흰쥐의 위산 분비 및 실험적 괴양에 미치는 향정신성물질의 영향

白尙昌 大韓神經精神醫學會 1974 신경정신의학 Vol.13 No.1

Introduction of psychotropic agents to the field of psychiatry brought tremendous change and new implication in the therapeutic aspect as well as the concept of psychosomatic medicine. Reserpine was introduced by Sen & Bose(1931), and Vakil(1949) and Hakim(1953) has proved it to release biogenic amine (serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamin) at brain cell and peripheral tissues. Chlorpromazine was proved to have tranquilizing effect by Laborit et al(1952), and tremendons therapeutic effect to treat the psychiatric patient was shown by Delay (1952 a&b) and Courvoisier(1653). Jn 1961, Gey and Pletscher, and Axelrod found that chlorpromazine reduced the permeability of granular membrane, where the biogenic amine was stored. Haloperidol, a derivative of butyrophenone was synthesized by Janssen(1958). In 1966 Glowinski and Axelrod and in 1967 Janssen and Schildkraut et.al. reported that haloperidol reduced the shift of catecholamine from neuron and granular membrane. Meprobamate, one of the minor tranquilizers, has been used widely as an antianxiety agent and antiulcer agent as well. But recently it seemed that the derivatives of benzodiazepine replaced meprobamate as antianxiety and antiulcer agent. In 1952, Delay reported the iproniazid showed anti-depressive effect and Zeller explained that iproniazid had M.A.O. inhibitory action (1952). In 1958, Kuhn reported imipramine, which has similar chemical structure of phenothiazine, showed M.A.O. inhibitory action and antidepressive action. Until recently many psychotropic agents has been introduced and used widely in the field of psychiatry. Author tried to find the influence of various psychotropic agents on gastric secretion and experimentally-induced peptic ulcer in rat. White male rat, average 180g of body weight was used as experimental animal. Experiment on gastric secretion was carried out with the method of Shay(1945), With the centrifuged gastric secretory material, the P.H. was measured by Radiometer, Titrator TTT₂(Copenhagen), and gastric secretion amount was measured by Autoburett, ABU11 (Radiometer). Experiment of artificial gastric ulcer was carried out through the stress givent by ① pyloric ligation ② shaking ③ restraint with upside down position. Pathological change on the mucous membrane of rat stomach including hemorrhage, erosion and perforation etc. was observed by Stereoscope. Result (1) Diazepam inhibited gastric secretion (especially gastric acid) and lowered the acidity. Yet meprobamate on the contrary, raised gastric secretion and acidity, which might possibly be due to its peripheral effect. (2) Chlorpromazine markedly depressed the gastric secretion. But Prochlorperazine, Haloperidol, and Reserpine did not show any significant change on gastric secretion, which might be due to their limited dosage to influence on gastric secretion. (3) Tranylcypromine, and M.A.O. inhibitor, markedly reduced gastric secretion and gastric acidity. The Imipramine, tricyclic antidepressant with similar chemical structure of chlorpromazine, lowered the free acid of stomach in rat. (4) The stress of pyloric ligation showed ulcerative change on rumen of stomach. Diazepam and Chlorpromazine premedicated rat did not reveal much change. But Tranylcypromine premedicated rat showed severe degree of ulcer change on all experimented rats and two of them were dead of perforation of stomach, which seemed to be the result of stomach, which seemed to be the result of stomach, which seemed to be the result of peripheral effect or decreased mucus of gastric secretion as an effect of relax action. (5) The stress of shaking the rat brought erosion and edematous change on rumen but no ulcerative change took place. Diazepam premedicated group has not showed change on mucous membrane. Chlorpromazine premedicated group showed mild degree of change. But Reserpine treated group showed marked degree of ulcer change on the rumen and 4 of this group died of gastric perforation. (6) The stress of restraint of rat with upside down position revealed marked degree of erosion and hemorrhage on glandular portion, but no change on rumen. But Diazepam, Chlorpromazine and Imipramine premedicated group of rats showed lesser degree above changes. As shown above, varions psychotropic agents influenced on gastric secretion and experimentally induced gastric ulcer in rats. It might be explained that most of the psychotropic agents could influence on biogenic amine metabolism of brain and on regulating anxiety, which prevent hypersecretion of stomach. But as a few of the exception for instance. Tranylcypromine and Reserpine brought severe degree of ulcer change, which might possible be due to the peripheral effect. Above two psychotropic agents are to be alarmed to use to the patient with peptic ulcer.

