로베르트 무질의 『세 여인』에 나타난 '합일'

강명구 숙명여자대학교 독일어권연구센터 1997 독일문화 Vol.4 No.-

Robert Musil glaubt, daβ der Menschengeist einer Zweiteilung unterzogen ist, die gegenseitigen Einfluβ ausu¨bt. Den einer der beiden Zusta¨nde kennt man als Normalzustand, eine Welt, in der alles von der Rationalita¨t genau bestimmt ist. Der andere ist derjenige Zustand, der man durch die Rationalita¨t nicht begreifen kann, also eine mystische Welt. Musils Meinung nach ist das Verha¨ltnis von Rationalita¨t und Mystik nicht so streng getrenntes, sondern ein komplementa¨res. Musil ist der Meinung, daβ sich die Geschichte der Menschheit mit der Wechselwirkung der beiden Bereiche entwickelt. Aber durch die Entwicklung der Natuwissenschaft und Industrie wird nur die Rationalita¨t hervorgehoben. Daher geraten Menschen und Gesellschaft in Widerspruch. Musil behauptet, daβ man die widerspru¨chliche Realita¨t u¨berwinden kann, insofern sich die beiden Bereiche vereinigen. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht davon aus, daβ die Vereinigund von Rationalita¨t und Mystik in "Drei Frauen" eine groβe Rolle spielt und zugleich die Frauen in Prozeβ der Vereinigung. In "Drei Frauen" erlebt der Protagonist eine Krise, die eine Verwandlung veranla¨βt. In jeder Erza¨hlung tritt die Ereignis ein, das den Mann aus der alltaggewohnten Lebensart reiβt. In jeder Erza¨hung widerfa¨hrt dem Protagonisten eine Entfremdung der allta¨glichen Welt gegenu¨ber und eine darauf folgende Beziehungslosigkeit und Identita¨tskrise. Die Frau spielt die zentrale Rolle bei dieser Krise und Wandlung des Mannes. Die nicht-ratioide, gefu¨hlsma¨βige Welt der Frau u¨bt auf die ratioide, geordnete Welt des Mannes starken Einfluβ aus. Aus der Wahrnehmung des Mannes von einer anderen Welt und darauf folgenden Bewuβtwerden einer unbefriedigenden Wirklichkeit entsteht das Verlangen nach einem "anderen Zustand". Es scheint sich um eine Suche nach der verlorenen Ha¨lfte des Lebens zu handeln, nach einem urspru¨nglichen Zustand, wo das ma¨nnliche und weibliche Prinzip eine Einheit bildten, wo der Bruch zwischen Intellekt und Gefu¨hl, zwischen Geist und Seele, zwischen Mensch und Natur noch nicht zustandegekommen war. Musil betont in "Drei Frauen" nachdru¨cklich: nur wenn man in der Vereinigung der beiden Bereiche, Rationalita¨t und Mystik, lebt, kann man die unharmonische Wirklichkeit u¨berwinden. Also ist die Suche Musils nach der Vereinigung von Rationalita¨t und Mystik ein Produkt seiner Gesinnung, durch die Dichtung eine mystische Welt zu verko¨rpern.

수 종의 생약제제가 human fetal osteoblasts의 염기성 인산분해 효소 활성에 미치는 영향

이명구,유형근 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2003 圓光齒醫學 Vol.12 No.2

Several growth factors and polypeptides are not commonly yet used for regenerators of bone tissue or alveolar bone because of the insufficiency of studies on their side effects, genetic engineering for mass production and stability for clinical application. Recently, many herbal medicines, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of ling-term use, have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Morindae Radix, Cibotium Barometz (L.), Albizziae Cortex, Cistandhis Herba have been traditionally used as medicines for treatment of bone disease in Eastern medicine. The objective of the present study is to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human fetal osteoblast (hFOB1) when several natural medicines were supplemented. hFOB1 were cultured with Dulbecuo's Modified Eagle's Medium Nutrient Mixture F-12 HAM ( DMEM/F-12 1:1 Mixture, Sigma, USA) and negative control, dexamethasone (positive control), and each natural medicines for 3 days. And then ALP activity was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and Alizarin red S staining for morphometry. Among the natural medicines of this study, Morindae Radix, Cibotium Barometz (L.) and Cistanchis Herba induced higher activity of ALP systhesis than negative controls in all experimental group. Albizziae Cortex showed mild increases than negative control group. According to measurement of positively stained area, all of the natural medicines of this study increased compared to negative control. Especially, Cibotium Barometz (L.) and Cistanchis Herba showed statistical significance compared to negative control (p<0.05). These results indicate that Morindae Radix, Cibotium Barometz (L.), Albizziae Cortex, Cistandhis Herba have an inducing ability of ALP synthesis on osteoblast.

