of anti-smoking programs in governmental offices was the lack of concern of civil servants. Governmental offices have to provide the greatest administrative services and services concerning the quality of life for citizens. Anti-smoking education programs in governmental offices for civil servants was the beginning of an activity of the services concerning the quality of life for citizens. Governmental offices have to actively implement anti-smoking programs for civil servants.

18-19세기 서울의 근대적 도시발달 양상

李泰鎭 서울시립대학교 부설 서울학연구소 1995 서울학연구 Vol.- No.4

熱傳導度 差를 利用한 실리콘 絶對 濕度 센서

李承煥,安台煥,安大植 충주대 2004 産業科學論文集 Vol.12 No.-

We research on a silicon micromachined absolute humidity sensor in this paper. The sensing mechanism of this sensor uses the thermal conductivity difference of air itself and the air with the amount of water vapor. The micro-heater made by using Pt/Ta_(x)O_(y) bilayer, which is annealed in air ambient for 1 hour at 650 ℃ temperature, shows an excellent short-term stability. After temperature compensation, the humidity sensor follows one characteristic output voltage curve according to absolute humidity value. The sensitivity of absolute humidity sensor is decreased from 0.534 mV/[g/㎥] to 0.375 mV/[g/㎥] in the temperature range from 25 ℃ to 55 ℃ respectively.

Bacillus subtilis가 생산하는 항진균성 항생물질 LAM-44B의 정제 및 특성

이동희,권태종 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 2005 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.30 No.-

A novel antifungal antibiotic for medically isolated azole-resistant Candida albicans was purified from the culture broth of Bacillus subtilis LAM 97-44 by butanol extraction. Diaion HP-20 and Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography, silica gel flash chromatography followed by 1st and 2nd HPLC and designated LAM-44B. LAM-44B was stable for 60min at 100℃, and pH range from 2 to 12. MIC value were observed at 1-6㎍/mL against various Candida albicans strains. The antibiotic showed no acute toxicity to rat, and no cytotoxicity to S180, MKN-45 P388, HeLa and 3T3 cell lines. LAM-44B was colorless powder soluble in water, methanol, butanol and positive to ninhydrin, Molish and Anthrone reaction. The antibiotic had maximum absorption at 281, 292, 305 and 320nm in methanol, and melting point was 232℃. The molecular weight and formula were determined to be 696 and C35H54NO13 by 'H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, ESI mass spectrum and elemental analysis.

Bacillus subtilis LAM 97-44가 생산하는 항진균성 항생물질의 정제 및 특성

이동희,이노운,권태종 한국농화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.2

병원에서 분리한 azole계 항진균성 항생물질에 대한 내성을 가지고 있는 Candida albicans에 대해 강한 활성을 가지는 항진균성 물질을 Bacillus subtilis LAM 97-44의 배양액으로부터 분리 정제한 후 그 특성을 조사하였다. 원심분리한 배양상등액을 butanol 추출, Diaion HP-20 과 Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography, silica gel flash chromatography와 HPLC로 정제하였고 TLC와 HPLC로 확인하여 그 물질을 LAM-44A라 명명하였다. LAM-44A는 pH와 열에 매우 안정하였으며 Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp. 등에 대해 강한 활성을 나타낸 반면에 독성은 매우 적었다. 분리한 물질은 273 nm에서 최대흡광도를 가진 융점 202˚C의 무색분말이었으며 ninhydrin 반응결과 음성이었고 ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, IR spectrum, 원소분석 등의 결과로 볼 때 분자량 282의 C_14H_34O_5의 화학식을 가진 물질로 동정되었다. A novel antifungal antibiotic for azole-resistant Candida albicans was purified from the culture broth of Bacillus subtilis LAM 97-44 by butanol extraction, Diaion HP-20 and Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography, silica gel flash chromatography followed by HPLC and designated LAM-44A. LAM-44A was stable for 60 min at l00˚C, and pH range from 2 to 10. MIC values were observed at 0.5-3.5 ㎍/㎖ against various Candida albicans strains. The antibiotic showed no cytotoxicity for S180, MKN-45, P388, HeLa and 3T3 at the concentration of 1 ㎎/㎖. LAM-44A was colorless powder soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, butanol and negative to ninhydrin reaction. The antibiotic had maximum absorption at 273 nm in methanol, and melting point was 202˚C. The molecular weight and formula were determined to be 282 and C_14H_34O_5 by ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, IR spectrum and elemental analysis.

