Paricalcitol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis in proximal tubular cells through the prostaglandin E₂ receptor EP4

( Yu Ah Hong ),( Keum Jin Yang ),( So Young Jung ),( Yoon Kyung Chang ),( Cheol Whee Park ),( Chul Woo Yang ),( Suk Young Kim ),( Hyeon Seok Hwang ) 대한신장학회 2017 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.36 No.2

Background: Vitamin D is considered to exert a protective effect on various renal diseases but its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether paricalcitol attenuates inflammation and apoptosis during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal proximal tubular cell injury through the prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) receptor EP4. Methods: Human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were pretreated with paricalcitol (2 ng/mL) for 1 hour and exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL). The effects of paricalcitol pretreatment in relation to an EP4 blockade using AH-23848 or EP4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were investigated. Results: The expression of cyclooxygenase-2, PGE₂, and EP4 were significantly increased in LPS-exposed HK-2 cells treated with paricalcitol compared with cells exposed to LPS only. Paricalcitol prevented cell death induced by LPS exposure, and the cotreatment of AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA offset these cell-protective effects. The phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were decreased and the phosphorylation of Akt was increased in LPS-exposed cells with paricalcitol treatment. AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA inhibited the suppressive effects of paricalcitol on p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activation of Akt. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells were attenuated by paricalcitol in LPS exposed HK-2 cells. The cotreatment with an EP4 antagonist abolished these anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Conclusion: EP4 plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects through Akt and NF-κB signaling after paricalcitol pretreatment in LPS-induced renal proximal tubule cell injury.

천경자의 여인상 연구

권경아(Kweon Kyung-ah) 한국근현대미술사학회 2016 한국근현대미술사학 Vol.31 No.-

Chun Kyung-ja is a painter who is well-known for her images of women in Korea’s modern art scene. She persistently produced images of women, and more than half of her works contain female images. In particular, images of women surrounded by flowers and butterflies can be considered Chun’s signature paintings. Chun’s images of women show a persistent identity, a sensitive exploration of women, and love for the objects she admired. In this research, I mainly focus on analyzing images of women, which are the most important aspect in her art. Based on changes in her life and drawing style Chun’s female images can be divided into three decades: 1960s, 1970s, and 1980 to the 1990s. Most of her female images are bust portraits, and the transitions between the periods can be seen clearly. Her women from the 1960s are glamorous and Westernized, far from Korean tradition. These images reflect a new, more independent look for women, which started to appear in that period in Korean society. By building relationships with other female painters, Chun also became more of an independent woman herself. In the 1970s, Chun devoted herself to close-ups of a single woman. Works from this period could be called as “The portrait of Chun” because they clearly reflect Chun’s appearance. Such reflection expresses female confidence and nobility in her works. In the late 1970s, Chun started to exalt women as the absolute being like pharaohs and empresses. According to Chun, her oddness and strong female images gave her comfort and rescued her from reality. Furthermore, she mentioned that this was the way of expressing her will to overcome the contradiction and exclusion of women in the Korean society of the time. In the 1980’s and 1990’s, Chun actively added unique subjects and mood to her works. Most of Chun’s female images from this period reflect her desire to escape this civilization. Moreover, because these images of women are as imposing as goddesses of the earth, they still show her subjective vision. The study of Chun’s female images will help to explain her art in a different way. Also, the women in the images reflect a society and a view of womanhood in each era. This study is important not only in terms of Chun’s art but also to identify mid-20th century Korean women’s life.

사상체질과 신체형태지수와의 연관성

박경아,김희진,허경석,안수경,이성호,이종은,이원택 대한췌담도연구회 2000 대한췌담도연구회지 Vol.5 No.4

동작관찰훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 인지기능 향상에 미치는 영향

이슬아(Seul-Ah Lee),강선화(Seon-Hwa Kang),최원호(Won-Ho Choi),이인경(In-Kyung Lee),정상미(Sang-Mi Jung) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2019 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.13 No.1

