태연혈(太淵穴)의 유침 시간에 따른 체온 변화 -적외선체열촬영(赤外線體熱撮影)을 중심으로-

이봉효 ( Bong Hyo Lee ),이경민 ( Kyung Min Lee ),박지하 ( Ji Ha Park ),김민서 ( Min Seo Kim ),김산들 ( San Deul Kim ),박병규 ( Byeong Gyu Park ),양현동 ( Hyun Dong Yang ),예성호 ( Sung Ho Yea ),이호정 ( Ho Jung Lee ),최재원 ( Jae 경락경혈학회 2012 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.29 No.2

Objectives: This study was performed to find the desirable remaining time of needle in the acupuncture treatment. Methods: The 21 volunteers were given acupuncture at LU9 vertically and needles were remained for 2 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, respectively. The thermographic change induced by acupuncture was measured with Digital Infrared Thermographic Image at the following acupoints: LU11, LU10, LU9, LU8, LU5, LU1, and PC7. The statistical significance of thermographi change was evaluated using paired t-test and post hoc Wilcoxon test. Results: The most significant changes after acupuncture were produced when needles were remained for 10 min or 15 min. LU11, LU5, LU1, and PC7 were the point at which all of the remaining time produced significant change commonly. At LU11, the biggest change was produced when needle was remained for 15 min, while at LU5, LU1, and PC7, the biggest change was produced when needle was remained for 30 min, and the smallest change was produced when needle was remained for 10 min at all of acupoints of LU11, LU5, LU1, and PC7. The unbalance between left side and right was decreased the most largely in 15 min group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the desirable remaining time of acupuncture needle might be 15 min.

과열증기처리 반탄화 추출물의 항산화 효과 검증에 관한 연구

오근혜(Geun Hye Oh),남정빈(Jeong Bin Nam),양승민(Seung Min Yang),정원희(Won Hee Joung),정진산(Jin San Jeong),신종민(Jong Min Shin),강석구(Seog Goo Kang) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2018 펄프.종이기술 Vol.50 No.2

The antioxidant properties of the extracts from torrefied wood subjected to superheated steam treatment were investigated. Total polyphenolics, total flavonoids, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) were determined to evaluate antioxidant activity. The total polyphenol content was 879.67±40.41 ㎎/mL at a concentration of 25 g/mL when the extract was subjected to a temperature of 300℃ for 10 min, and 759.67±25.17 ㎎/mL at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 350℃ for 10 min. The value of at 300℃ was 15.79% higher than that obtained at 350℃. Total flavonoid content was 111.18±3.55 ㎎/mL at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 300℃ for 10 min, and 80.58±2.58 ㎎/mL at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 350℃ for 10 min. The value at 300℃ was 37.97% higher than that obtained at 350℃. For the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the highest scavenging activity was observed at a concentration of 6 g/mL. DPPH free radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 6 g/mL at 300℃ for 10 min was 89.83±0.03%, whereas at 350℃ for 10 min at the same concentration, it was found to be 87.99±0.1%. The value at 300℃ was 2.09% higher than that obtained at 350℃. Reducing power was determined to be 3.59±0.04 at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 300℃ for 10 min, and 2.92±0.1 at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 350℃ for 10 min. The value at 300℃ was 22.94% higher than that obtained at 350℃. FRAP was 1742±37 μM at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 300℃ for 10 min, and 1106±8 μM at a at 350℃ for 10 min. At 300℃, the FRAP value was 57.50% higher than that obtained at 350℃. Based on these results, we suggest that torrefied wood treated with superheated steam can be used in various applications because of its effective antioxidant properties.

