Photoconductivity of C₆₀ as an Origin of Bias‐Dependent Photocurrent in Organic Photovoltaics

Jeong, Won‐,Ik,Lee, Yang Eun,Shim, Hyun‐,Sub,Kim, Tae‐,Min,Kim, Sei‐,Yong,Kim, Jang‐,Joo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced functional materials Vol.22 No.14

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The bulk‐ionized photoconductivity of C<SUB>60</SUB> is reported as an origin of the bias‐dependent linear change of the photocurrent in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C<SUB>60</SUB> planar heterojunction solar cells, based on the observation of the variation of the bias‐dependent photocurrent on excitation wavelengths and the thickness‐dependent photocurrent of the C<SUB>60</SUB> layer. A theoretical model, which is a combination of the Braun‐Onsager model for the dissociation of excitons at the donor/acceptor interface and the Onsager model for the bulk ionization of excitons in the C<SUB>60</SUB> layer, describes the bias‐dependent photocurrent in the devices very well. The bulk‐ionized photoconductivity of C<SUB>60</SUB> must generally contribute to the photocurrent in organic photovoltaics, since fullerene and fullerene derivatives are widely used in these devices.</P>

경상남도 함양 지역어의 공시 형태론 - 조사와 어미의 기저형 설정을 중심으로 -

김정원 ( Kim¸ Jeong-won ) 반교어문학회 2021 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.- No.58

본 연구는 경상남도 함양 지역어의 조사와 어미의 기저형을 설정하는 데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 현지 조사한 자료와 기발표된 방언 자료 등에서 가능한 한 많은 표면형을 모으고 이를 분석해 조사와 어미의 기저형에 대해 논의하였다. 경상남도와 전라북도의 전이 지역에 속하는 함양 지역어의 언어 사실을 면밀히 기술하였다는 점과 함께 공시적 음운 현상에 대한 논의, 방언 구획, 방언 분화 등 후속 논의의 기초를 마련하였다는 데에서 이 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 2장에서는 함양 지역어의 음운 목록에 대해 살펴보았다. 함양 지역어에 음소로는 20개의 자음(ㅂ,ㅃ,ㅍ,ㄷ,ㄸ,ㅌ,ㅅ,ㅆ,ㅈ,ㅉ,ㅊ,ㄱ,ㄲ,ㅋ,ㅁ,ㄴ,ㄹ,ㅇ,ㆆ,ㅎ)과 8개의 모음(ㅣ,ㅔ,ㅐ,ㅡ,ㅓ,ㅏ,ㅜ,ㅗ), 2개의 반모음(j,w)이 존재하며 운소로는 성조와 음장이 존재한다. 3장에서는 조사의 기저형, 4장에서는 어미의 기저형에 대해 논의하였다. 함양 지역어의 조사와 어미는 단일 기저형을 갖는 것과 복수 기저형을 갖는 것이 존재하므로 본고에서도 이들을 나누어 기술하였다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying forms of particles and endings in Hamyang dialect, Gyeongsangnam-do. In order to achieve the goal, it had collected surface forms as numerous as possible from the on-site surveys and the precedent studies, and scrutinized them to find for their underlying forms. The result is meaningful as (1) it tried to describe the actual linguistic state of a regional dialect ―Hamyang dialect, which belongs to transition zones― by setting up the underlying forms of its particles and endings, (2) it laid the groundwork for follow-up studies, such as its synchronic phonological phenomena, dialect division, and dialect differentiation. As a result, it is discovered that Hamyang dialect consists of 20 consonants (ㅂ,ㅃ,ㅍ,ㄷ,ㄸ,ㅌ,ㅅ,ㅆ,ㅈ,ㅉ,ㅊ,ㄱ,ㄲ,ㅋ,ㅁ,ㄴ,ㄹ,ㅇ,ㆆ,ㅎ), 8 vowels(ㅣ,ㅔ,ㅐ,ㅡ,ㅓ,ㅏ,ㅜ,ㅗ), and 2 semivowels(j, w), along with tones and lengths as the suprasegments. Now that both of single and plural underlying forms are found in the dialect, this paper had accepted and applied this to the description.

예비 교사와 현직 교사의 영어 교수·학습에 대한 신념

이정원 ( Lee¸ Jeong-won ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2021 현대영어영문학 Vol.65 No.1

The purpose of the current study is to investigate preservice teachers’ and in-service teachers’ beliefs about English teaching and learning in terms of an ideal teaching situation and a preferred lesson plan. For the study 50 preservice teachers and 38 in-service teachers were asked to write freely their thought about an ideal English teaching and learning situation and choose their preferred lesson plan among three. The data were submitted to statistical analyses and content analysis. The overall findings were that the preservice teachers’ belief in English teaching and learning was significantly different from that of the in-service teachers, and that the preservice teachers lacked in academic knowledge related to English education and on-sight practical teaching experiences when compared with their counterparts. The teacher education researchers and practitioners are required to take into account how to construct preservice teachers’ desirable belief in how to teach English effectively based on the findings of the current study. (Chungnam National University)

Linguistic Differences in EFL Learners’ Direct and Translated Writing in Two Genres