연구목적은 동작관찰훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 인지기능 향상에 영향을 미치는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법으로는 2018년 4월 23일부터 5월 18일까지 경인지역 병원에 입원 중인 재활환자 7명을 대상으로 MMSE-K와 LICA를 사용하여 평가를 진행하였고, 동작관찰프로그램으로는 상지 ROM 댄스, 풀 오버형 옷정리, 운동화 끈 묶기, 수건 개기, 양말 개기, 종이접기, 넥타이 매는 법 총 7가지 과제를 적용하였다. 통계프로그램으로는 SPSS version 20을 사용하였으며 기술통계, Wilcoxon signed ranks을 사용하여 값을 구하였다. 동작관찰훈련을 적용한 결과 MMSE-K 점수는 3.29±1.38의 변화량을 보여 p값 0.001로 유의한 값을 보였고, LICA 점수는 기억력에서 12.16±6.73으로 가장 유의한 값이 나왔다. 결론은 동작관찰훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 인지기능 영역 중 기억력에서 가장 많은 영향을 미쳤으며, 다른 영역에서도 점수 향상은 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 앞으로 동작관찰훈련이 많이 사용되어 추후에는 뇌손상 부위별로 어느 영역에서 효과가 있는지에 대한 후속 연구가 이루어지길 바란다. This study aims to identify whether the action-observation training impacts on the improvement of stroke patient’s cognitive functioning. When it comes to the research methods, Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) and Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment (LICA) conducted to assess samples between 23 April and 18 May 2018. Samples are seven patients who are hospitalized in Kyung-In region. In the meantime, seven tasks such as the range of joint motion (ROM) dance, arrangement of pullover clothes, lacing-ups of a pair, folding up a facecloth and socks, the origami and tying a necktie implemented as the action-observation programme. In order to analyse collected data, descriptive statistics analysis, paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were carried out via SPSS version 20 (a statistics programme). The change in value from MMSE-K showed its statistical significant as 3.29 (±1.38, p<.001) as well as value from LICA in recollective powers was 12.16 (±6.73), therefore, the statistic is said to be statistically significant. In conclusion, action-observation training most influenced recollective powers amongst stroke patient’s cognitive functioning areas. Even though development of cognitive functioning discovered in other areas, its values were possibly statistically insignificant. Hence, future research ought to demonstrate which areas action-observation training is effective according to brain lesion site.

스마트폰에 접속 가능한 소형 혈당 모듈

김경아, 이인광, 허아롱, 김경옥, 차은종 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2014 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.24 No.1

연구목적: 스마트폰에 접속하여 혈당을 측정할 수 있는 소형 혈당 모듈을 개발하여 그 유용성을 실험 적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 혈액이 전극에 주입되어 생성되는 전류가 전압의 형태로 변환되어 혈당값으로 변환되는 전기화학적 측정 원리를 적용하여 소형 혈당 모듈을 개발하였다. 혈당 모듈의 최소한의 측정 혈액 양은 0.5 μL이며, 5초 이내로 측정이 가능하도록 설계 및 제작하였다. 스마트폰과의 통신은 frequencyshift keying(FSK) 모뎀 방식을 적용하였다. 혈당 모듈의 정확도 실험을 위해 시판되는 혈당계와 인 공혈액으로 비교 실험을 수행하였다. 결과: 시판되는 제품과의 성능 비교 실험에서 시판 제품은 391 mg/dL를 나타내었으며, 소형 혈당 모 듈은 401 mg/dL를 나타내었다. 혈당 모듈의 크기는 50×30×7 mm로서 휴대의 편리성을 높였다. 결론: 스마트폰 기반의 소형 혈당 모듈을 개발하였으며, 기존 제품과의 혈당 측정 상대오차가 약 2.6%로서 정확한 혈당 측정이 가능함을 실험적으로 검증하였다.

주택내의 안전을 위한 주거학적 접근(Ⅰ) : 선행 연구 분석을 통한 연구 계획시의 방법론 Methodology for Research Plan through The Analysis of Previous Studies

이민아,신경주 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 1994 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.12

The purpose of this study was to provide data for the planning of housing safety. As the basic stage, the aspects for each studies(perspectives of Sociology, Consumer Science, Housing) on housing safety, the actual conditions and types of home accidents were examined. On the basis of this study, 1 would recommend as follows. (1) As method for research of home accidents, 1 would recommend that perform survey method and documentary research method at the same time. ② The Places of accidents would be able to classify into 9 spots Room, Living room, Kitchen, Yard(Garden), Bathroom, Roof, Entrance Hall and Main Gate, Stairs, Balcony. ③ Age of the sample would be able to classify into 6 stages : Infancy(age 0-5), Child-hood(age 6-12), Adolescence(age 13-19), Early Adulthood(age 20-35), Middle Adulthood (age 36-67), Old Age(age 61-). ④ The types of accidents would be able to classify into 9 kinds : Slip(included fall over), Fall, Falling Body, Collision, Stab, Bite, Poisoning, Foreign Body, Burn.

