백제 전지왕 ‘奉元四年’銘 칠지도와 그 사상적 배경

박남수 ( Park¸ Namsoo ) 동아시아비교문화연구회 2021 東硏(동연) Vol.10 No.-

필자는 칠지도 연구의 가장 첨예한 쟁점이 되는 연호와 제작일을 길상구설의 문제와 함께 살피고자 하였다. 특히 본 명문의 연호를 ‘奉元’으로 석독하고, 본 칠지도를 전지왕 4년(408) 11월 16일에 제작하였음을 확인하였다. 또한 본 명문의 주요 쟁점 가운데 ‘丙午 正陽’ 및 ‘奇生’의 의미를 살피고, 칠지도가 『周易』의 ‘奇生’의 원리에 바탕하여 양의 기운이 생성하는 동짓날을 택하여 제작된 것이었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 동 명문상의 ‘마땅히 후왕에게 준다(冝供供侯王)’거나 ‘백제 왕세자가 倭王을 위하여 旨를 내려 만들었으니 후세에 전하여 보이라(爲倭王旨造傳示世)’고 한 것은, 괘상에서 乾과 坎의 강건함은 백제이고, 坤과 离의 유순함은 왜를 지칭한 것을 반영한 것으로 보았다. 나아가 명문 ‘百練銕七支刀’의 ‘七支’가 불교의 전륜성왕 칠보 가운데 象寶의 특징을 묘사한 것이라는 점에서, 칠지도 제작에 있어서 전륜성왕 이념의 투영 가능성을 상정하였다. I tried to elucidate the prodcution date and the equivalent era name of the Seven-branched Sword (K. Chiljido) with the issue of an auspicious sign theory. In particular, it was confirmed that the era name indicated in the inscription engraved on Chiljido as ‘Bong-won (Ch. 奉元),’ and that this sword was produced on November 16, the 4th year of King Jeonji's reign (408). In addition, the meaning of '丙午 正陽' and '奇生' among the main issues related to the inscription was examined. Through this process, it was figured that Chiljido was produced on the winter solstice day when the energy of Yang (Ch. 陽) was generated based on the principle of ‘奇生’ from the Book of Changes. Therefore, it analyzed the meaning of 'giving it to a feudal lord(Ch. 冝供供侯王) ' or 'the crown prince of Paekche issued an edict to make the sword for the king of Japan, so give it to future generations.' The meaning seems to reflect that the robustness of trigrams of the sky (Ch. 乾) and water (Ch. 坎) in the trigrams from the Book of Changes is Paekche, and the meekness of trigrams of the earth (Ch. 乾) and fire (Ch. 离) refers to Japan. Furthermore, given that ‘seven branches (Ch. 七支)’ included in the phrase ‘Seven-branched Sword of 100 times tempered iron (Ch. 百練銕七支刀)’ describes the characteristics of ‘the Jewell of Elephant’ among the Seven Treasures of Chakravarti of Buddhism, the possibility of projecting the ideology of Chakravarti in the production of Chiljido was assumed.

Charles Dickens의 사회비판 연구 -Little Dorrit의 Circumlocution Office에 대한 비판을 중심으로-

장남수 ( Chang¸ Nam-soo ) 현대영미어문학회 1992 현대영미어문학 Vol.10 No.-

This paper proposes a ‘realistic’ interpretation of the Circumlocution Office in Charles Dickens’s Little Dorrit, based on his critique of the industrial society whose essence lies in capitalism. The industrial society in question is the one that followed the capitalistic development after the Industrial Revolution and gave an unprecedented confusion and shock to contemporary people who were exposed to its ruthless logic. The fact that the background of this work is the capitalist society, becomes explicit from the observation that market image or an image connected with the commodity exchange pervades the entire work. Dickens’s representations of the Circumlocution Office, coupled with its linkage with various characters and events, contribute to the apt criticism of the Victorian reality. His satirical treatments of this Office do not merely point to the bureaucratic inefficiency or the feudal remnants. Rather, they point to the substantial inefficiency and anti-popularity of capitalism, which are understood from the popular standpoint.

Optimization of Enzyme Membrane for a Needle-type L-Lactate Biosensor

Namsoo Kim 한국식품과학회 1997 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.6 No.2

Characteristics and Functional Properties of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Protein Hydrolyzates Prepared by Treatment with a Serratial Proteinase

Namsoo Kim 한국식품과학회 1996 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.5 No.3

