THREE-DIMENSIONAL LORENTZIAN PARA-KENMOTSU MANIFOLDS AND YAMABE SOLITONS

( Pankaj ),( Sudhakar K. Chaubey ),( Rajendra Prasad ) 호남수학회 2021 호남수학학술지 Vol.43 No.4

The aim of the present work is to study the properties of three-dimensional Lorentzian para-Kenmotsu manifolds equipped with a Yamabe soliton. It is proved that every three-dimensional Lorentzian para-Kenmotsu manifold is Ricci semi-symmetric if and only if it is Einstein. Also, if the metric of a three-dimensional semi-symmetric Lorentzian para-Kenmotsu manifold is a Yamabe soliton, then the soliton is shrinking and the flow vector field is Killing. We also study the properties of threedimensional Ricci symmetric and η-parallel Lorentzian para-Kenmotsu manifolds with Yamabe solitons. Finally, we give a non-trivial example of three-dimensional Lorentzian para-Kenmotsu manifold.

Optimized deep neural network models for blood pressure classification using Fourier analysis‑based time–frequency spectrogram of photoplethysmography signal

Pankaj,Ashish Kumar,Manjeet Kumar,Rama Komaragiri 대한의용생체공학회 2023 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.13 No.4

Appropriate blood pressure (BP) management through continuous monitoring and rapid diagnosis helps to take preventivecare against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). As hypertension is one of the leading causes of CVDs, keeping hypertensionunder control by a timely screening of subjects becomes lifesaving. This work proposes estimating BP from motion artifactaffectedphotoplethysmography signals (PPG) by applying signal processing techniques in realtime. This paper proposes adeep neural network-based methodology to accurately classify PPG signals using a Fourier theory-based time–frequency(TF) spectrogram. This work uses the Fourier decomposition method (FDM) to transform a PPG signal into a TF spectrogram. In the proposed work, the last three layers of the pre-trained deep neural network, namely, GoogleNet, DenseNet, andAlexNet, are modified and then used to classify the PPG signal into normotension, pre-hypertension, and hypertension. Theproposed framework is trained and tested using the MIMIC-III and PPG–BP databases using five-fold training and testing. Out of the three deep neural networks, the proposed framework with the DenseNet-201 network performs best, with a testaccuracy of 96.5%. The proposed work uses FDM to compute the TF spectrogram to accurately separate the motion artifactsand noise components from a noise-corrupted PPG signal. Capturing more frequency components that contain moreinformation from PPG signals makes the deep neural networks extract better and more meaningful features. Thus, training adeep neural network model with clean PPG signal features improves the generalized capability of a BP classification modelwhen tested in realtime.

Bhargavaea indica sp. nov., a Member of the Phylum Firmicutes, Isolated from Arabian Sea Sediment

Pankaj Verma,성치남,Prashant Kumar Pandey,Ramesh Ramchandra Bhonde,Cathrin Spröer,Manfred Rohde,Yogesh Shreepad Shouche 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.1

A Gram-positive, aerobic, coccoid-rod shaped, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated strain KJW98T, was isolated from the marine sediment of Karwar jetty, west coast of India. The strain was β-haemolytic, nonendospore-forming and grew with 0–8.5% (w/v) NaCl, at 15–48°C and at pH 6.5–9.0, with optimum growth with 0.5% (w/v) NaCl, at 42°C and at pH 7.0–8.0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences showed that strain KJW98T forms a lineage within the genus Bhargavaea. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 55 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain KJW98T with B. beijingensis DSM 19037T, B. cecembensis LMG 24411T and B. ginsengi DSM 19038T were 43.2, 39 and 26.5%, respectively. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (37.7%), iso-C15:0 (19.7%), anteiso-C17:0 (17.0%) and iso-C16:0 (11.1%). The predominant menaquinone was MK-8 and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was of A4α type with L-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The phenotypic, genotypic and DNA–DNA relatedness data indicate that strain KJW98T should be distinguished from the members of the genus Bhargavaea, for which the name Bhargavaea indica sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain KJW98T (=KCTC 13583T=LMG 25219T).

