Development of AI Education Program on Natural Language Processing

Lim,Saeyi(Saeyi Lim),Han,Sun Kwan(Sun Kwan Han) 경인교육대학교 교육연구원 2022 교육논총 Vol.42 No.-

The purpose of this study is to design and develop an education program about natural language processing (NLP) in the school curriculum, understand, experience, and utilize the concept of natural language processing, and considers related ethical issues. Though NLP is a major learning component of artificial intelligence (AI) education, few educational programs have been researched about NLP education. Accordingly, the development direction of the NLP education program was set by analyzing the relevant literature, curriculum, and textbook contents, and the results of expert validity analysis were reviewed. According to the reviewed development direction, the 22nd session of education programs and materials was developed. As a result of expert validity analysis, the educational program’s content validity was assessed. The program was then augmented and updated by the open response. It is expected that the developed curriculum-based NLP education program will be used as data for realizing AI education in the school field.

뉴스포츠 관련 연구의 성과와 과제

김효림(Kim Hyo ?Lim),오원선(Oh Won-Sun),이병준(Lee Byoung-Jun) 한국체육교육학회 2016 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.20 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 국내의 뉴스포츠 관련 연구물을 대상으로 연구의 성과, 연구목적, 연구방법(연구대상, 연구종목, 연구기간, 자료수집, 자료분석)등을 교육과정에 제시된 신체활동가치영역별로 분류하여 분석하고 향후 뉴스포츠 연구의 방향을 제시하는데 목적을 두었다. 그 동안의 뉴스포츠 관련 연구의 성과와 과제를 규명하기 위하여 총 109편의 연구물을 선정하여 내용분석을 실시하였으며 분석결과는 다음과 같다: (1) 2001년부터 연구된 뉴스포츠 연구물들의 양적 성과는 2011년 18편(16.5%), 2010년 17편(15.6%), 2014년 15편(13.8%), 2013년 12편(11.0%), 2008, 2009년 11편(10.1%)의 순으로 나타났다. (2) 뉴스포츠별 연구 종목 분석에서는 총 46개의 종목이 297회에 걸쳐 적용되었으며 티볼이 44회(14.8%), 플라잉디스크 36회(12.1%), 핸들러 23회(7.7%), 츄크볼 22회(7.4%), 넷볼 19회(6.4%), 티니클링 16회(5.4%)순으로 나타났다. (3) 연구의 목적은 정의적 접근 30.3%, 통합적 접근 23.8%, 기타 18.6%, 인지적 접근 14.6%, 심동적 접근 12.7%로 나타났다. (4) 연구방법 분석에서는 실험연구가 35.3%, 질적연구 32.5%, 조사연구 23.8%, 혼합연구3.7%의 순으로 나타났다. 연구 대상자의 특성 분석에서는 중학생 33.9%, 초등학생 25.7%, 교사 20.7%, 기타 11.8% 순으로 나타났으며, 성별로는 혼성 74%, 남자 8.4%, 여자 7.1% 순으로 나타났다. 연구 기간은 12주 미만 28.8%, 12주 이상 69.5% 였으며, 12주 21%, 8주 11.3% 순으로 나타났다. 자료수집은 총 496개의 양적, 질적 방법과 도구들이 활용되었고, 양적 자료수집(40.0%)보다 질적 자료수집(60.0%)이 더 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 총 54개의 검사지가 사용된 심리측정도구는 국내 검사지 수정 53.8%, 외국 검사지 번안 17.0%, 외국검사지 수정 16.0% 국내 검사지 개발 13.2%로 나타났다. 자료분석은 총 339개로 질적 자료분석(31.3%) 보다 양적 자료분석(68.7%)이 더 많이 사용되었다. 아울러 연구의 성과를 종합하여 추후 과제에 대하여 논의하였다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes, the aims, and the methodologies (e.g. samples, items of practice, duration, data collection, data analyses) on researches of New Sports in order to suggest future directions of researches in the field of school-based physical education. Methods: For this purpose, a total of 109 articles were collected and examined from KISS, RISS and National Assembly Library. These articles were classified into five value domains of physical activities presented in physical education curriculum: health, challenge, competition, expression, and leisure. Results: The results are summarized into four categories. (1) The number of articles on New Sports that began in 2011 are comprised of eighteen articles (16.5%), in 2010 seventeen articles (15.6%), in 2014 fifteen articles (13.8%), in 2013 twelve articles (11.0%), and in 2008-2009 eleven articles (10.1%). (2) Forty six different types of New Sports were applied 297 times, and these News Sports are Tee ball(14.8%), Flying disc(12.1%), Handler(7.7%), Tchoukball(7.4%), Netball(6.4%), and Tinikling(5.4%). (3) The aims of these researches comprised of effectiveness(30.3%), holistic practice (23.8%), unclassified(18.6%), cognitive approach(14.6%), and psychomotor(12.7%). (4) The types of methodologies comprised of experimental research(35.3%), qualitative research(32.5%), survey(23.8%), and mixed research(3.7%). The researched samples comprised of middle school students (33.9%), elementary school students(25.7%), teachers(20.7%), and others(11.8%). The samples groups in the articles were both males and females(74%), males only (8.4%), and females only(7.1%). With the regards to the duration of researches, 69.5% of the articles spent more than 12 weeks in the research study. Major tools of data collection used by researchers were qualitative methods(60.0%) and quantitative methods(40.0%). With the regards to the psychological measurements, researchers used scales developed by foreign scholars(33%) and domestic scholars(67%). Future research directions of New Sports in Korea were suggested with respect to these results.