인간포배기 배아의 효과적인 유리화 동결법의 개발을 위한 연구

이상민,이주희,이상원,이승민,윤산현,임진호,박흠대,이성구,Lee, Sang-Min,Lee, Ju-Hee,Lee, Sang-Won,Lee, Seoung-Min,Yoon, San-Hyun,Lim, Jin-Ho,Park, Huem-Dai,Lee, Seong-Goo 대한생식의학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.30 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of vitrified blastocyst according to the freezing vessels, equilibration time in cryoprotectant and artificial dehydration method. Methods: Human blastocysts were vitrified after loading onto the plastic straw, open-pulled straw (OPS), electron microscopy grid (EM grid) for 1.5 min or 3 min. They also were directly plunged into LN2 within 30sec. For artificial shrinkage of blastocysts, 36 gauge fine needle was pushed at the cellular junction of the trophectoderm into the blstocoele cavity until it shrank without damage of inner cell mass. Results: The survival rate of vitrified blastocysts on plastic straw, OPS, EM grid as freezing vessels were 26.7, 13.0 and 60.5%, respectively. The survival rate of EM grid was significantly higher than that of plastic straw and OPS (p<0.05). For 1.5 min equilibrium, the survival rates of early blastocyst (EB), middle blastocyst (MB) and late blastocyst (LB) were 64.4, 81.0, and 20.0% respectively. For 3 min equilibrium, the survival rates of EB, MB, and LB were 69.9, 50.0 and 57.5% respectively. The survival rates of EB and MB were significantly higher than that of LB in 1.5 min equilibrium group (p<0.05), however, the significance was not observed in 3 min equilibrium groups. In cytoplasmic shrinkage before vitrification, the survival rates of EB, MB and LB were 92.9, 100 and 75.9% respectively. The survival rate of MB was significantly higher than that of LB (p<0.05). The survival rates of vitrified blastocysts by artificial dehydration and slow-frozen blastocysts were not significantly different as 88.9 and 66.7%, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the vitrification of human blastocysts using EM grid and artificial dehydration is an effective method. Therefore, these methods would be an useful techniques for blastocyst cryopreservation.

이산화탄소 산화제를 이용한 탄화수소의 촉매 탈수소화 기술

장종산,박민석,정성화,박상언 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.6

온실가스로 잘 알려진 이산화탄소의 배출을 줄이기 위한 집중적인 연구가 지난 10년간 진행되었다. 대부분의 연구는 탄소 공급원으로서의 이산화탄소를 다양한 환원제를 써서 촉매반응에 활용하는 것에 집중되었다. 특히 부가가치가 높은 화합물을 얻기 위한 촉매 반응에 있어 이산화탄소의 산소원자를 떼어내기 위해 수소가 사용되어왔는데, 이 수소화 촉매 공정이 상업화되지 못하는 원인은 기존의 수증기 개질 등의 공정에서 제조되는 수소의 비용이 수소화 반응을 거친 최종 생산물의 가격보다 비싸기 때문이다. 따라서 이에 대한 대안으로서 ‘온화한 산화제’ 그리고 산소 전달 물질로서 이산화탄소의 활용이 주목되고 있다. 이산화탄소로부터 기인한 표면 산소은 지방족 탄화수소 뿐만 아니라 방향족 탄화수소의 산화반응에 활성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 접근은 이산화탄소 활용 기술의 새로운 분야를 열 것으로 기대된다. 주목할 것은 최근 이산화탄소가 산화제로 작용하여 에틸벤젠 탈 수소화 반응에 적용될 때 촉매 활성화 함께 스티렌 선택성이 향상되는 것으로 알려졌다. 또한 공정에 사용되는 수증기를 이산화탄소로 대체할 경우 에너지 절감 및 열역학적 평형 전환율이 상승되는 이점을 얻을 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 탄화수소의 산화적인 전환을 위한 이산화탄소 산화제 활용에 대한 시도들에 대해 살펴보겠다. For the mitigation of global warming due to carbon dioxide, catalytic conversions of CO_(2) with hydrogen has been extensively studied for the last decade. Most of studies in this field have been concentrated on the utilization of carbon dioxide as a carbon source through catalytic reduction processes with various kinds of reductants. However, catalytic hydrogenation has confronted with some limitations to be commercialized because of the use of expensive hydrogen as a reductant. As an altermative way, the utilization of CO_(2) as a soft oxidant and an oxygen transfer agent is attracting considerable attention. The oxygen species have been proven to be active in the oxidative conversions of aromatic hydrocarbons as well as aliphatic hydrocarbons. This approach may be expected to open new technology for CO_(2) utilization. In particular, it was found that carbon dioxide plays a role as an oxidant to increase catalytic activity and selectivity to styrene in dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. In addition, the use of CO_(2) with replacement of steam gave beneficial advantages such as energy saving and increase in equilibrium conversion. In this short review, we attempt to integrate recent efforts on CO_(2) utilization as a soft oxidant for oxidative conversions of hydrocarbons.