Enhancement in CO oxidation activity of nanosized CexZr1-xO2 solid solutions by incorporation of additional dopants

Pankaj Bharali,Benjaram M. Reddy,Pranjal Saikia,Lakshmi Katta 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.1

The influence of Hf, Pr and Tb dopant cations on structural and catalytic properties of nanosized CexZr1-xO2 solid solutions has been investigated. A wide range of analytical techniques are utilized to characterize the synthesized materials, and the catalytic activity is evaluated for CO oxidation. XRD,Raman, SEM and TEM results suggested formation of dopant cation incorporated ceria–zirconia solid solutions with highly homogeneous morphology and lattice defects. The CO-TPR measurements revealed an enhanced reducibility of CexZr1-xO2 which is reflected in their better catalytic activity. The role of Tb4+/Tb3+ and Pr4+/Pr3+ redox couples in facilitating a higher activity has been addressed.

Synthesis, surface active and thermal properties of novel imidazolium cationic monomeric surfactants

Pankaj Patial,Arifa Shaheen,Ishtiaque Ahmad 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.6

A series of long chain water soluble cationics have been synthesized by using renewable raw materialslike fatty alcohols and epichlorohydrin. The surface activity of the molecules has been determined bymeasurement of their conductance and surface tension in aqueous solution. The dynamics of surfaceactivity of these surfactants have also been investigated in the presence of sodium halides, NaCl and NaBrby surface tension measurement. A series of useful parameters like critical micelle concentration (cmc),surface tension at the cmc (gcmc), adsorption efficiency (pC20), effectiveness of surface tension reduction(Pcmc), Gibbs free energy of the micellization (DG0 mic) and Gibbs free energy of adsorption (DG0 ads)have been determined from the measurements obtained by surface tension and conductivity method. Further with the application of the Gibbs adsorption isotherm, maximum surface excess concentration(umax) and minimum surface area/molecule (Amin) at the air–water interface were also estimated. Thermal stability of these long chain cationics has been measured by thermal gravimetric analysis undernitrogen atmosphere. Analysis of thermal stability measurement indicated that the thermal stability ofthese long chain imidazoliums increase with an increase in chain length

An overview of converting reductive photocatalyst into all solid-state and direct Z-scheme system for water splitting and CO2 reduction

Pankaj Raizada,Abhinandan Kumar,Vasudha Hasija,Pardeep Singh,Vijay Kumar Thakur,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.93 No.-

Considering the current scenario of rising environmental and energy concerns, engineering of Z-schemephotocatalytic systems is in the spotlight. The prime reason for this includes efficient redox abilities andeffective space separation along with the migration of photoinduced charge carriers over conventionalheterojunction systems. Herein we foreground the stumbling blocks of traditional heterojunctionsystems and enlighten the generations of Z-scheme photocatalysis originating from liquid-phase todirect Z-scheme photocatalytic systems. We provide substantial criteria and selection aspects ofchoosing reductive type photocatalysts as a potential aspirant for the Z-scheme photocatalytic system. AsZ-scheme photocatalytic systems render effective space separation of photogenerated carriers, activespecies generation, wide optical absorption and amended redox ability. We focus on comprehensiveillustration of all solid-state and direct Z-scheme photocatalysts by coupling reductive typephotocatalysts with other semiconductor material and explored their potential for efficacious conversionof solar energy into functional energy. Herein, we aim to provide in-depth and updated criteria forselecting Z-scheme photocatalysts for CO2 reduction, water splitting, and nitrogenfixation. Lastly, thearticle compiles with a conclusive note about future perspectives and challenges accompanying all solidstateand direct Z-scheme Z photocatalysts and their energy conversion applications.