Discrete Flows in a Flow

김명선,주진구 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1986 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.2

In this paper, some relations between a flow and discrete flows induced by this flow are described. It is shown that a flow(X,R,f) is Lyapunov stable if the discrete flow(X,Z,f_r) induced by this flow is Lyapunov stable.

效率的인 職業 探索過程 硏究 : 實業界 高等學校 學生을 中心으로

鄭命奎 인간교육자원경영학회 2003 人間敎育硏究 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study is to research the desirable teaching methods for occupation through the teachers of Information Department in industrial high school, employers of enterprises, and employed graduates. And we've got the following conclusions: First, to accomplish the educational goal of commercial high school, of all the educational activities, we have to emphasize the incubation of fundamental knowledge for practicality and scheme out the curriculum to attain the goal because they demand a high demand standard concerning the incubation of fundamental knowledge for practicality of all the educational activities. Second, they demand the enforcement of computer education for efficient working procedures. Third, for the enhancement of practicality, the skill must be educated within the realm of curriculum. Fourth, we must prepare for the guidance methods for the lasting education because the students of commercial high school have an much interest in higher education. Fifth, the elastic curriculum management is needed for the accomplishment of special subjects in accordance with the characteristics of department. Finally, we must accomplish the concrete guidance programs for the education of human relations and personalities in the etiquette education in workshop.

Dicyanovinyl기를 포함하는 Polyurethane의 합성과 그들의 열적성질

김상태,김병구,공명선 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1992 신소재 Vol.2 No.-

주쇄에 enaminonitrile을 포함하는 polyurethane의 성질을 조사하기 위하여 먼저 p-bis-(1-chloro-2,2-dicyanovinyl)benzene(1)에 2-(N-methylamino)-ethanol과 4-piperidinol을 반응시켜 p-bis[1-[N-mthyl-N-(hydroxyethyl)amino]-2,2-dicyanovinyl]benzene(2)과 p-bis[α-[1-(4-hydroxypiperidinyl)-β,β-dicyanoviny]]benzene(3)을 합성하였다. 이들을 각각 hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI), tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate(TDI), diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate(MDI)와 반응시켜 polyurethane을 얻었다. 또한 모델 화합물은 1과 phenylisocyanate의 반응에 의하여 얻었으며, 중합체의 화학적 구조는 모델 화합물과 비교에 의하여 분석하였다. 열적성질은 DSC와 TGA로 측정하였는데 2로부터 얻어진 polyurethane은 272-302℃에서 발열피크를, 3에서 얻어진 중합체는 315-323℃에서 큰 흡열피크를 보여주었다. 특히 2에서 얻어진 중합체들은 열경화후 불용성 중합체가 얻어졌으며, 3을 사용한 중합체는 큰 변화가 없었다. TGA 분석에서 500℃에서의 잔사량은 2의 중합체의 경우 55-68%이었으며 3의 중합체는 43-55%이었다. In order to investigate the properties of polyurethanes with enaminoitrile units in the main chain, p-bis[1-[N-methyl-N-(hydroxyethyl)amino)-2,2-dicyanovinyl]benzene(2) and p-bis[α-[1-(4-hydroxypiperidinyl)-β,β-dicyanovinyl]]benzene(3) were synthesized by reacting p-bis(1-chloro-2,2-dicyanovinyl) benzene (1) with 2-(N-methylamino)ethanol and 4-piperidinol. The polyurethanes were obtained from 2 and 3 with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), tolylene-2,40diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), respectively. Before the polymer synthesis, model compound has been also obtained from phenylisocyanate with 1, and the chemical structure of polyurethane was analyzed by comparison with model compound. the thermal properties were measured by DSC and TGA, the polyurethanes obtained from 2 showed a large exothermic peak at 272-302℃, and those obtained from 3 was showed large endothermic peak at 315-323℃. Especially, polymer obtained from 2 gives insoluble polymer after heat curing, whereas the polymers derivied from 3 unchanged in their solubility. In the case of polymers from 2, residual weight is in the range of 55-68% at 500℃, and polymers from 3 were in 43-55%.

