國文學에 나타난 韓國民의 愛國思想 : 特히 新羅文學과 愛國意識에 對하여 Chiefly on the Literature and Patriotic Consciousness of Sil-la Dynasty

金榮實 진주교육대학교 1975 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

In this paper I tried to study briefly on the patriotic consciousness in connection with various backgrounds through a few select Sil-la's literary works involving patriotic consciousness comparatively clearly. 1. In spite of few literature handed down from, many literary works through Sil-la's literature in all involve patriotic consciousness. 2. Through the consideration of the contents of these works, the people of Sil-la dynasty had strongly patriotic consciousness, and the ways of loving country also were various, but especially, they thought the best way is to sacrifice themselves for the sake of their country. From the kings to common people they all united and had consistant ardent wishes for loving country. 3. What made the people of Sil-la unite in strong patriotic consciousness was the concentration of mind to conquer the oppressions and aggressions of not only Kokooryo, Backjae, and Gaya surrounding Sil-la but Japan, and to suppress these countries, and then to put the (Korean) peninsular under the influence and rule of Sil-la. This patriotic consciousness was much influenced by peculiar faith, Confucianism including Buddhism for defence, and as the result of fusion of these, Wha-rangdo sublimated into the peculiar spirit of Sil-la. 4. Considering that there are a great number of literary works involving patriotic consciousness among the whole Korean literary works, I am sure that through this study it is possible to systematize the patriotic literature and the theories and works of the patriotic literature systematized can play the leading role as the materials for the education of the nation.

Novel Polyhydroxybutyrate-Degrading Activity of the Microbulbifer Genus as Confirmed by Microbulbifer sp. SOL03 from the Marine Environment

( Sol Lee Park ),( Jang Yeon Cho ),( Su Hyun Kim ),( Hong-ju Lee ),( Sang Hyun Kim ),( Min Ju Suh ),( Sion Ham ),( Shashi Kant Bhatia ),( Ranjit Gurav ),( See-hyoung Park ),( Kyungmoon Park ),( Yun-go 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.1

Ever since bioplastics were globally introduced to a wide range of industries, the disposal of used products made with bioplastics has become an issue inseparable from their application. Unlike petroleum-based plastics, bioplastics can be completely decomposed into water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms in a relatively short time, which is an advantage. However, there is little information on the specific degraders and accelerating factors for biodegradation. To elucidate a new strain for biodegrading poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), we screened out one PHB-degrading bacterium, Microbulbifer sp. SOL03, which is the first reported strain from the Microbulbifer genus to show PHB degradation activity, although Microbulbifer species are known to be complex carbohydrate degraders found in high-salt environments. In this study, we evaluated its biodegradability using solid- and liquid-based methods in addition to examining the changes in physical properties throughout the biodegradation process. Furthermore, we established the optimal conditions for biodegradation with respect to temperature, salt concentration, and additional carbon and nitrogen sources; accordingly, a temperature of 37℃ with the addition of 3% NaCl without additional carbon sources, was determined to be optimal. In summary, we found that Microbulbifer sp. SOL03 showed a PHB degradation yield of almost 97% after 10 days. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the potent bioplastic degradation activity of Microbulbifer sp., and we believe that it can contribute to the development of bioplastics from application to disposal.

Sol–gel derived organic/inorganic hybrid gels based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl aspartamide) and silica

Young Sil Jeon,Jing Lei,Dong June Chung,Ji-Heung Kim 한국공업화학회 2009 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.15 No.4

The sol–gel derived polymer/silicate hybrid materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years. The incorporation of silicate phase into polymeric materials may constitute an important tool to either enhance mechanical properties or provide more biocompatibility to the resulting hybrids. PHEA, a,b-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl-DL-aspartamide), is a class of poly(amino acid)s that has been widely studied as a biodegradable functional polymer with potential biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Hydrogels from PHEA are formed easily by a chemical or physical crosslinking reaction but the resulting gels are mechanically weak and less thermally stable. In this study, hybrid materials were prepared based on PHEA and silicate. A sol–gel process was employed using TEOS and modified PHEA to introduce inorganic silicate phase within the polymer gel matrix. FT-IR and NMR were used to analyze the chemical structure of the PHEA derivatives. In addition, the morphology, thermal and swelling properties of the hybrid gels were examined.

Effects of Humidity on the Microstructure and the Ferroelectric Properties of Sol-Gel grown P(VDF-TrFE) Films

Young Joon Ko,진다운,Dae Sol Kong,Jong Hoon Jung 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.76 No.4

We report the microstructure and the ferroelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] films grown under various humidity conditions and synthesis times by using a sol-gel method. When the synthesis time under a humid condition was short (approximately 30 min), the moisture in the environment affected only the surface morphology without any loss of ferroelectricity for the P(VDF-TrFE) films. In contrast, when the synthesis time was long (approximately 90 min), the moisture strongly affected the microstructure and the ferroelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE). The transparent P(VDF-TrFE) film became opaque at high humidity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed numerous pores on the surface of and inside the film. The pores reduced the Young's modulus considerably from 4.15 to 0.97 GPa for the films grown at 20 and 80% relative humidity, respectively. In addition, the ferroelectric hysteresis loop disappeared at humidities above 60%. This work provides upper limits for the humidity and the synthesis time for the growth of high-quality P(VDF-TrFE) films by using a sol-gel method.