올리고당 첨가 증편 발효 중 Dextran 형성과 증편의 내부구조에 관한 연구

이은아,우경자 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.1

This study was carried out in order to investigate dextran formation and internal structure during fermentation of the oligosaccharide Jeung-Pyun. The dextran and sugar reducing contents of Jeung-Pyun batter and the specific volume and the internal structure of Jeung-Pyun were analyzed as a function of fermentation time. The specific volume of Jeung-Pyun peaked at the 7th hour of fermentation. The dextran content of Jeung-Pyun batters peaked at the 7~13th hour of fermentation, and Fructooligosaccharide Jeung-Pyun had the least peak value. Reducing sugar content of Jeung-Pyun batters slowly decreased as fermentation progressed. From the air pore size and distribution of Jeung-Pyun observed by SEM, the sucrose Jeung-Pyun fermented for 3~7 hours and oligosaccharide one fermented for 7 hours were judged as the best. It was concluded that dextran may be formed by fermentation of oligosaccharides as well as sucrose and dextran has a significant role on the volume expansion of Jeung-Pyun.

자아정체감 검사의 타당화에 관한 조사연구

박아청,이경혜 한국교육학회 대구·경북지회 1997 교육학논총 Vol.16 No.-

This study investigated the validity of the ego-identity scales including Korean versions of ego-identity scale composed 64 self-report items, which was developed for measuring identity tendency encompassing personal,social, occupational and occupational aspects. The Korean versions of ego-identity scale was administered with 4 kinds of identity scales, which were translated by many researchers, to 2,580 middle school students, high school students and college students. Results indicated that the Korean versions of ego-identity scales has sufficient reliablity and validity. Item-total correlations, inter-item correlations, and all correlations and partial regression coefficient between the identity sub-scales measures were respectably high and significant. The usefulness of the Korean version of ego-identity scale, limitations, and implications for future study were discussed.

비즈니스서비스업 기업규모에 따른 집적경제의 영향

김경아 호남대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2006 인문사회과학연구 Vol.14 No.-

상거래 주체간 신뢰성을 제공하는 CORBA 기반 보안 서비스

장경아,유정채,이용진 高麗大學校附設 컴퓨터科學技術硏究所 1999 JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING TECHNOLO Vol.1 No.-

대단위 분산 환경에서 전자상거래를 활성화하기 위해 필수적으로 참여자 인증 서비스가 제공되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 OMG에서 제시한 CORBA 보안 명세를 기반으로 개방형 분산 환경에 대한 보안 서비스를 전자상거래에 적용하여 원격 상거래 주체 사이의 상호 인증 구조로 제안한다. 상거래 참여자들에 대한 객체 단위 주체 인증 기법과 인증 키 교환 기법으로 공급자와 수요자, 관련 응용 서비스들 사이의 상호 신뢰성을 제공하도록 한다. 이 기법으로 상대 거래 주체의 신원 확인 뿐 아니라 거래 진행 중 취득한 정보의 근원을 파악할 수 있도록 하였으며 OMG에서 제시한 도메인 접근 정책을 통합하여 보안 수준을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 또한 CORBA 미들웨어에 기반하여 수행되므로 기술적 중립성을 바탕으로 대규모 개방형 분산 시스템 확장에 유리할 것이다. Most of all there must be provided entity authentication for activation of electronic commerce in large scale distributed computing system. In this paper, we propose the mutual authentication scheme for Electronic Commerce entity based on CORBA security service specification that OMG defined. And this scheme is provided authentication of object-oriented commerce entity and authenticated key exchange. These techniques provide the identity of a commerce partner entity, but also have confidence that data associated to commerce flows originates with this partner. Additionally, as the used CORBA Security Service Specification provides domain access control policy, it is more efficiently applicable to a mutual authentication. Therefore, as the CORBA application has provided the technology of neutral, it is useful for the distributed system to scalable.