De novo 시퀀스 어셈블리의 overlap 단계의 최근 연구 실험 분석

임지혁(Jihyuk Lim),김선(Sun Kim),박근수(Kunsoo Park) 한국정보과학회 2018 정보과학회논문지 Vol.45 No.3

여러 DNA 리드 시퀀스가 주어졌을 때, de novo 시퀀스 어셈블리는 레퍼런스 시퀀스 없이 하나의 시퀀스를 재조립한다. 재조립을 위해 de novo 시퀀스 어셈블리는 리드 사이의 모든 겹침을 계산하는 overlap 단계가 필요하다. Overlap 단계는 전체 연산 중 비용이 가장 많이 들기 때문에 어셈블리의 계산성능을 좌우한다. 여러 분야에서 overlap 단계를 위한 연구가 많이 발표되고 있는데, 그 중 가장 최신의 세 연구 결과는 Readjoiner, SOF, Lim-Park 알고리즘이다. 최근 염기 분석기술의 큰 발전으로 DNA 리드 데이터 셋을 기존보다 저비용으로 대량 생산하는 것이 가능해져 DNA 리드 데이터 셋을 생성하는 여러 플랫폼들이 개발되었다. 각 플랫폼마다 생성하는 데이터 셋의 통계적 특성이 다르기 때문에 overlap 단계의 성능 평가 시 다양한 통계적 특성의 데이터 셋이 반영되어야 한다. 본 논문은 여러 통계적 특성을 가진 DNA 리드 데이터 셋을 이용하여 위의 세 알고리즘의 성능을 비교 분석한다. Given a set of DNA read sequences, de novo sequence assembly reconstructs a target sequence without a reference sequence. For reconstruction, the assembly needs the overlap phase, which computes all overlaps between every pair of reads. Since the overlap phase is the most time-consuming part of the whole assembly, the performance of the assembly depends on that of the overlap phase. There have been extensive studies on the overlap phase in various fields. Among them, three state-of-the-art results for the overlap phase are Readjoiner, SOF, and Lim-Park algorithm. Recently, a rapid development of sequencing technology has made it possible to produce a large read dataset at a low cost, and many platforms for generating a DNA read dataset have been developed. Since the platforms produce datasets with different statistical characteristics, a performance evaluation for the overlap phase should consider datasets with these characteristics. In this paper, we compare and analyze the performances of the three algorithms with various large datasets.

피부 편평세포암의 원인 질환에 관한 임상적 관찰

임명규 ( Myeong Kyoo Lim ),정태안 ( Tae Ahn Chung ),장호선 ( Ho Sun Jang ),권경술 ( Kyung Sool Kwon ) 대한피부과학회 1996 대한피부과학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Background:The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) has been increasing, but no analysis of the causative diseases of cutaneous SCC has been performed. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the causative disease of SCC, Methods : Eighty-seven patients with cutaneous SCC were retrospectively studied. Results : The possible causative diseases of cutaneous SCC were actinic keratosis(18 csaes), Bowen's disease(17 cases), actinic cheilitis(8 cases), burn scar(4 cases), arsenical keratosis(3 cases), xeroderma pigmentosum(3 cases), chronic discoid lupus erythematosus(2 cases), epidermodysplasia verruciformis(2 cases), leukoplakia(1 case), chronic radiodermatitis(1 cases), erythroplasia of Queyrat (1 case), osteomyelitis sinus(1 case), lichen planus(1 case), porokeratosis of Mibelli(1 case), and the other 21 cases were of unknown origin. Conclusion : The causative diseases of cutaneous SCC were related to sun-exposure, and chronic dermatoses. (Kor J Dermatol 1996;34(1): 85-92)

