The function, mechanisms, and clinical applications of metformin: potential drug, unlimited potentials

Jianhong Liu,Ming Zhang,Dan Deng,Xiao Zhu 대한약학회 2023 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.46 No.5

Metformin has been used clinically for more than 60 years. As time goes by, more and more miraculous effects of metformin beyond the clinic have been discovered and discussed. In addition to the clinically approved hypoglycemic effect, it also has a positive metabolic regulation effect on the human body that cannot be ignored. Such as anti-cancer, anti-aging, brain repair, cardiovascular protection, gastrointestinal regulation, hair growth and inhibition of thyroid nodules, and other nonclinical effects. Metformin affects almost the entire body in the situation taking it over a long period, and the preventive effects of metformin in addition to treating diabetes are also beginning to be recommended in some guidelines. This review is mainly composed of four parts: the development history of metformin, the progress of clinical efficacy, the nonclinical efficacy of metformin, and the consideration and prospect of its application.

Study on Resistance Monitoring, Resistance Selection and Biochemical Characterization of Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella)

Jianhong Li,Feng Zhao,Mo Wang,Fuxing Zhu 한국응용곤충학회 2005 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.05

China’s Politics and Bilateral Trade Linkages

Jianhong Zhang,Arjen van Witteloostuijn,J. Paul Elhorst 서울대학교행정대학원 2011 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.19 No.1

China’s position in the world economy during the past half-century provides vitalinformation for investigating the relation between politics and trade. Although there is asubstantial number of studies in this area, the current study extends the literature in atleast three ways: (1) it is one of the first studies that investigates the problem of apotential sample selection bias*as a result of the fact that countries taken up in theanalysis are not randomly sampled from all countries in the world; (2) it considers thirdcountryeffects that follow from the fact that China’s relation with any two countries isaffected by the relation between these countries themselves; and (3) it tests the impact offive political arrangements simultaneously, which is more comprehensive than anyformer study. By using data as to 78 of China’s trade partners over the 19502002period, this study provides empirical evidence for the hypotheses that the establishment ofdiplomatic relations, cooperation, visits of heads of states and political system similarityare associated with greater trade flows. The hypothesis that member countries of aPreferential Trading Agreement have had smaller trade flows with China, which is nomember of any of these Preferential Trading Agreements, is not supported by the results.

The Hepatotoxicity and Testicular Toxicity Induced by Arecoline in Mice and Protective Effects of Vitamins C and E

Jianhong Zhou,Jie Zhang,Qi Sun,Zhirong Yang 대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.2

Arecoline is a major alkaloid of areca nuts which are widely chewed by southeast Asian and itmanifests various toxic effects in different organs of human and animals. In this work, mature micewere treated by vitamins C plus E, arecoline, or both daily for four weeks. The results showed thatarecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetatetransaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased thelevels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) andcatalase (CAT) in the liver tissues. Additionally, the body weight, testis weight, sperm counts, motilityand normal sperms also were significantly decreased. The supplement of vitamins C and E can bringthe activities of ALP and GPT to normal levels and partially restore the sperm counts compared tothe arecoline-treated group but have no other positive effects. In conclusion, the vitamins C and Epartially attenuated the arecoline-induced hepatotoxiciy but basically had on protective effects againstthe arecoline-induced testicular toxicity.

Chinese EFL Learners’ Perception of English Resultative Constructions

Jianhong Ning,강승만 한국중원언어학회 2023 언어학연구 Vol.- No.67

This paper delves into some syntactic and semantic properties of English and Chinese resultative constructions and examines how Chinese EFL learners perceive English RCs via a survey among 32 Chinese college students. The subjects were asked to identify whether 14 RCs of seven different types are grammatical and translate them into Chinese. The findings of the survey reveal that they have difficulties in comprehending English RCs due to cross-linguistic differences between the two languages in terms of the resultative phrase, word order, direct object restriction, dynamic restriction, and animate instigator constraint. These differences are reflected on the seven RC types, which exhibit different accuracy rates in their highest order as follows: selected transitive RCs with AP (STRC-AP, 100%), unselected transitive RCs with PP (UTRC-PP, 100%), intransitive RCs with PP (IRC-PP, 100%), selected transitive RCs with AP (STRC-AP, 75%), unselected transitive RCs with AP (UTRC-AP, 68.75), fake reflexive RCs with AP (FRRC-AP, 45.3%), and intransitive RCs with AP (IRC-AP, 31.5%). We argue that the subjects’ errors in their grammatical judgment are triggered by their L1 transfer into their target language.