PEG를 주쇄에 포함하는 알키드 레진의 미립자들의 분산효과에 관한연구

정세화,김병구,김창배,공명선 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1993 신소재 Vol.3 No.-

Alkyd resin의 분산제로서의 응용성을 알아보기 위하여 여러 가지 분자량의 PEG와 phthalic anhydride로부터 합성된 diacid와 stearic acid와 1,1,1-trimethylolethane으로부터 합성된 diol과의 축합중합에의하여 여러 가지조성의 alkyd resin을 합성하였으며 이들을 trichloroethane(TCE)용매 중에서 분산시 투광도, 시간별 침강속도 및 합성한 alkyd resin의 HLB값 등을 측정하였다. 실험결과 본 alkyd resin은 수지중에 친수성 부분과 소수성 부분을 가지고 있어 비교적 극성인 미립자들이 비극성 용매중에서 고르게 분산되었으며 PEG 1,000을 사용하여 합성한 alkyd resin(HLB값은 10.19)와 TCE용매 중에서 미립자들의 분산성이 가장 우수하였다. 또한 PEG분자량 증가와 함께 친수성 부분이 증가되어 분산성이 떨어짐을 알 수 있었다. Alkyd resins were prepared from phthalic anhydride, polyethylene glycol, stearic acid and 1,1,1-trimethylolethane. These product have both hydrophilic and lipophilic part. Dispersion tests were carried out spectrophotometrically in 1,1,1-trichloroethane using particles. Particles dispersion with alkyd resin showed that it was maximum when molecular weights of hydrophilic and lipophilic part were close to one. This happened when alkyd resin was prepared from PEG 1,000. This result was turned out to agree well with HLB value 10∼11.

DEA 첨가 금속 Alkoxide를 사용한 PZT 박막의 제조 및 특성 평가

윤화중,임무열,구경완,최명진 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.21 No.1

Lead acetate trihydrate, zirconium iso-propoxide and titanium iso-propoxide used for the starting material to fabricate PZT coating solution. Iso-metoxy-ethanol used for the solvent of the starting material. Adding diethanolamine formed the chelate compound and prevented the hydrosis of coating solution. The coating sol solution is changed to M-O-M structure polymer gel by adding H_2O, and the polymer gel has the more strong bonding force. The cross-sectional SEM micrograph of PZT thin film showed that the metal of lower electrode was silicated with SiO_2 of buffer layer. The SIMS depth profile for PZT thin film indicated that the metal of lower electrode and silicon was diffused up to the upper part of PZT thin film. For the X-RD data of PZT thin film, the thin film on Pt substrate and with Ti buffer layer had strong perovskite phase. The PZT thin films measured by Sawyer-Tower circuit showed feroelectric characteristic representating D-E hysterisis curve. The remanent polarization and coercive field of the film was 1.92 C/㎠ and 33.3kV/㎝. I-V characteristic curve showed that the leakage currents and break down voltages of PZT thin films on Ni/SiO_2/Si, Ti/SiO_2/Si, Pt/SiO_2/Si substrate was 1.43 × 10 exp (-10) A/㎠, 1.19×10 exp (-10) A/㎠, 2.28×10 exp (-10) A/㎠ and 0.334 MV/㎝, 0.33 MV/㎝, 0.11 MV/㎝ each. C-V curve indicated dielectric constant 57 The resistance antiresonance frequency of PZT film was 612 ㎒, and the resistance was 14 ㏀ at that frequency.

펄프 표백시 산소와 이산화염소의 영향 : 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 금속이온의 영향 The Effect of Hydroxyl Radical and Metal Ion

윤병호,조병묵,이명구 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 1997 Journal of Forest Science Vol.13 No.-