Adipic Acid Assisted Sol-Gel Synthesis of Li1+x(Mn0.4Ni0.4Fe0.2)1-xO2 (0 < x < 0.3) as Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Kaliyappan Karthikeyan,Samuthirapandian Amaresh,Ju-Nam Son,Shin-Ho Kim,Min-Chul Kim,김광진,이윤성,Sol-Nip Lee 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.1

Layered Li1+x(Mn0.4Ni0.4Fe0.2)1-xO2 (0 < x < 0.3) solid solutions were synthesized using solgel method with adipic acid as chelating agent. Structural and electrochemical properties of the prepared powders were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. All powders had a phase-pure layered structure with R3m space group. The morphological studies confirmed that the size of the particles increased at higher x content. The charge-discharge profiles of the solid solution against lithium using 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC as electrolyte revealed that the discharge capacity increases with increasing lithium content at the 3a sites. Among the cells, Li1.2(Mn0.32Ni0.32Fe0.16)O2 (x = 0.2)/ Li+ exhibits a good electrochemical property with maximum initial capacity of 160 mAhg−1 between 2-4.5 V at 0.1 mAcm−2 current density and the capacity retention after 25 cycles was 92%. Whereas, the cell fabricated with x = 0.3 sample showed continuous capacity fading due to the formation of spinel like structure during the subsequent cycling. The preparation of solid solutions based on LiNiO2-LiFeO2-Li2MnO3 has improved the properties of its end members.

Adipic Acid Assisted Sol-Gel Synthesis of Li_1+x(Mn_0.4Ni_0.4Fe_0.2)_1-xO₂ (0 < x < 0.3) as Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Karthikeyan, Kaliyappan,Amaresh, Samuthirapandian,Son, Ju-Nam,Kim, Shin-Ho,Kim, Min-Chul,Kim, Kwang-Jin,Lee, Sol-Nip,Lee, Yun-Sung Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.1

Layered $Li_{1+x}(Mn_{0.4}Ni_{0.4}Fe_{0.2})_{1-x}O_2$ (0 < x < 0.3) solid solutions were synthesized using solgel method with adipic acid as chelating agent. Structural and electrochemical properties of the prepared powders were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. All powders had a phase-pure layered structure with $R\bar{3}m$ space group. The morphological studies confirmed that the size of the particles increased at higher x content. The charge-discharge profiles of the solid solution against lithium using 1 M $LiPF_6$ in EC/DMC as electrolyte revealed that the discharge capacity increases with increasing lithium content at the 3a sites. Among the cells, $Li_{1.2}(Mn_{0.32}Ni_{0.32}Fe_{0.16})O_2$ (x = 0.2)/$Li^+$ exhibits a good electrochemical property with maximum initial capacity of 160 $mAhg^{-1}$ between 2-4.5 V at 0.1 $mAcm^{-2}$ current density and the capacity retention after 25 cycles was 92%. Whereas, the cell fabricated with x = 0.3 sample showed continuous capacity fading due to the formation of spinel like structure during the subsequent cycling. The preparation of solid solutions based on $LiNiO_2-LiFeO_2-Li_2MnO_3$ has improved the properties of its end members.

The roles of surface chemistry and topography in the strength and rate of osseointegration of titanium implants in bone

Sul, Young-Taeg,Kang, Byung-Soo,Johansson, Carina,Um, Heung-Sik,Park, Chan-Jin,Albrektsson, Tomas Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A Vol.a89 No.4

<P>The present study investigated the effects of surface chemistry and topography on the strength and rate of osseointegration of titanium implants in bone. Three groups of implants were compared: (1) machine-turned implants (turned implants), (2) machine-turned and aluminum oxide-blasted implants (blasted implants), and (3) implants that were machine-turned, aluminum oxide-blasted, and processed with the micro-arc oxidation method (Mg implants). Three and six weeks after implant insertion in rabbit tibiae, the implant osseointegration strength and rate were evaluated. Surface chemistry revealed characteristic differences of nine at.% Mg for Mg implants and 11 at.% Al for blasted implants. In terms of surface roughness, there was no difference between Mg implants and blasted implants in developed surface ratio (Sdr; p = 0.69) or summit density (Sds; p = 0.96), but Mg implants had a significantly lower arithmetic average height deviation (Sa) value than blasted implants (p = 0.007). At both 3 and 6 weeks, Mg implants demonstrated significantly higher osseointegration strength compared with turned (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001) and blasted (p = 0.0001, p = 0.035) implants, whereas blasted implants showed significantly higher osseointegration than turned implants at 6 weeks (p = 0.02) but not at 3 weeks (p = 0.199). The present results not only support the hypothesis that biochemical bonding facilitates rapid and strong integration of implants in bone, but also provide evidence for biochemical bonding theory previously proposed by Sul. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009</P>