A Programmable Transmit ASIC for Ultrasound System

Jianhong Yu,Yvonne Lam,Lian Soon Ng 대한전자공학회 2005 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2005 No.3

Investigation of indole-3-carboxylic acid as steel inhibitor in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution

Jianhong Tan,Lei Guo,Shenying Xu 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.25 No.-

Corrosion inhibition of indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA) on mild steel in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution has been studied through weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) experiments. Plots from polarization and EIS techniques show ICA acts as a mixed type inhibitor and its high inhibition effectiveness is assumed to occur via the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on steel surface. It is then found that this adsorption behavior obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Theoretical techniques incorporating molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics were used to simulate the adsorption of ICA molecule on Fe(1 1 0) surface.

Improving the Carbon Macrosegregation in High-Carbon Steel by an Electric Current Pulse

Jianhong Ma,Jie Li,Yulai Gao,Lixing Jia,Zheng Li,Qijie Zhai 대한금속·재료학회 2009 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.15 No.4

Thus far, the relationship between the macrosegregation and refinement of solidification structures in metals is not clearly understood. In this paper, the effect of an electric current pulse (ECP) on the refinement of the solidification structure as well as carbon macrosegregation in high-carbon steel was investigated. The experimental results revealed that if central porosity exists in the solidification structure, the carbon macrosegregation in high-carbon steel cannot be improved by applying an ECP, although increased equiaxed dendrites and a reduced primary dendritic arm in a solidification structure were obtained after an ingot was exposed to an ECP. In contrast, after central porosity was eliminated, carbon macrosegregation was improved through the refinement of the solidification structure in high-carbon steel through the use of an ECP. Thus far, the relationship between the macrosegregation and refinement of solidification structures in metals is not clearly understood. In this paper, the effect of an electric current pulse (ECP) on the refinement of the solidification structure as well as carbon macrosegregation in high-carbon steel was investigated. The experimental results revealed that if central porosity exists in the solidification structure, the carbon macrosegregation in high-carbon steel cannot be improved by applying an ECP, although increased equiaxed dendrites and a reduced primary dendritic arm in a solidification structure were obtained after an ingot was exposed to an ECP. In contrast, after central porosity was eliminated, carbon macrosegregation was improved through the refinement of the solidification structure in high-carbon steel through the use of an ECP.

Effects of Dietary Coconut Oil as a Medium-chain Fatty Acid Source on Performance, Carcass Composition and Serum Lipids in Male Broilers

Jianhong Wang,Xiaoxiao Wang,Juntao Li,Yiqiang Chen,Wenjun Yang,Liying Zhang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary coconut oil as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) source on performance, carcass composition and serum lipids in male broilers. A total of 540, one-day-old, male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with each treatment being applied to 6 replicates of 18 chicks. The basal diet (i.e., R0) was based on corn and soybean meal and was supplemented with 1.5% soybean oil during the starter phase (d 0 to 21) and 3.0% soybean oil during the grower phase (d 22 to 42). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the soybean oil with coconut oil (i.e., R25, R50, R75, and R100). Soybean oil and coconut oil were used as sources of long-chain fatty acid and MCFA, respectively. The feeding trial showed that dietary coconut oil had no effect on weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. On d 42, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were linearly decreased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase activities were linearly increased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Abdominal fat weight/eviscerated weight (p = 0.05), intermuscular fat width (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat thickness (p<0.01) showed a significant quadratic relationship, with the lowest value at R75. These results indicated that replacement of 75% of the soybean oil in diets with coconut oil is the optimum level to reduce fat deposition and favorably affect lipid profiles without impairing performance in broilers.

Study on Mg^(2+) removal from ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution by solvent extraction with di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid

JianHong Luo,Jun Li,Kun Zhou,Yang Jin 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.4

The extraction of Mg^(2+) from ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (MAP) solution by extractant (D2EHPA)and its mixture, including acidic extractant (HEHPEHE), alkaline extractant (TOA) and neutral extractant (TBP) respectively,is investigated. The good extraction selectivity of Mg^(2+) with D2EHPA from ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution is verified, which is found to be associated with the cation exchange and chelation capability of D2EHPA on the basis of its molecular structure. The related thermodynamic data are also obtained in terms of experimental results as follows: the extraction enthalpy is 2.659×10^(−2) (J·mol^(−1)·K^(−1)), the free energy is 1.501×10^3 (J·mol^(−1)) and the entropy is 4.441 (J·mol^(−1)). Meanwhile, the major influencing factors, such as the initial pH, the initial concentration of extractant,phase ratio and the extraction temperature on the extraction ratios of Mg^(2+), are studied, and the optimal process conditions are obtained. As shown in the extraction experiments for practical MAP solution, superior grade MAP can be obtained by three levels of extraction under optimal condition.