Differentiation of Desmoplastic Spitz Nevus from Similar Conditions

( Min-woo Kim ),( Ji Soo Lim ),( Yun Seon Choe ),( Jung Ho Kim ),( Hyun-sun Yoon ),( Soyun Cho ),( Hyun-sun Park ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회지 Vol.54 No.9

The diagnosis of classic Spitz nevus with characteristic histopathologic findings is often straightforward, but unusual variants can cause diagnostic difficulties. Desmoplastic Spitz nevus (DSN) is of particular importance, as its differential diagnosis from other diseases, including desmoplastic malignant melanoma (DMM), is essential but often difficult¹. A 38-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 6-mm brownish papule of unknown onset on the dorsum of her left hand (Fig. 1A). She did not report any change in the papule size, trauma history, or related symptoms, but she wanted to have the lesion removed. Punch excision of the specimen revealed proliferation of individual spindle and epithelioid cells with scanty pigmentation within dense colla-genous dermal stroma (Fig. 1B, C). The specimen was focal positive for S-100 and HMB-45, positive for Melan-A, and 1% positive for Ki-67 (Fig. 2A∼C). The lesion did not recur after punch excision at the 1-year follow-up. Since its first report in 1975, there have been only a few case series of DSN owing to the rarity of this disease and its under-recognition, except for intermittent case reports^1-3. DSN usually presents as a small red-brown papule on the trunk and extremities. It can occur at any age, but is mostly observed in young adults, with a slight female predominance. The distinctive histopathologic features of DSN―an intradermal growth pattern of large spindle or epithelioid nevus cells embedded in a fibrotic stroma, sparse melanin pigment, no junctional activity, no Kamino bodies, no prominent nest formation―can aid its differentiation from clinical simulators. Additionally, immunohistochemistry is essential for a differential diagnosis. DSN tests positive for S-100, Melan-A, and HMB-45, whereas dermatofibroma is negative for all three³. Hypomelanotic blue nevus shows uniform positivity for HMB-45, whereas DSN shows differential expression in most spindled cells3. The distinction between DSN and DMM is the most important. DMM is more common in elderly patients and tends to occur on sun-damaged head and neck areas. It also shows cellular atypia, strong mitotic activity and Ki-67 expression, less frequent S-100 and Melan-A positivity, and almost exclusive negativity for HMB-45^2,3. Some researchers regarded DSN as an end stage of Spitz nevus that had lost continuity with the epidermis and undergone fibrosis. Paniago-Pereira et al.² also reported that DSNs occurred in patients older than 30 years. These findings suggest that desmoplasia might be an aging process of Spitz nevus. However, Barr et al.1 found no significant difference in patient age, disease duration, or trauma history between patients with DSN and common variants of Spitz nevus, and suggested that desmoplasia may be a tumor-induced reactive stromal induction rather than a regressive phenomenon. The pathogenesis of desmoplasia has not yet been clearly elucidated. Moreover, it is controversial whether DSN should be regarded as a variant of Spitz nevus or whether it belongs to a spectrum of desmoplastic nevus as a distinctive entity^3,4. Some researchers5 suggested strict diagnostic criteria for de-smoplastic nevus, including greater cellularity in the super-ficial portion, and a mixture of melanocytic nevus cells, ovoid and dendritic melanocytes, and spitzoid melanocytes. Further, they mentioned that lesions in which one particular type of melanocyte predominates over others are more likely to represent DSN. Dermoscopic findings can also aid the distinction, because DSN shows dotted vessels and reticular depigmentation whereas desmoplastic nevus demonstrates a delicate pigment network over a pinkish background⁴. Although it is regrettable that we did not acquire dermoscopic image to support the diagnosis, our case overall seems more com-patible with DSN. However, the probability of a morphologic spectrum that embraces DSN and desmoplastic nevus cannot be excluded, and requires further studies. Here, we report an unusual desmoplastic variant of Spitz nevus with a literature review, and propose keynotes for differential diagnosis from its simulators, especially DMM.

