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PLASTIC DEFIRMATION AND FRACTURE OF SMALL CRYSTALS
Masao, Masao, Doyama 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.1 No.2
Body centered cubic whiskers having [100] and [110] axes were pulled by use of molecular dynamics using a super computer. The upper yield stress close to the theoretical strength was found. After the upper yield stress, phase transformation was observed at the same time the stress was greatly reduced. A new possible mechanism of twinning is proposed. The whiskers were pulled until they had broken into two pieces. Copper small crystals with and without a crack were sheared. It was observed that the edge dislocations were created at the surface and moved through and escaped from the crystals. Copper small single crystals with crack were pulled. A half dislocation was created near the tip of the crack Sharp yield stress was observed. In medium deformation disclocations on dofferent slip planes were created. Due to the cutting of dislocations the tensile stress increased.
Catalina Eddy as Revealed by the Historical Downscaling of Reanalysis
Masao Kanamitsu,Elena Yulaeva,Haiqin Li,홍성유 한국기상학회 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.49 No.4
Climatological properties, dynamical and thermodynamical characteristics of the Catalina Eddy are examined from the 61 years NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis downscaled to hourly 10 km resolution. The eddy is identified as a mesoscale cyclonic circulation confined to the Southern California Bight. Pattern correlation of wind direction against the canonical Catalina Eddy is used to extract cases from the downscaled analysis. Validation against published cases and various observations confirmed that the downscaled analysis accurately reproduces Catalina Eddy events. A composite analysis of the initiation phase of the eddy indicates that no apparent large-scale cyclonic/anti-cyclonic large-scale forcing is associated with the eddy formation or decay. The source of the vorticity is located at the coast of the Santa Barbara Channel. It is generated by the convergence of the wind system crossing over the San Rafael Mountains and the large-scale northwesterly flow associated with the subtropical high. This vorticity is advected towards the southeast by the northwesterly flow, which contributes to the formation of the streak of positive vorticity. At 6 hours prior to the mature stage, there is an explosive generation of positive vorticity along the coast, coincident with the phase change of the sea breeze circulation (wind turning from onshore to offshore), resulting in the convergence all along the California coast. The generation of vorticity due to convergence along the coast together with the advection of vorticity from the north resulted in the formation of southerly flow along the coast, forming the Catalina Eddy. The importance of diurnal variation and the lack of large-scale forcing are new findings, which are in sharp contrast to prior studies. These differences are due to the inclusion of many short-lived eddy events detected in our study which have not been included in other studies.