침강성 탄산칼슘 생성에 관한 연구

이광래,유동석,강석원 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1997 석재연 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

수산화칼슘 슬러리(aqueous Ca(OH)₂ slurry) 농도가 비교적 높은 1 wt% ∼7 wt% 범위에서 공정변수인 탄산가스 유량과 교반속도에 다른 물질전달계수를 구하고, 수산화칼슘 슬러리의 농도변화에 따른 입자형태 및 입자크기 변화를 관찰하였다. 수산화칼슘 슬러리의 농도에 따른 탄산화반응은 0차반응이었으며, CO₂에 대해서는 1차반응이었다. 따라서 탄산화반응은 0차반응과 1차반응이 혼재된 준1차반응임을 알 수 있었다. 반응종결점은 수산화칼슘 슬러리의 농도가 증가함에 따라 pH 및 전기전도도법에 의한 예측보다 늦어지는 것으로 나타났다. 물질전달속도는 수산화칼슘 슬러리의 농도(0.158∼7wt%)와 교반속도(300∼700rpm)에 무관하게 각각 일정한 값을 나타내었고, CO₂ 유량의 증가에 따라서는 비례적으로 증가하였다. 이러한 물질전달은 탄산화반응으로 인하여 증진되어짐을 알 수 있었으며, 증진인자(enhancement factor, Φ)는 1.394였다. 기체측 경막저항은 다른 물질 전달저항에 비하여 무시할 수 있을 정도로 작았으며, CO₂와 OH(???)간의 반응이 매우 빠른 반응이므로 탄산화반응시의 물질전달속도를 지배하는 물질전달저항은 OH(???)의 해리속도와 관련된 고-액 경막을 통한 물질전달저항임을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험의 수산화칼슘 슬러리의 농도범위(0.158∼7wt%)에서 생성된 탄산칼슘은 서브마이크론(submicron) 크기의 탄산칼슘이었으며, 결정구도는 방해석(calcite) 구조였다. 생성된 탄산칼슘의 입자형태는 Ca(OH)₂의 포화농도(0.158wt%)에서 판상형태였으며, 수산화칼슘[Ca(OH)₂] 슬러리 농도가 비교적 낮은 lwt%∼3wt% 영역에서는 입방체형태였다. 농도가 비교적 높은 4wt%∼7wt%에서는 수산화칼슘 슬러리 농도가 증가함에 따라 입방체 형태가 사라지고, 입자모양은 응집된 형태로서 길게 크졌다. 입자가 길게 크지면서 입방체형태가 없어지는 것은 슬러리 농도가 증가할수록 응집현상이 지배적으로 나타나기 때문으로 판단된다. Since the concentration of hydrated lime is higher than 1wt% in industrial carbonation processes, the carbonation reactions were conducted in relatively high concentration range of aqueous Ca(OH)₂ slurry from 1wt% to 7wt%. Reaction rate, reaction order, and termination time of carbonation reaction as well as mass transfer coefficients which are major variables for reactor design were investigated with concentration of aqueous Ca(OH)₂ slurry, flow rate of carbon dioxide, and agitation speed. Carbonation was a 0th and a 1st order reaction with respect to the concentration of aqueous Ca(OH)₂ slurry and flow rate of carbon dioxide, respectively. Hence it was found that the carbonation was a pseudo 1st order reaction conjugated with 0th and 1st order. It was exhibited that the termination time of reaction measured by titration technique took longer than that predicted by pH and conductivity method due to the agglomeration effect caused by the high concentration of aqueous Ca(OH)₂ slurry. In the range of the experiments, there was no dependency of mass transfer rates on concentration(0.158∼7wt%) of aqueous Ca(OH)₂ slurry and agitation speed (300∼700rpm). However, mass transfer rates were proportionally increased with increasing flow rate of carbon dioxide. Moreover, mass transfer rates were enhanced by carbonation. The enhancement factor(Φ) was 1.394. Gas-film resistance was negligible because it is so small in comparison with other resistances. The reaction between carbon dioxide and hydroxyl ion was fast enough so that the mass transfer rate was controlled by the diffusion through solid-liquid film due to the dissolution of lime in carbonation. The size of calcium carbonate prepared by carbonation reaction in the concentration range of this experiment(0.158w%∼7wt%) was of submicron. At the saturated concentration (0.158wt%) of aqueous Ca(OH)₂ slurry, particle shape of calcium carbonate was a plate form, and its crystal structure was of calcite. At the relatively low concentration (1∼3wt%) of aqueous Ca(OH)₂ slurry, particle shape of calcium carbonate was a cubic. However, in higher concentration (4wt%∼7wt%) the cubic shape disappeared with increasing concentration of aqueous Ca(OH)₂ slurry. The particles became bigger in size and changed to agglomerate shape. It might be inferred that the change of particle size and shape with increasing concentration of aqueous Ca(OH)₂ slurry is due to the agglomeration effect. The agglomeration effect substantially appeared with increasing concentration(4∼7wt%) of queous Ca(OH)₂ slurry.