Internet-of-things nail-printing technology using non-face-to-face contact

Namsoo Peter Kim 대한미용의학회 2020 대한미용의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Background: With the spread of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), face-to-face contact in business and educational hubs has decreased. This is especially true for the beauty industry, where long-term contact with operators and customers is required. Therefore, the emergence of new alternative business models is essential. Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply nonfacing and real-time three-dimensional (3D) nail-printing systems to cosmetic industries, educational institutions, and educational systems. Three-dimensional non-face-to-face printing equipment have enabled nail art to be precisely and remotely controlled, which facilitates the replacement of nail technology that is based on body contact. Methods: From January to April 2020, the use of the internet-of-things (IoT)-controlled non-face-to-face and real-time 3D nailprinting systems was tested. Nail artists and customers were isolated, and more than 200 patterns were tested with non-face-toface contact between Korea and the United States. A built-in IoT operating system was tested in an online platform, and the advantages and problems of non-face-to-face contact were systematically analyzed. Results: The rapid development of IoT-controlled non-face-to-face and real-time 3D nail-printing systems was achieved to reduce entry barriers for nail art utilizing 3D-printing technology. The most crucial parts were determined to be reliably creating 3D shapes, reproducibility, economical operation, and timely maintenance. Conclusion: The nail art business model, in which the education and business sectors depend entirely on face-to-face contact, has been disrupted and deemed unpredictable due to the social distancing norms that have been adopted for countering the COVID-19 epidemic. Nevertheless, secure and remote accessibility to non-face-to-face and real-time 3D nail-printing systems for nail artists were successfully applied and tested to respond to this situation.

Electrochemical Properties of a Disposable L-Lactate Sensor Prepared by Printing Technique

Namsoo Kim,Nagata Ryohei,Isao Karube 한국식품과학회 1995 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.2

Plasma total homocysteine and macrovascular complications are associated with food and nutrient intake in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus

Namsoo Chang,Ji-Myung Kim,Hyesook Kim,Yong Wook Cho 한국영양학회 2007 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.1 No.2

The present study was conducted to document the association between plasma homocysteine levels and the presence of macrovascular angiopathy with food and nutrient intake patterns among patients with Type II diabetes mellitus in Korea. Plasma total homocysteine concentration was analyzed by HPLC-fluorescence detector method in 127 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression analyses were performed respectively to study the association of plasma homocysteine levels with clinical and dietary characteristics and macroangiopathy (MA). The average plasma homocysteine level of patients with MA was 14.2 μ㏖/ℓ, which was significantly higher than that of patients without MA (11.4 μ㏖/ℓ). The proportions of patients with MA showed a significant difference, being 32.3% in hyperhomocysteinemic (>14.0 μ㏖/ℓ) patients and 13.5% in others with homocysteine levels lower than 14.0 μ㏖/ℓ. Odds ratios for macroangiopathy by tertile increase of plasma homocysteine concentration were 1.633 (Q₂) and 4.831 (Q₃), when adjusted for age, sex, and cigarette smoking. Patients with MA consumed reduced amounts of vitamin B1, B2, and folate. The results indicate that the plasma homocysteine levels are significantly increased in NIDDM patients who have macroangiopathy. Dietary management such as increased fruits and vegetables and decreased potatoes and starches might be beneficial for the prevention of macroangiopathy in diabetic patients.

Simulation Study of Geometrical Effects on Electrical Characteristics of Field Emitter Device

Namsoo Kim,Yonjin Lee,Sangwon Seo,Yeongseuk Kim 대한전기학회 2000 Journal of Electical Engineering and information S Vol.5 No.3

Influence of Design of Bioinspired Nanostructures on Antireflection

Namsoo Kim(김남수),Seungmuk Ji(지승묵),Simon Song(송시몬),Hyuneui Lim(임현의) 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.11

Associations of dietary intake and metabolic syndrome risk parameters in Vietnamese female marriage immigrants in South Korea: The KoGES follow-up study

Namsoo Chang,Hye Won Chung,Ji-Myung Kim,Hyesook Kim,Hyesu Yang 대한지역사회영양학회 2016 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.10 No.3

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the overall changes in dietary intake and metabolic syndrome risk parameters in Vietnamese marriage-based female immigrants over time. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects of this study were 581 Vietnamese marriage-based female immigrants, who were recruited from local clinical centers in Korea. Baseline data were collected from 2006-2011 and the follow-up data were collected from 2012-2014. Dietary food intake was assessed by a 1-day 24-hour recall method. RESULTS: Compared to the baseline, the mean body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased while the fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased at follow-up. The total consumption of foods such as vegetables/fruits/seaweeds/mushrooms, oil and fat, and eggs decreased during the follow-up period, whereas the consumption of sugars, beverages and meats increased. Partial correlation between the rate of change [(Follow-up - Baseline) / Baseline × 100] in metabolic syndrome risk parameters and food intake after controlling for confounding factors showed that the waist circumference was positively correlated with either the total plant food intake (r = 0.1042, P = 0.0129) or the total food intake (r = 0.0880, P = 0.0359). The plasma levels of total cholesterol (r = -0.1918, P = 0.0289) and HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.1424, P = 0.0007) were negatively correlated with the percentage of total intake from plant food, and HDL-cholesterol levels were positively correlated with the intake of total animal food (r = 0.0980, P = 0.0217). The serum C-reactive protein levels were positively correlated with the total intake of animal food (r = 0.2374, P < 0.0001) or the percentage of total intake from animal food (r = 0.1346, P = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the change rate of dietary intake such as total plant food or animal food is associated with the change rates of metabolic syndrome risk parameters.