정신질환자의 계속입원치료 심사에서 불승인에 미치는 요인

이산수,오소영,박민철 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2008 圓光醫科學 Vol.23 No.2

정신보건법에 의한 계속입원치료 심사청구는 해마다 증가하고 있다. 이에 계속입원치료 심사의 청구서에 기재되어 있는 항목들을 바탕으로 일 지역 정신보건심판위원회의 계속입원치료 불승인 현황과 그 불승인에 영향을 주는 요인에 대해 조사하였다. 2002년 1월부터 2006년 12월 까지 5년간 정선보건심판위원회에 요청된 계속입원치료 심사청구는 총 14,782 건이었다. 이 중 불승인은 1,832건으로 약 12.4%의 불승인율을 보였다. 각 요인별 불승인율을 보면, 시설은 정신병원 10.6%, 정신요양원 14.6%이었고, 의료보장 형태는 의료보험 10.5%, 의료보호 12.9%이었고 모두 유의하게 차이가 있었다. 진단에 따른 불승인율은 알코올 중독 27.9%, 기타 17.1%, 정신지체 16.4%, 기분장애 12.5%, 정신분열병 11.5%, 기질성 정신장애 8.6% 순이었으며 유의한 차이가 있었다. 계속입원치료 심사청구 횟수와 진단에 따른 불승인율을 보면 기분장애, 정신지체, 기타 환자들은 3회-6회 사이에서 불승인율이 높았다. 심사청구 횟수와 시설을 보면, 정신병원은 4회 이상에서 정신요양원은 6회 이상에서 불승인율이 높았다. 계속입원치료 심사에 가장 영향을 주는 요인은 시설, 심사청구 횟수, 진단이었으며 주로 정신병원 입원, 알코올중독, 의료보험, 자해 및 타해의 위험성이 낮고 지남력이 좋은 환자들에서 불승인이 되는 경우가 많았다. The number of applications for judgment of continuing hospitalization by the Mental Health Act is increasing every year. Thus, the present study surveyed the current state of continuing hospitalization disapproval by the Mental Health Judgment Board of an area, and factors affecting the disapproval based on items recorded in the application for the judgment of continuing hospitalization. During the 5 years' period from January 2002 to December 2006, there were a total of 14,782 applications for judgment of continuing hospitalization to the Mental Health Judgment Board. Among them, 1,832were disapproved, showing a disapproval rate of around 12.4%. As to disapproval rate related to each factor, according to facility, the disapproval rate was 10.6% for patients at mental hospitals and 14.6% for those at nursing homes for mental patients. According to medical security type, it was 10.5% for medical insurance patients and 12.9% for medical aid patients. These differences were all statistically significant. According to diagnosis, the disapproval rate was 27.9% for alcoholism, 17.1% for others, 16.4% for mental retardation, 12.5% for mood disorder, 11.5% for schizophrenia, and 8.6% for organic mental disorder, and the differences were statistically significant. According to the number of applications for judgment of continuing hospitalization and diagnosis, the disapproval rate was higher when the number of applications was 3~6 among patients with mood disorder, mental retardation, or others. According to the number of applications for review and facility, the disapproval rate was higher when number of applications was 4 or more among mental hospital patients, and when it was 6 or more among nursing home patients. The factors most influential on the judgment of continuing hospitalization were facility, the number of applications for review, and diagnosis, and the disapproval rate was high among mental hospital patients, alcoholics, those with medical insurance, and those with low risk of self-injury and injury by others and good orientation.