The Widening Gap of Academic Achievement Between the Rich and the Poor in Korea

Sang-soo Chang 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2022 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.51 No.1

This study deals with the effects of parental socioeconomic status on children’s academic achievement, which is referred to as the socioeconomic gradient or as the socioeconomic achievement gap, in Korea. The study differs from previous ones on the same topic in two aspects: First, it views Korea’s socioeconomic achievement gap in the context of international comparison. Second, it investigates the temporal change of Korea’s socioeconomic gradient, which has taken place during the last two decades, and identifies reasons for such a change. Analyzing PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) data, which the OECD has collected every three years since 2000, the study found the following: First, the socioeconomic gradient in reading and math literacy scores in Korea was lower in the early 2000s than that in other OECD countries. However, these have since approached or exceeded the OECD average in the late 2010s. Second, the socioeconomic gradient has increased in reading literacy during the last two decades, although it has not changed in math literacy during the same period. This implies that the inequality of academic achievement has deteriorated in Korea. The degeneration seemed to arise both from the increase of differentiation in secondary schools, which neoliberal governments have actively driven since 1995, and from the consequent growth of parents’ school choices.

Diagnostic Significance of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Microvascular Decompression of Patients with Hemifacial Spasm or Trigeminal Neuralgia

( Sang-koo Park ),( Sung-hyuk Lim ),( Chan-woo Park ),( Jin-woo Park ),( Sung-ho Chang ),( Keun-hye Park ),( Hae-ja Park ),( Ji-hye Song ),( Dong-ok Uhm ),( Ki-bong Kim ) 대한임상검사과학회 2011 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.43 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyse brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) wave change data during microvascular decompression (MVD). The nerve function of Cranial Nerve VIII is at risk during MVD. Intraoperative monitoring of BAEP can be a useful tool to decrease the danger of hearing loss. Between January and December 2009, 242 patients had MVD for hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Among intraoperative BAEP changes, amplitude of V-V’ was the most frequently observed during cerebellar retraction and decompression step of the MVD procedure. 138 patients (57%) had no BAEP change while 104 patients (42.98%) had BAEP change. 69 patients (28.5%) had Type A-I, 16 patients (6.6%) had Type A-II, 5 patients (2.1%) had Type B, and 13 patients (5.37%) had Type C. MVD is a surgical procedure to relieve the symptoms (e.g. pain, muscle twitching) caused by compression of a nerve by an artery or vein. During BAEP intraoperative monitoring, the surgical step is important in interpreting the changes of wave V. Several potential mechanisms of injury may affect the cochlear nerve, and complete loss of BAEP is often associated with postoperative hearing loss. Intraoperative BAEP monitoring may provide an early warning of hearing disturbance after MVD.

Correlation between skeletal and dental changes after mandibular setback surgery-first orthodontic treatment

Chang-Hoon Rhee,Youn-Kyung Choi,Yong-Il Kim,Seong-Sik Kim,Soo-Byung Park,Woo-Sung Son 대한치과교정학회 2015 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Objective: To investigate skeletal and dental changes after application of a mandibular setback surgery-first orthodontic treatment approach in cases of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods: A retrospective study of 34 patients (23 men, 11 women; mean age, 26.2 ± 6.6 years) with skeletal Class III deformities, who underwent surgery-first orthodontic treatment, was conducted. Skeletal landmarks in the maxilla and mandible at three time points, pre-treatment (T0), immediate-postoperative (T1), and post-treatment (T2), were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-generated half-cephalograms. Results: The significant T0 to T1 mandibular changes occurred ?9.24 ± 3.97 mm horizontally. From T1 to T2, the mandible tended to move forward 1.22 ± 2.02 mm, while the condylar position (Cd to Po-perpendicular plane) shifted backward, and the coronoid process (Cp to FH plane) moved vertically. Between T1 and T2, the vertical dimension changed significantly (p < 0.05). Changes in the vertical dimension were significantly correlated to T1 to T2 changes in the Cd to Po-perpendicular plane (r = ?0.671, p = 0.034), and in the Cp to FH plane (r = 0.733, p = 0.016), as well as to T0 to T1 changes in the Cp to Poperpendicular plane (r = 0.758, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Greater alterations in the vertical dimension caused larger post-treatment (T2) stage skeletal changes. Studying the mandibular position in relation to the post-surgical vertical dimension emphasized the integral importance of vertical dimension control and proximal segment management to the success of surgery-first orthodontic treatment.