<捷解新語> 改修1次本의 국어학적 고찰

李太永 全北大學校 語學硏究所 1990 어학 Vol.17 No.-

Soft chelating irrigation이 GP/AH Plus로 충전된 근관의 sealing ability에 미치는 영향에 대한 평가

유이숙,김태균,이광원,유미경 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 glucose leakage test를 이용하여 soft chelating irrigation이 근관 충전의 sealing ability에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 발치된 45개의 단근치를 수집하여 치관부를 잘라내 치근이 총 13mm가 되게 하였다. 근관은 K3 NiTi 구동 기구를 사용하여 성형하고 #45/.06 taper까지 확대하였다. 3개의 실험군(n=13)과 2개의 대조군(n=3)으로 나누었다. 실험군은 다음의 세척 방법으로 처리하였다. 1군, 2.5% NaOCl로 세척; 2군, 2.5% NaOCl로 세척 후 17% EDTA로 최종 세척; 3군, 2.5% NaOCl과 15% HEBP 혼합 용액으로 세척, 근관은 gutta-percha와 AH Plus를 사용하여 측방가압으로 충전하였다. , 습도 100%에서 7일 동안 보관하고 glucose leakage model을 이용하여 치관부로부터 치근부 방향의 미세누출을 정량화하였다. 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28일 째 누출된 glucose의 농도를 spectrophotometry로 측정하였다. 분석 결과 모든 실험군에서 실험 기간 동안 누출이 증가하는 경향이 있었다. HEBP처리군은 실험 기간 동안 EDTA처리군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. HEBP처리군은 21일 이후부터 도말층으로 덮인 NaOCl처리군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 누출을 보였다. HEBP로 처리된 상아질은 EDTA로 처리된 상아질과 비슷한 양상의 폐쇄를 보였으나 도말층이 남아있는 상아질보다는 우수한 sealing ability를 나타냈다. 그러므로 약한 킬레이트제인 HEBP는 EDTA의 대안이 될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of soft chelating irrigant on the sealing ability of root fillings by using a glucose leakage test. A total of 45 single-rooted teeth were selected for the study. The teeth were decoronated leaving a total length of 13mm. The root canals prepared using K3 NiTi rotary instruments to an apical dimension of size 45(0.06 taper). The specimens were then randomly divided into 3 experimental groups of 13 roots each and 2 control groups of 3 roots each. Specimen in each group were prepared with different irrigation protocols : group 1, 2.5% NaOCl; group 2, 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA: group 3, 2.5% NaOCl and 15% HEBP. The root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using lateral condensation. After 7 days in , 100% humidity, the coronal-to-apical microleakage was evaluated quantitatively using a glucose leakage model. The leaked glucose concentration was measured with spectrophotometry at 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. There was a tendency of increase in leakage in all experimental groups during experimental period. HEBP-treated dentin showed no significant difference with EDTA-treated dentin during experimental period. From the 21th day onward, HEBP-treated dentin showed significantly lower leakage than smear-covered dentin. HEBP-treated dentin displayed a similar sealing pattern to EDTA-treated dentin and a better sealing ability than smear-covered dentin. Consequently, a soft chelator(HEBP) could be considered as the possible alternative to EDTA.

우수여자 유도선수들의 연간 트레이닝과 디트레이닝에 따른 무산소성 역치의 변화

홍관이,정정진,김학렬,김기진,조현철,손태열,노성규 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.2 No.1

The seasonal variance for estimate of exercise intensity, energy expenditure, maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of elite women judo players(Group Ⅰ:4,Group Ⅱ: 4) was measured during 3,5,7,9,10month. The results of this study is as follows. 1. Exercise intensity by %HRmax during seasonal training was shown range of 56.45-73.62, 65.56-82.15, 80.03-86.62, 62.06-68.83%HRmax, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warm up, additional exercise, main exercise and cooling down. 2. Energy expenditure per min during seasonal training was shown range of 4.09-7.96, 5.41-8.66, 8.95-9.90 and 5.05-6.41Kcal/min, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warn up, additional exercise, main exercise, main exercsie and cooling down. 3. Changes of maximal oxygen uptake(VO₂max)during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, maximal heart rate during detraining expressed significant difference(p<0.05) between both group. 4. Anaerobic threshold levels during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, AT-VE(1/min) and AT- work time(min) of group Ⅱ expressed significant difference(p<0.01) in the seasonal variance.

수치해석을 통한 오븐건조 작업에서의 칼라 강판 온도예측

이태우,이경우,최민석,이덕재 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Paint coating process on steel sheet has to be carried out for producing prepainted steel sheet by continuous process. After coating process, drying processes are needed. Temperature control of oven system directly affects on the product quality, such as, a coherence of coating and state of surface. In this study, heat transfer coefficients were calculated by 3-dimensional heat flow analysis from hot wind of nozzle to steel sheet and values of PMT(Peak Metal Temperature) of steel sheets were predicted by adapting that value to 2-dimensional analysis and using the coefficients. Conditions of numerical analysis were obtained from orthogonal arrary which is known as Taguchi method. Coefficients of heat transfer coefficient equation were derived from the second order regression model. By comparing numerical analysis with experimental results, the accuracy of numerical analysis was verified. Moreover we analyzed the effect of various conditon of factors, such as velocity and thickness of steel sheet, temperature of hot wind and the type of steel sheet. (Received December 17, 2003)