정신분열증 환자와 우울증 환자의 감별진단을 위한 성격평가질문지 타당성 연구

오상우,박민철,이산수 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2008 圓光醫科學 Vol.23 No.1

배경: 성격평가질문지(PAI)의 DEP, SCZ척도 그리고 직업 유무와 결혼상태 등의 변인을 사용하여 정신분열병 환자와 우울장애 환자를 가려낼 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 방법: 정신분열병 환자 85명, 우울장애 환자 85명을 대상으로 PAI의 DEP, SCZ척도 직업유무, 결혼상태를 예언변인으로 하고, 진단을 종속변인으로 하여 이항 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 하였다. 결과: PAI 척도의 DEP척도를 예언변인으로 한 첫 번째 모델을 분석한 결과 정신분열병 환자와 우울장애 환자를 가려낼 수 있는 예언치는 67.1%로 나타났다. 또한 PAI 척도의 DEP, SCZ 척도를 예언변인으로 한 두 번째 모델을 분석한 결과 두 장애를 가진 환자를 구분할 수 있는 예언치는 77.1%로 증가하였다. 마지막으로 PAI의 DEP, SCZ척도와 직업유무, 결혼상태를 예언변인으로 한 세 번째 모델을 분석하였을 때, 두 장애를 가진 환자를 가려낼 수 있는 예언치는 증가하였으나, 직업유무와 결혼상태가 예언변인으로 두 장애를 가진 환자를 가려내는데는 실패하였다. 결론: 정신분열병 환자와 우울장애 환자를 가려낼 수 있는 예언변인은 PAI의 DEP, SCZ 척도인 것으로 나타났다. Background: The present study was examined the validity of the personality assessment inventory for differential diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia and depression. Methods: Subjects were 85 patients with schizophrenia and depression each other. The depression scale and schizophrenia scale of the PAI, job and marital status in demographic variables were used as tools of assessment in the study. Materials were analysed statistically by t-test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The results were as follows, 1) One model, probability to be discriminated patients with schizophrenia and depression by using depression scale of the PAI was 67.1%. 2) Two model, probability to be discriminated patients with schizophrenia and depression by using depression scale and schizophrenia sacle of the PAI was 77.1%. 3) Three model, probability to be discriminated patients with schizophrenia and depression by using depression scale and schizophrenia scale of the PAI, job and married states in demographic variables was low. Conclusion: Predictive variables to be discriminated patients with schizophrenia and depression were depression scale and schizophrenia scale of the PAI.

혈소판 Cyclic Nucleotide, Inositol Trisphosphate 및 [Ca^(++)]_(i)의 응집반응성 변동에 대한 항우울성 약물의 영향

최상현,박석산,이민수,전보권,천연숙 고려대학교 의과대학 1992 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.29 No.3

The pharmacodynamic mechanisms of available antidepressant drugs have not yet clarified. Major depression is common and may more frequently occur for the first time in the eldery, and the incidence of thromboembolism is increased with advancing of age. And many studies have shown an usefulness of platelet as models of monoaminergic neurons. Therefore, this paper. deals with the anti-platelet activity of antidepressant drugs in view of the common action in platelet signal-transduction system of three antidepressants showing different modes of action. The IC_(50)s of amitriptyline alprazolam. and rolipram were 1.39×10^(-4), 2.63×10^(-4), and 8.11×10^(-4)M. respectively, and that of each of the reference drugs : sodium nitroprusside. chlorpromazine. and spermine were 1.26×10^(-6), 5.76×10^(-5) and 4.28 ×10^(-3)M. Rolipram and alprazolam produced the significant increase of platelet cGMP level with slight cAMP increase. showing their selectivity on typeⅡ cGMP-specific PDE. Spermine and antidepressants, particularly used in this study induced the marked increase of platelet IP_(3) level with the anti-platelet and [Ca^(++)]_(i),-decreasing activities. These findings suggest that the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs seems to be related with their enhancing property of the neuronal IP_(3)-mediated signalling. and that the paradoxical mode of their actions on platelet metabolisms of [Ca^(++)]_(i) and IP_(3) may be a clue of the uncovering of a new cellular [Ca^(++)]_(i)-regulating mode.

Layer-controlled thinning of black phosphorus by an Ar ion beam

Park, Jin Woo,Jang, Sung Kyu,Kang, Dong Ho,Kim, Doo San,Jeon, Min Hwan,Lee, Won Oh,Kim, Ki Seok,Lee, Sung Joo,Park, Jin-Hong,Kim, Kyong Nam,Yeom, Geun Young Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.5 No.41