대기온도가 Diesel Cycle의 성능에 미치는 영향에 관한 이론적 고찰

장성운 충주대학교 2006 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.41 No.-

In internal Diesel combustion engine, The change of air temperature is change the density of air in the stoke volume to Diesel engine. The influence of power and efficiency is change according to the atmosphere- temperature of air. For calculating, decided the Diesel engine scale is 2000cc and 4cylinders mechanical compression ratio is 18 of Diesel engine. Our country, Atmosphere-temperature change is -20℃ in winter to 40℃ in summer. The density of air increase by the temperature drop and decrease by the temperature rises. Density change of air is appear mass change to the stroke volume in Diesel engine. The mass change is change the compression ratio of Diesel. engine. The compression ratio change is change the thermal efficiency and power of Diesel engine. In atmosphere-temperature -20℃, Compression ratio change 20.687 and thermal efficiency change 66.05%. In atmosphere-temperature 40℃, Compression ratio change 16.913 and thermal efficiency change 63.21%. The Compression ratio and thermal efficiency are increase to the low temperature. The results are as follows, 1. The change of atmosphere temperature is change the density and mass of air and influence the power and thermal efficiency to the Diesel engine. 2. For increasing the mass of intake air to influenced the power and thermal efficiency must be drop the temperature of intake air 3. For drop the temperature of intake air, intake manifold must be set ahead of engine and order side of exhaust manifold.

A Study on the Correlation of Left Atrial Volume Change according to Left Ventricular Contraction in Atrial Fibrillation

Sung Kwan Kim,Hee Chang Chae,Choong Beom Seo,Eun Hee Seo,Chang Min Dae,Tae Eun Kim 대한CT영상기술학회 2022 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to increase accuracy and success rate of radiofrequency catheter ablation by analysis of left atrial volume change relative to left ventricular volume change and left atrial diameter change relative to left atrial volume change. 20 patients with normal heart rhythm were set as the control group, and 20 patients with diagnosed atrial fibrillation were set as the experimental group. The cardiac cycle was divided into 10 stages ranging from 0% to 90%, and left ventricular volume, left atrial volume, left atrial diameter, pulmonary vein diameter were measured for each group. the correlation between the left ventricular volume and the left atrial volume was analyzed, and the correlation between the left atrial volume and left atrial diameter was analyzed. The diameter of the pulmonary veins was measured. As a result of analyzing the correlation between left ventricular volume and left atrial volume through Spearman correlation, the control group showed a negative correlation.(P<0.001) The experimental group were not correlated.(P=0.075) As a result of analyzing the correlation between the left atrial volume and the left atrial diameter, both groups showed a positive correlation.(P<0.001) As a result of analyzing the diameter of the pulmonary vein by Wilcoxon signed-rank test, both groups showed a significant difference in the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter.(P<0.001) Because the volume and diameter of the left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation change irregularly, the radiologist check all cardiac cycle and reconstruct to increase the accuracy and success rate of radiofrequency catheter ablation.

Brain Topological Correlates of Motor Performance Changes After Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Park, Chang-hyun,Chang, Won Hyuk,Yoo, Woo-Kyoung,Shin, Yong-Il,Kim, Sung Tae,Kim, Yun-Hee Mary Ann Liebert 2014 Brain connectivity Vol.4 No.4

<P>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) influences the brain temporally beyond the stimulation period and spatially beyond the stimulation site. Application of rTMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) has been shown to lead to plastic changes in interregional connectivity over the motor system as well as alterations in motor performance. With a sequential combination of rTMS over the M1 and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we sought changes in the topology of brain networks and specifically the association of brain topological changes with motor performance changes. In a sham-controlled parallel group experimental design, real or sham rTMS was administered to each of the 15 healthy subjects without prior motor-related dysfunctions, over the right M1 at a high frequency of 10 Hz. Before and after the intervention, fMRI data were acquired during a sequential finger motor task using the left, nondominant hand. Changes in the topology of brain networks were assessed in terms of global and local efficiency, which measures the efficiency in transporting information at global and local scales, respectively, provided by graph-theoretical analysis. Greater motor performance changes toward improvements after real rTMS were shown in individuals who exhibited more increases in global efficiency and more decreases in local efficiency. The enhancement of motor performance after rTMS is supposed to be associated with brain topological changes, such that global information exchange is facilitated, while local information exchange is restricted.</P>

A New MPEG-2 Rate Control Scheme Using Scene Change Detection

Park, Sang-Gyu,Lee, Young-Sun,Chang, Hyun-Sik Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 1996 ETRI Journal Vol.18 No.2

We propose two new rate control schemes to improve MPEG-2 rate control in view of visual quality when scene changes happen. Two proposed schemes are characterized by real-time and non real-time improvement to reduce the impact of scene changes. We also propose a new target-bit prediction method using spatial activity of pictures and present a simple and efficient scene change detection scheme using signed difference of mean absolute difference (MAD). Computer simulation results show that the proposed real-time algorithm effectively alleviates visual quality degradation after scene changes. The proposed non real-time algorithm gives maximum 2 dB improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) at a scene-changed picture, compared with MPEG-2 rate control scheme and it shows better quality than the real-time one.