본 논문에서는 케미루민센스와 HPLC를 사용하여 산소 표백시 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 리그닌 및 탄수화물의 분해와의 상호관련성을 밝히기 위하여 간단한 리그닌 모델화합물인 아포사이놀과 탄수화물 모델화합물인 α-D-glucopyranose와 methyl-β-D-glucopyronoside를 사용하여 연구하였다. 또한 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 금속이온과의 연관성을 검토하고 탈리그닌을 촉진함과 동시에 탄수화물의 분해를 억제하는 최적의 금속이온 농도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 금속이온의 존재가 수산기 라디칼의 형성과 탈리그닌화에 효과적인 영향을 주며, Cu^2+ > Mn^2+ > Mg^2+ > Fe^2+ 순서로 수산기 라디칼이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 금속이온들은 탄수화물도 분해시키는 문제가 있음을 증명하였다. 그러나 100㎛ Mg^2+를 첨가하면 수산기 라디칼의 생성이 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 Cu^2+은 탄수화물의 안정성에 나쁜 영향을 미쳤으나, 3㎛ Mn^2+을 첨가하면 놀랍게도 methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside에 대해 약간의 보호효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이산화염소 라디칼 표백 용액 중에서는 이와 반대로 금속과 관계없이 상당한 양의 수산기 라디칼을 생성하지 않으나 이산화염소 자체의 라디칼이 리그닌만을 선택적으로 분해하였다. Hydroxyl radicals were detected and their qualitative yields were estimated by using chemiluminescence method and γ-irradiation technique in oxygen or chlorine dioxide radicals bleaching conditions. The correlation of hydroxyl radical formation and lignin model(Apocynol) or carbohydrate model(α-D-glucopyranose and methyl-β-D-g1ucopyranoside) degradation was studied in the presence of metal ion or without metal ion. The results showed that the presence of metal ions efficiently affected the formation of hydroxyl radicals in oxygen bleaching process, in the order of Cu^2+ > Mn^2+ > Mg^2+ > Fe^2+, and these metal gave also rise to the degradation of carbohydrate. But it was found that the addition of 100㎛ Mg^2+ gave an efficient protection against carbohydrate degradation and suppressed the hydroxyl radical formation under oxygen bleaching conditions. And the presence of Cu^2+ had a detrimental effect on the stability of carbohydrates, whereas the addition of 3㎛ Mn^2+ surprisingly had a small protective effect on methyl--β-D-g1ucopyranoside. In the CIO_2 radical bleaching conditions the hydroxyl radical expected to generate from water or substrates was not detected in the presence of metals.

상피세포 종양에서 bcl-2 표출에 관한 연구

김의한,정현,이종석,이성열,조명구 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

Background : The bc1-2 protein, contrast to p53, has been shown to be suppress the apoptosis, and overexpression of the bc1-2 protein has been reported in several malignant tumors. Although how the bc1-2 protein takes part in tumorgenesis has not been proved, the bc1-2 positive tumors appeared to have good prognosis in some malignant tumors. The expression pattern of the bc1-2 in keratinocyte originated skin tumors have not been well known. The authors analyzed immunohistochemically expression of the bc1-2 protein to invastigate the role of the bc1-2 protein in developing skin tumors. Method : 21 squamous cell carcinoma, 19 basal cell carcinoma, 9 keratoacanthoma 11 seborrehic keratosis and 9 Bowen's disease were immunostained with anti-bc1-2 monoclonal antibody. Results : 1. The bc1-2 negative reactions were seen in all cases of sqaumous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma and Bowen's disease. The basal layer in keratoacanthoma and Bowen's disease shown to be intense positive reaction in bc1-2, whch suggested of the protected barrier function from tumor cell invasion into the dermis. 2. The bc1-2 were positive in all basal cell carcinoma. 3. In seborreheic keratosis, 9 cases were negative and 2 cases were positive. The positive cases appeared to be resulted from invagination of the basal cells in the epidermis. Conclusion : The bc1-2 protein did not appear to express in full matures cell, but positive reaction are seen in proliferating activity cells. The bc1-2 positive cells are rahter not abnormal cells than have function of protection of tumor cell proliferation by the prolongation of survival time normal cell.

국내에서 생장한 Kenaf의 해부학적 특성

권영만,황원중,권성민,조준형,이명구,김남훈 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 2005 Journal of Forest Science Vol.21 No.-

국내에서 재배한 kenaf의 해부학적 특성을 광학현미경법으로 조사하였다. Kenaf의 수피부에는 인피섬유, 사부방사조직, 피층유세포 등이 존해하였고, 목질부는 도관, 목섬유, 방사조직 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 도관은 고립관공과 2~3개가 방사방향으로 복합한 복합관공이 많이 존재하였고, 방사조직은 평복, 직립, 방형세포가 모두 분포하고 있었다. 접선단면에서 방사조직은 단열 및 다열방사조직으로 구성되었다. 수피비의 인피섬유층은 생장기간과 함께 증가하였다. Anatomical properties of Kenaf cultivated in Korea was investigated using light microscopy. Bast fiber, phloem ray and cortex parencyma cell were observed in bast, and vessel, wood fiber and rat in core. A lot of solitary and multiple radial pores in core existed. The cell type of ray parenchyma in radial section was procumbent, upright and square sell. Uniseriate and multiseriate rays existed in tangential section. The layer of bast fiber in bast increased with in creasing the growth period.