초등 문학교육에서 내면화 활동의 개선 방향 - 2015 개정 국어 교과서를 중심으로 -

진솔 ( Jin¸ Sol ) 청람어문교육학회 2021 청람어문교육 Vol.- No.83

본고는 초등 문학교육에서 다뤄지는 내면화의 의미를 고찰하고 내면화 활동의 양상을 비판적으로 살폈으며 개선 방향을 제안하였다. 문학교육에서 학습자는 작품 속 가치를 이미 존재하는 것으로서 수용하기보다는, 능동적인 태도로 작품과의 상호작용을 통해 적극적으로 가치를 내면화할 필요가 있다. 따라서 내면화는 비판과 상상의 작용을 통한 반성 작용으로서 의미화할 수 있다. 이론적 고찰을 토대로 실제 2015 개정 국어 교과서에는 내면화를 위한 활동이 어떻게 구현되었는지를 살폈다. 이를 바탕으로 한 내면화 활동의 개선 방향은 첫째, 문학 작품에 기반한 독자 경험을 활성화할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 인물의 말과 행동을 유기적으로 연결 지어 종합적 맥락을 파악해야 한다. 셋째, 서사적 상상력을 발현할 필요가 있다. 이와 관련하여 학습자의 적극적 표현 활동이 가치의 내면화를 위해 필요하다. This paper examines the meaning of internalization in elementary school literature education, critically examines the aspects of internalization activities, and suggests directions for improvement. In literary education, learners need to actively internalize values through interaction with works in an active attitude, rather than accepting the values in works as already existing ones. Therefore, internalization can be understood as a reflection action through the action of criticism and imagination. Based on theoretical considerations, we examined how the activities for internalization were implemented in the actual 2015 revised Korean textbook. To improve the internalization activity based on this, first, it is necessary to activate the reader's experience based on literary works. Second, it is necessary to organically connect the words and actions of the characters to understand the overall context. Third, it is necessary to express narrative imagination. In this regard, active expression activities of learners are necessary for internalization of values.

The phase relationship of Na+-beta-aluminas synthesized by a sol-gel process in the ternary system Na2O-Al2O3-Li2O

임성기,Sung-Tae Lee,Seung-Gyun Kim,Min-Ho Jang,Sul-Hyee Hwang,허정림 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2010 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.11 No.1

Na+-β"-alumina was synthesized by a sol-gel process in the ternary system Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3. In order to research the phase formation of Na+-β"-alumina by varying the composition and calcination temperature in the range of pH 1-9, the sodium concentration was varied within the molar ratio range, [Na2O] : [Al2O3] = 1 : 4-1 : 8, and the calcination temperature was varied between 1100-1500 oC. The phase fraction of Na+-β"-alumina indicated a tendency to increase continually to 1500 oC. It was shown that up to about 88% in the molar ratio of [Na2O] : [Al2O3] = 1 : 5, the transient eutectic liquid in the Li2O-Na2OAl2O3system at about 1460 oC promoted the transformation of β-alumina to β"-alumina at higher temperatures. The average particle size of the synthesized powder was 300-500 nm.

Proton-irradiated Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ thick films for flexible non-volatile memory applications

Lee, Tae Kwon,Kong, Dae Sol,Jin, Da Woon,Yun, Shinhee,Yang, Chan-Ho,Jung, Jong Hoon ELSEVIER 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated the ferroelectricity in proton-irradiated flexible Pb(Zr<SUB>0.52</SUB>Ti<SUB>0.48</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB> (PZT) thick films and their non-volatile memory characteristics. The Ni-Cr metal foil substrate allowed high-quality polycrystalline PZT films with flexible functionality to be fabricated using conventional sol-gel and high-temperature annealing methods. The 10-MeV proton-irradiated PZT film exhibited an almost square polarization−electric field hysteresis curve with saturated (<I>P</I> <SUB>s</SUB>) and remnant (<I>P</I> <SUB> <I>r</I> </SUB>) polarizations of 18.9 and 17.0 μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively; which are slightly lower than as-grown PZT with <I>P</I> <SUB>s</SUB> = 28.7 μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and <I>P</I> <SUB> <I>r</I> </SUB> = 24.3 μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. The <I>P</I> <SUB> <I>r</I> </SUB> did not decrease even after 1000 cycles of continuous bending and unbending at a bending radius of 2.14 mm and decreased slightly to ∼80% of its initial value after 10<SUP>5</SUP> s. Although the <I>P</I> <SUB> <I>r</I> </SUB> decreased to ∼55% after 10<SUP>10</SUP> cycles, the electric polarization remained switchable under positive and negative electric fields. These characteristics suggest that the flexible PZT films could be utilized in non-volatile memory device applications in environments with high doses of proton irradiation, such as those in aeronautics and nuclear power plants.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sol-gel growth of flexible PZT thick films on a Ni-Cr metal foil substrate. </LI> <LI> Large saturated and remnant electric polarization in proton-irradiated films. </LI> <LI> Mechanical stability, long retention time, and high fatigue resistance even after the high energy proton-irradiation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>