水産專門大學 漁業科 敎育課程 開發硏究

裵錫悌,宋之浩,李吉來,鄭興基,洪聖根,趙鳳坤,朴種洙 군산대학교 1983 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.17 No.1

In order to develop the curriculum of the fishery department in the fisheries Jr. college, We have collected and analyzed the domistic and foreign data adquated to the fishey department under the international trend, also we gathered the opinion from the inquiring paper investigation and consultation to the industrial field, concerned college and graduate during the 6 month from September 1982. The fishery department curriculum in fisheries Jr. college will be industrialized with the concerned technics and knowledge in relation to speciality of maritime affairs. Accordingly, we have developed the adquate curriculum which is practical and can be cultivated the technician to adopt in the industrial society.

船員敎育의 國際的인 趨勢와 우리의 對處方案 : 漁船員을 中心으로

裵錫悌,李吉來 군산대학교 1984 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.2

In accordance with trend of international decision of training and certification for fishing vessel's crew, we have to involve the tendency of international flow. Accordingly, the domestic law has been reformed in order to promote safety of life and the protection of marine environment due to the pollution. With the reform of ship personal law according to IMO/STCW convention, we have to supplement the category of training syllubus suitable for the decision of IMO/STW 1984.

금정산 식물상의 변화에 관한 연구

안석곤,남정칠,김석규,조승래 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2001 硏究報告 Vol.24 No.2

For the purpose of this study is to analyze the flora of plants and forest vegetation of Mt. Keumjung. The results of the study can be described as below. 1. Plants growing at the 8 quadrates of the Mt. Keumjung were 24 families, 36 genuses and 3 species in 1994 and 23 families, 33 genuses and 49 species in 2001. 2. The soil acidity of the 8 areas surveyed here in 2001 was 4.8 to 5.5 in pH, indicating that the soil was gradually being oxidized. The soil hardness was found 15.8 to 28.3 mm, 20.8 in average. 3. Pinus rigida was found highest In dominance, occupying 352% of the total population of arbors, followed by 2.96% for Alnus hirsuta and 2.51 for Styrax japonicn while among the azalea was found highest in dominance, accounting for 44.49% out of the total population of shrubs, followed by 15.14% for Rhododendron yedoense var. poukanese and 3.92 for Rubus idaeus var. concolor. 4. Of the 8 quadrates, sect 8 of the North Gate was highest in the number of extinct trees. 15 kinds. This is probably because of the pressure by climbers' steps. Sect 3 of the West Gate and sect 5 of the South gate had 8 kinds of extinct trees, respectively. The number of newly appeared trees was highest at sect 7 of the North Gate, 8 kinds, followed by sect 5 and sect 6, respectively 5 kinds. 5. At the area of the West Gate(sect 3, sect 4) to which the sabbatical year system(Area : Puk-gu district and a part of Keumjung-gu district) was applied, 21 plant species newly appeared, more than any of the other areas. At the area of the South Gate(sect 5, sect 6). in contrast, 15 plant species disappeared and at the area of the North Gate(sect 7, sect 8). as many as 20 became extinct. The areas surveyed here showed that the extinction of plant species was mainly due to the pressure by climbers' steps rather than to changes in natural environment. To protect the forest and plants of the Mt. Keumjung, thus, it is necessary to increase the period and area of the sabbatical year system and take more effective actions for the management of the forest and plants.