심미성 수복재의 변연누출에 관한 비교 연구

임선희,임호남,최부병 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1993 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.15 No.1

This study evaluated the in vitro early marginal seal effectiveness in class V restorations of glass ionomer cement with or without dentin treatment, sandwich technique, and composite resin with several kinds of dentin bonding agents. The preparations were as uniformly as possible, with depth 1.5 mm, size 4 X 3mm. The one kind of glass ionomer cement for each type, 40% polyacrylic acid for dentin treatment, one kind of composite resin and three commercial dentin bonding agents were tested. Four groups were restored with only glass ionomer cement to evaluate the effect of dentin treatment and the type of glass ionomer on marginal leakage. Two groups were filled with composite resin with glass ionomer base by means of sandwich technique. And three groups were restored wih three commercial dentin bonding agent(Gluma�, Scotchbond 2�, and Tenure) and composite resin. The one that was filled with composite resin without use of dentin bonding agent was used as control group. Ten experimental groups including control group were established and each group had ten cavities. Eight of ten cavities of each group were used for marginal leakage test and two of ten, for investigation of marginal gap. Immediately after being restored, all of specimens were thermocycled 100 times through water bath of 5 ± It and 55 ± It for 38 sec in each bath. Then, marginal leakage of them were estimated by dye penetration method and scanning electron micrographs were taken to evaluate the marginal gap between dentin and restorations at X 1,000 magnification. On the summary of this study, the conclusions were as follows 1. Generally, more marginal leakage at the gingival margins was investigated than at the occlusal margin. While the groups filled with composite resin with dentin bonding agents showed less marginal leakage at occlusal margin, the groups restored with glass ionomer cement had the lower marginal leakage score at gingival margin. 2 When glass ionomer/composite resin sandwich restorations were compared with other restorations, they had least margial leakage at gingival margin. 3. Types of glass ionomer cement and dentin treatment did not affect on the marginal leakage at occlusal margin. At gingival margin, marginal leakage of light curing glass ionomer cement with dentin treat-merit showed significantly higher marginal leakage and wider marginal gap was seen in light curing glass ionomer cement than in chemical curing glass ionomer cement. 4. Though Tenure� exibited significantly less marginal leakage than Gluma� and Scotchbond 20, all of three dentin bonding agents seldom made wide marginal gap equally.

화포습지(경상남도 김해)의 관속식물상

임용석,나성태,마선미,신현철 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2004 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.10 No.2

The flora of vascular plants of wetland in Hwapo, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do were investigated 3 times at 8 sites from 27 June 2001 to 13 September 2001. The flora was composed of 46 families,105 genera, and 136 taxa. Among them, the hydrophytes were confirmed as 29 taxa(21.3%), hygrophytes were 32 taxa(23.5), and terrestrial plants were 75 taxa(55.1%). Hydrophytes were composed of 15 taxa emergent hydrophytes, 5 taxa submerged hydrophytes, 4 taxa floating-leaved hydrophytes, and 3 taxa emergent hydrophytes. The dominant hydrophytes were Phragmites communis Trin. and Zizania latifolia Turcz.. The rare plants of Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer, Rorippa globosa Thell., Trapella sinensis var. antennifera Hara., and Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimmer were colledted in these area.

직류 서보 전동기의 가변구조 위치제어

임선종,김낙교 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1994 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.19 No.-

Position control is a classical problem with various industrial application. Proportion-integral-derivative(PID) feedback control is perhaps the most common control design used by industry. But PID control is difficult to gain low overshoot, and also it is hard to compensate nonlinearity such as backlash. So, variable structure system(VSS) is one of the useful theories to constrain overshoot, and rise time. The VSS system transforms its structure by switching. Then, the state trajectory slide along the switching line to the phase-plane origin. The phase trajectory is known as the sliding mode. The main feature of VSS is that it has the so-called sliding mode on the switching surface. Within the sliding mode, the system remains insensitive to parameter variations and disturbances and its trajectories lie in the switching surface. In this paper, the position control of a DC servo motor in the sliding mode was performed, proposed the algorithm of variable structure control and analysed the insensitivity of the system with parameter variations and disturbance in the sliding mode. Experimental results indicated that VSS controller constrained overshoot and rise time of the system response.

『草笛』攷

林仙默 단국대학교 인문대학 국어국문학과 1983 國文學論集 Vol.11 No.-

이 시조의 말미에 『해동낙부』 소수 방원과 포은의 한역가를 부기하고 있다. 거기서 사상을 가져다가 그 일부를 인유하면서 단심의 현실적 추구를 절실하게 긍정하고 선망했다는 의미가 된다. 그러나, 이것이 오늘의 독자에게라면 불필요한 부기일 수도 있고, 제 「선죽교」만으로도 모든 시사는 넉넉할 수 있는 일이었다.

XML을 이용한 웹 상의 멀티미디어 내용 기반 검색 시스템

林海喆,金宣炅,金連姬 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Recently the increase of multimedia data on the web and the user's various requirements lead many multimedia retrieval systems to develop usefully. This paper shows new multimedia content-based retrieval system that manages database for images independently and can retrieve most similar image like query image chosen by user. The proposed system represents text information using XML and exchanges information among modules. So, this system supports retrieval through structure of XML document and integrates easily in heterogeneous environments.