Maitreya Cult in Early Shilla: Focusing on Hwarang as Maitreya-incarnate

( Pankaj N. Mohan ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2001 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.14 No.-

This paper attempts to look at the political significance of the cult of Maitreya in early Shilla and the limitations of its modem interpretations. A number of Korean and Western scholars have written on the subject, and have correctly pointed out that the order of Hwarang represented the process of indigenization of Maitreya in Shilla. A more systematic and nuanced study, however, requires an understanding of the import and implications of the idiom of 'mofa' (malpǒp) in the mid-sixth century China and the related development of the manifestation of Maitreya as Yueguang tongzi (Prince Moonlight). This approach is important also because 'Shouluo biqiu jing,' a Dunhuang text on Yueguang tongzi, is set against the background of 'junzi guo' or Country of Gentlemen, an epithet which has been used for the Korean peninsula since the later Han period. Based on the new data and a novel interpretation of the available sources, the paper sets forth the hypothesis that the attempt by the Shilla royalty to promote Maitreya cult amongst aristocracy under its supervision was a political strategy aimed at blunting its millenarian edge and harnessing its appeal as a force of national unity.

The Uses of Buddhist and Shamanistic Symbolism in the Empowerment of Queen Sondok

Pankaj Mohan 국제불교문화사상사학회 2005 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.5 No.-

Monk Iryon’s Understanding of the History of Indian Buddhism and Buddhist Thought

Pankaj Moha(판카즈 모한) 신라사학회 2014 新羅史學報 Vol.0 No.30

As a monk of Koryo who witnessed the crisis caused by the invasion of the Mongols, the abortive Myoch’ong rebellion and the attendant intensification of Confucian criticism of Buddhism, Iryon compiled the historical text the Samguk yusa with a view to producing an interpretation of Korea’s Buddhist past in such a way as to confirm and even embellish the positive influence of Buddhism on Korean society. He was conscious of the legitimatory function of Buddhism in early Korea and the broad cultural frontier of Silla Buddhist, and it was this worldview that led him to look beyond China and trace the roots of many Buddhist symbols, rhetoric and rituals directly to India. It is because of Iryon’s worldview that we are able to acquire an insightful understanding of the underlying purpose of King Chinhung’s invocation of King Asoka and the employment of the symbolism of Ayodhya by the descendants of Kaya. King Chinhung projected himself as a cakravartin, a Universal ruler who upholds righteousness and expands hist erritory in all the four directions. King Chinhung also assumed a Buddhist persona by adopting the Dharma name of Pobun(Dharma Cloud). His assumption of the role of Bodhisattva authenticated the indigeneous tradition of shaman-king, a ruler who combined both religious and political power. King Chunhung’s assumption of a Buddhist persona did not threaten to collapse the boundary between sangha and state?it legitimized royal control over Buddhist church and defined the parameters of sacrality of the royal house. The legend about Kim Suro’s spouse being a princess of Ayodhya was als a means to define him as a sacred ruler and the Kimhae Kim Lineage(royal house of Kaya) as sacred as the Kyongju Kim (the Silla Royalty) that arrogated to itself the Songol (Sacred Bone) status. In other words it is possible that a boat, laden with a woman from the state of Ayodhya along with a stupa (to serve as a talisman) drifted to the shores of Kaya and a shrine was erected in herhonour, and in subsequent centuries she was deified as the consort of Kim Suro, the the legendarty founder-ruler of Kaya, the temple was renamed Wanghu or Queen Temple (the expression wanghu was not used in the early Christian centuries and its use in the context of the 5<SUP>th</SUP> century is anachronistic). In early Koryo the Indian “queen” was given the family name Ho retroactively in order to enhance the power and prestige of the Kimhae Ho lineage. Wangryeok of the Samguk yusa also throws light on the way the Silla roylaty during the “Mid-Antiquity” period invoked such India-related rhetoric as cakravartin, King Asoka, Suklodana, Mayadevi and Ksatriya in order to sacralise the royalty and project it as a coalescence of sacred and profane domains. Emulating the ideals of King Asoka the ruler of Silla during this period attempted to publicise Silla as a “Buddha land”. Asoka declared in his edict that he toured his domain for 256 days (the number of days Buddhist monks are allowed to wander before observing rain-retreat) and furthermore, Yijing wrote in his record of travel to India in the 8th century that he saw a statue of Asoka in the robe of a monk. These pieces of evidence demonstrate that Asoka combined the two domains ? secular and sacred and his monkhood was intended to transform kingship as a sacred institution.

7세기 초 신라왕권의 강화와 불교 : 원광과 자장의 역할을 중심으로

Pankaj Mohan,송준혁(역) 신라사학회 2007 新羅史學報 Vol.- No.9