한국불교문화의 세계화 - 한계와 대응 -

장상목 ( Chang Sang Mok ) 사단법인 한국교수불자연합회 2016 한국교수불자연합학회지 Vol.22 No.3

한국불교문화의 특성과 제반 문제점들을 최근 사회발전과 변화에 수반되는 현상으로 보지 않고 사바세계의 내재적 문제점들로 인식하고 사바세계를 불국정토로 만들라고 하신 석가세존의 대자 대비한 부촉에 부응하여 변화하고 발전하여 온 불교문화들을 21세기 문화운동의 일환으로 고찰하고자 하였다. 순수문학과 대중문학의 경계를 허물어야 한다고 주장하는 포스트모더니즘에서 일어나고 있는 주요한 변화들을 간단히 개괄함으로써, 사바세계에 대한 불교 문화적 관점이 불교교리를 견강부회한 교리 중심적인 접근이 아니라 보다 합리적이고 다양한 관점에서 접근하였음을 밝히고자 하였다. 21세기 사회 변화발전이 사회전반에 걸쳐, 그리고 종교적으로 어떤 영향을 주었으며, 앞으로 불교문화 운동의 방향성 정립에 어떤 영향을 주었는지 고찰하고자 하였다. 불교문화가 21세기 사회의 특수상황뿐만 아니라 인류사적 측면에서 인간해방과 불국정토 구현이라는 인류 보편적 사상의 실천이었다는 점을 강조하고자 한다. 그런 측면에서 불교의 정신문화적 토양이 21세기 시대정신을 반영하는 문화로 더욱 빛을 발휘할 것이며 발전할 것이라는 점을 논하였다. This paper recognizes the various characteristics and problems arising in the Korean Buddhist culture as an intrinsic properties of the world of suffering(sabha) instead of a phenomena accompanying the recent social development and change. Sakyamuni Buddha gave a sermon to his disciples and followers to seek a path building the Buddhist Elysium Elysium (Sukkavati). The Buddhist cultures, which were changed and developed in response to the requests of Sakyamuni Buddha, are considered as part of the 21st century cultural movement. By a brief overview of major changes in the postmodernism, which argues that the boundary of pure literature and popular literature should be broken, it is tried to elucidate that the Buddhist cultural perspectives of the world of suffering are not farfetched interpretation and religious approach, which distort the society phenomenon to religious doctrine of Buddhism, but more reasonable and diverse approach. This paper investigates how the 21st century social change and development have an influence on the whole society, specifically the religious world, and the establishment of future Buddhist cultural movement direction. Furthermore, it emphasizes the Buddhist culture gives a direction for not only the special situations of the 21st century society, but also by the universal values of human freedom and liberty and manifestation of the Buddhist Elysium. At this point, the fundamental mental culture soil of Buddhism will be shared and developed as the culture that reflects the zeitgeist of the 21st century.

알코홀이 r-GTP 활성에 미치는 인삼의 영향

이상한,조만희,신경현,김창세 순천향대학교 1989 논문집 Vol.12 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the effects on the changes of the r-glutamyl transpeptidase activity of ethanol-administered white rats. There was classified into group; ethanol treated group(group A), ethanol treated group which was pretreated with ginseng extract(group B), ginseng extract treated group(group C), and ginseng extract treated group which was pretreated with ethanol(group D). White rats of four groups were treated with combined 1% ginseng extract and / or 20% ethanol for 30 days, and were measured the changes of r-GTP activity on the serum, hepatic and renal tissue sample collected at 5 days interval. Following results have been obtained. 1. The changes of serum r-GTP activity were significantly decreased in ethanol treated group B which was pretreated with ginseng extract than in ethanol treated group A. The values were highly significant at the 20th day of feeding. 2. The changes of hepatic r-GTP activity were more increased in group A and decreased in group D. The values were found significantly lowest in 10th and highest in 5th days. 3. The changes of renal r-GTP activity were more increased in group A and decreased in group D. The values were significantly highest in 10th and lowest in 20th days. Based on these results it was found that the changes of r-GTP activity between serum and hepato-renal tissue were exist and the protective action of ginseng against alcohol degradative effects was noted.