漁船의 海難事故와 防止 對策에 관한 硏究

裵錫悌,李吉來,徐萬錫 군산대학교 1993 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.28 No.1

The marine casualties of fishing boat has been taken place in many ways i.e. collision, foundering, agrounding, engine blink, fire, damage of fitting. etc. I have investigated the aspects of marine casualties of fishing boat concernings to the states of character of casualties during 1987∼1991 and suggested counter-measure for preventing marine accident of fishing boat. The results were as follows: 1. Most casulties were occured on the mishandling of engine on account of deficiency of maintenance and preliminary article. 2. Most marine casualties has been taken place the vessel less than 100 ton by the tonnage and much happend on account o operational fault and neglect of their duty by the reason. 3. The authorities will be estabilished prohibited zone according to the operational method to keep out of the marine casualties of fishing boat. 4. The authorities must strengthen the safety education of fishing boat to replace education which is prositive and practical once five years. 5. The administration have to consolidate the safety inspection of fishing boat according to the international trend. 6. Even in fishing boat, the Fishing boat must be utilized the GMDSS system in connection with the marine casualties. 7. The administration must unify the all of act concerning to the fishermen promote the social welfare and their well-being.

PES를 이용한 Mg/Si(111)계의 초기 성장모드 연구

안기석,박래준,김정선,박종윤 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.2

LEED와 PES를 이용하여 Si(111)7×7 표면위에 흡착된 Mg의 초기 성장모드를 연구하였다. 상온∼200℃의 기판온도에서 흡착초기에서부터 Mg silicide의 형성을 관측할 수 있었고 이 구조는 최종적으로 2/3√3×2/3√3 R30° 구조의 LEED pattern을 가진 epitaxial silicide로 완성되었다. 계속된 Mg의 흡착은 이 silicide 위로 Mg bulk가 무질서하게 성장됨을 보여준다. 또한 300, 450℃의 기판온도에서는 각각 1×1 그리고 3×1 구조가 관측되었다. The initial growing mode of Mg adsorbed on Si(111)7×7 surface has been studied by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and photoelectron spectroscopy(PES). With increasing deposition time, the LEED pattern was changed to diffuse 7×7, diffuse 1×1 and 2/3√3×2/3√3 R30° structures at room temperature, successively. Also, we observed the 1×1 and 3×1 patterns at 300 and 450℃, respectively. From the Leed and PES results, it has been found that a Mg silicide is formed at the initial adsorption stage and that the 2/3√3×2/3√3 R30° structure is responsible for the thin epitaxial Mg silicide at RT∼200℃.

강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터

조정식,이광래,유동석,강석원 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

석회유의 탄산화반응에 의하여 생성되는 탄산칼슘의 결정화공정에 대한 정량적 해석을 위하여 개체군 수지식(population balance)을 이산화(discretization)하는 방법에 의해 반회분식 침전결정화기에서 생성된 탄산칼슘의 입도분포를 수치모사하여 실험치와 비교하였다. 수치모사에 의한 탄산칼슘의 입도분포는 실험치와 잘 일치하였으며, 응집이 입자크기에 의존(size-dependent agglomeration)한다고 가정한 경우가 응집이 입자크기와는 무관(size-independent agglomeration)하다고 가정한 경우보다 실험치에 더 근사한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 응집핵(agglomeration kernel)이 깨어짐핵(rupture kernel)보다 입도분포에 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. For the quantitative analysis of crystallization of calcium carbonate formed by carbonation of lime milk, PSD(particle size distribution) of the calcium carbonate, which is the carbonation product of lime milk, was numerically simulated by the method of discretization of population balance and compared with the experimental data of semi-batch precipitative crystallizer. The simulated PSD was well correlated with the experimental data. And the simulated results of PSD for size-dependent agglomeration were well-matched to the experimental data than for the size-independent agglomeration. Moreover, it was shown that agglomeration kernel had greater effects on PSD than rupture kernel.