<▼1><P>BP thinning was carried out using a monoenergetic Ar<SUP>+</SUP> ion beam and the BP could be thinned without damaging the surface.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the most interesting two-dimensional (2D) layered materials due to its unique properties, including a band gap energy change from 0.3 eV (bulk) to 2.0 eV (monolayer) depending on the number of BP layers, for application in nanoelectronic devices. In general, 2D layered materials including BP have limitations in terms of synthesis due to the process factors such as time, temperature, <I>etc.</I>, and thus, a thinning technique from the bulk material to a 2D material needs to be used while controlling the removed layer thickness. In this study, layer-controlled thinning of BP was performed by using a controlled Ar<SUP>+</SUP> ion beam method and the BP thinning characteristics were investigated. By using the near monoenergetic ion energy in the range of 45–48 eV, BP could be thinned with the thinning rate of ∼0.55 nm min<SUP>−1</SUP> down to bilayer BP without increasing the surface roughness and without changing the chemical binding states. The BP oxide on the pristine BP could also be successfully removed using the same Ar<SUP>+</SUP> ion beam. 2D BP field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated with the thinned bilayer–10-layer BPs exhibited electrical characteristics similar to those of pristine BP FETs suggesting no electrical damage on the BP layers thinned by the controlled monoenergetic Ar<SUP>+</SUP> ion beam.</P></▼2>

인간 포배기 배아의 초자화 동결에 관한 연구: II. 초자화 동결이 포배기 배아의 착상 및 임신에 미치는 영향

김수희,이상원,이주희,강상민,오희정,이승민,이성구,윤혜균,윤산현,박세필,송해범,임진호,Kim, Su-Hee,Lee, Sang-Won,Lee, Ju-Hee,Kang, Sang-Min,Oh, Hee-Jeong,Lee, Seoung-Min,Lee, Seong-Goo,Yoon, Hye-Gyun,Yoon, San-Hyun,Park, Se-Pill,Song, Hai- 대한생식의학회 2000 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.27 No.1

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitrification on the implantation and the pregnancy of human blastocysts. Method: The transfer of the frozen-thawed blastocysts by the slow freezing or vitrification was performed between January 1998 and July 1999. The zygotes derives from IVF were cocultured with cumulus cells in YS medium containing 20% hFF for 5days. Two or three of the best balstocysts produced on day 5 were transferred into the uterus, and then supernumerary blastocysts were randomly divided into two groups. One was frozen by slow freezing and the other was frozen by vitrification method. The slow freezing procedure was performed in two steps (5% glycerol and 9% glycerol + 0.2 M sucrose for 10 min, respectively) using programmed freezer ($-2^{\circ}C$/min to $-7^{\circ}C$, manual seeding at $-7^{\circ}C$, $-0.3^{\circ}C$/min to $-38^{\circ}C$ and plunged into $LN_{2}$). The blastocysts frozen by slow freezing were thawed at $36^{\circ}C$ then removed glycerol in 7 steps. The vitrification procedure was performed in three steps (10% glycerol for 5 min, 10% glycerol + 20% ethylene glycol for 5 min, 25% glycerol + 25% ethylene glycol and directly $LN_{2}$ within 1 min). The blastocysts frozen by vitrification were thawed at $20^{\circ}C$ water then removed cryoprotectant in 3 steps. In each group, thawed blastocysts were cocultured with cumulus cells in YS medium containing 20% hFF for 18h and transferred into the uterus. The implantation rate was evaluated per transferred blastocysts and the pregnancy rate was evaluated per transfers. Results: The survival rate of vitrified group (74.5%) was higher than slow freezing group (68.0%), but not significant. When 98 thawed blastocysts of vitrification were transferred in 40 cycles, 19 pregnancies (clinical pregnancy rate; 47.5%) were established. One miscarriage occurred in the eighth week of pregnancy (ongoing pregnancy rate; 45.0%). 7 pregnancies were ongoing, 11 pregnancies went to term, and 16 healthy infants were born. The Implantation rate was 31.6%. These results were higher than those obtained by the slow freezing (clinical pregnancy rate; 40.3%, ongoing pregnancy rate; 32.5% and implantation rate; 25.3%), but not significant. Conclusion: Vitrification is a simple, quick and economical method when compared to slow freezing. It will be chosen as a good method of human embryo freezing in IVF-ET programs.

Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics is indexed in Web of Science and Scopus, marking the start of a new era

Min Kyung-San 대한치과보존학회 2024 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.49 No.1

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