새로운 Baculoviurs 전이벡터를 이용한 Escherichia coli β-galactosidase 유전자의 발현

우수동,김우진,김혜성,진병래,강석권 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.1

국내에서 분리된 BmNPV를 이용하여 제작된 새로운 전이벡터 pBmKSK1에 외래 유전자로서 E. coli lacZ 유전자를 클로닝하고 재조합 바이러스를 제작하였다. 재조합 바이러스에 대하여 Southern blotting 분석을 실시하여 lacZ 유전자의 존재를 확인하였으며, 재조합 바이러스가 접종된 세포의 SDS-PAGE 및 Western blotting 분석을 통하여 β-galactosidase의 발현을 확인하였다. 재조합 바이러스의 발현효율을 누에 세포주 및 유충에서 비교 조사한 결과, 유충에서 더욱 높은 발현량을 보임을 확인하였다. To investigate the expression efficiency of new transfer vector of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), Escherichia coli lacZ gene was inserted into new transfer vector pBmKSK1, under the control of polyhedrin promoter and expressed in BmN-4 cells coninfected with transfer vector pBmKSK1-LacZ and vild type BmNPV genome, and analysed by Southern blotting. The expression of β-galactosidase was characterized by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and β-galactosidase activity assay. The results showed that the level of expression in silkworn larvae was higher than that of BmN-4 cells.

Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 내에서 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14 cryIVD 유전자의 발현

이대원,박현우,진병래,정영호,박영목,강석권 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.2

미생물 살충제로 사용되고 있는 B. thuringiensis를 모기유충방제에 적용하기 위한 시도는 B. thuringiensis가 수서생태계에서 부유하지 못하고 가라앉으며, 생활환을 이루지 못한다는 문제점으로 인해 적용에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 모기유충에 강한 독성을 갖는 B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14의 cryIVD 유전자를 모기유충의 먹이인 cyanobactrium에 도입하기 위하여 발현벡터 pCYASK 5-1을 제작하고, cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803에 형질전환시켜, 세포내에서 cryIVD 유전자의 발현과 뇌염모기에 대한 독성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 형질전환체 내에서 cryIVD 발현은 immunoblot 분석을 통해 B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14에서 발현된 단백질과 같은 분자량으로 발현되는 것을 확인하였으며, 모기유충에 대한 형질전환체의 독성은 1.40×10^6 cells/ml 농도에서 약 80%의 치사율을 나타내었다. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14 is a gram-positive soil bacterium producing mosquitocidal parasporal inclusions composed of several crystal proteins. Among these crystal protein genes, cryIVD gene is one of major component which has 72 kDa in size. However, these parasporal inclusions sink quickly from the surface of water where mosquito larval feeding occurred. To develope mosquitocidal cyanobacterium, therefore, we constructed the expression vector, pCYASK 5-1 harboring cryIVD gene. The expression vector, pCYASk5-1 was transformed into the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 reported as a natural mosquito larval food source and the transformants were selected with kanamycin. Expression of cryIVD gene in transformant was characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and immunoblot analysis. The mosquitocidal activity of a transformant was determined electrophoresis (PAGE) and immunoblot analysis. The mosquitocidal activity of a transformant was determined with Culex tritaeniorhynchus. The results showed that the transformed cyanobacterium is toxic to mosquito larvae and will be expected as a potential agent that is used for mosquito control.

대장직장종양에 있어서 Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery (HALS)의 초기 경험

조호영,최선근,구지회,허윤석,이건영,김세중,조영업,안승익,홍기천,신석환,김경래,우제홍 대한내시경복강경외과학회 2003 대한내시경복강경외과학회지 Vol.6 No.-