( Lee¸ Jeong-won ) 한국현대언어학회 2021 언어연구 Vol.37 No.1

The current study investigated the effects of two writing genres (narrative and argumentative) and two writing task types (direct and translated) on L2 learners’ writing performance in terms of lexical and syntactic complexity. A total of 46 college freshmen were asked to write four articles, one in each genre and one in each writing task type in a counterbalanced way. The findings are as follows: 1) the genre effect was found significant both in lexical and syntactic complexity measures, irrespective of writing task type, that argumentative texts displayed greater lexical and syntactic complexity than narratives; and 2) the role of L1 use in L2 writing (writing task type) was significantly evident in syntactic complexity measures, especially in narratives, but not in lexical complexity measures except for one measure of lexical diversity. The theoretical and pedagogical significance of the findings is discussed. (Chungnam National University)

전등신화와 금오신화의 여주인공 연구

이정원 ( Lee¸ Jeong-won ) 우리어문학회 2021 우리어문연구 Vol.71 No.-

이 논문은 여주인공이라는 소설 형식이 『전등신화』와 『금오신화』에서 어떻게 존재하는지를 탐색하였다. 이는 『금오신화』의 독자성을 미학적 차원에서 이해하기 위함이었다. 『전등신화』와 『금오신화』에서 여주인공은 애정 욕망의 주체로서 형식화된다. 애정 욕망의 주체로서 여주인공은 성의 쾌락과 애정 심리를 결혼이라는 제도에 안착시키려 한다. 즉 애정 욕망의 주체로서 여주인공은 규범적 존재이다. 이는 두 작품이 모두 지식인 남성의 서사인 전기소설의 전통을 따르는 것과 관련 있다. 두 작품의 여주인공은 모두 전기소설의 전통에서 유래하지만 그 미학적 가치는 같지 않다. 『전등신화』에서 여주인공 형식은 전기소설의 전통을 추수함으로써 등장했다. 이는 지식인 남성의 지배적인 세계관을 따르고 있기에, 인간과 애정에 대해 지식인 남성의 세계관을 넘어서는 새로운 체험을 유발하는 데에 제한적이다. 이런 점에서 『전등신화』에서 여주인공이라는 소설 형식은 상투적이다. 이에 비하여 『금오신화』에서 여주인공 형식은 전기소설의 전통에 균열을 낸다. 『금오신화』에서 여주인공의 애정은 특별한 계기를 수반한다. 이런 형상화는 『금오신화』에서 여주인공 형식이 인간성에 대한 새로운 이해에서 비롯되고 있음을 드러낸다. 여주인공이 드러내는 폐쇄성은 애정과 인간성에 대해 전기소설의 전통에 없었던 미적 체험을 유발한다. 이처럼 『금오신화』의 여주인공은 형식의 기원이나 세계관, 그리고 미적 체험 등에서 전기소설 전통과 긴장 관계를 형성한다. 『전등신화』에서 여주인공 형식이 표현하는 인간 이해는 낙관성에 집약된다. 『전등신화』에서 여주인공은 애정을 추구하지만 여기에서 사적인 구별은 인정되지 않는다. 이러한 도식성은 여주인공이라는 형식에 지식인 남성의 인간 이해가 투영되어 있음을 보여준다. 그리하여 여주인공은 애정 결연에 드리운 의무와 의리에 성실한 존재로 제시된다. 그녀는 어떤 고난도 외면하지 않고 그에 따른 보상에도 만족한다. 애정 욕망의 주체로서 여주인공을 향한 낙관성은 『전등신화』에서 여주인공이라는 형식이 애정과 인간에 대한 계층적 이해를 표현하고 있음을 보여준다. 『금오신화』에서 여주인공 형식이 표현하는 인간 이해는 성찰성에 집약된다. 애정 욕망을 추구하는 과정에서 『금오신화』는 여주인공의 고통과 남주인공의 자괴감을 모두 제시한다. 『금오신화』의 여주인공은 갈등 끝에 고통을 받아들인다. 인간 본성에 대한 탐구와 상상은 남주인공에게도 미친다. 여주인공이 고통을 직시하고 갈등한다면, 남주인공은 아예 도망하여 죄책감에 시달리고 이를 부끄러워한다. 남녀 주인공은 지식인 남성의 계층적 편견에 따라 도식적으로 제시되지 않는다. 고통을 통하여 환기되는 것은 가부장제의 당위나 인간성에 대한 이기적인 낙관이 아니라 인간의 본성과 존엄이다. 이처럼 『금오신화』에서 여주인공 형식은 인간성에 대한 성찰을 표현한다. 『금오신화』는 분명 『전등신화』의 영향을 받은 작품이다. 그러나 『금오신화』는 전기소설의 문학적 관습으로 수렴되지 않는 여주인공이 등장한다. 이 형식은 인간성에 대하여 지식인 남성의 세계관을 벗어나는 이해와 태도를 표현한다. I explored how the novel form of the female protagonist exists in Jeondeungsinhwa(剪燈新話) and Geumosinhwa(金鰲新話). This was to understand the identity of Geumosinhwa in terms of novel form and aesthetic experience. In Jeondeungsinhwa and Geumosinhwa, the female protagonist is formalized as the subject of affection desire. If the novel form is the object of aesthetic experience in the process of accepting the novel text, the subject of affection desire is the substance of that form. In Jeondeungsinhwa and Geumosinhwa, as the subject of affection desire, the female protagonist tries to settle the pleasure of sex and the psychology of affection as an institution of marriage. In both works, the female protagonist as the subject of affection desire is a normative being. This may be because both works follow the tradition of Jeongi novels(傳奇小說) which is the narratives of intellectual men. In both works, the female protagonist is formalized as the subject of affection desire, but the actual appearance and the aesthetic experience are not the same. The moment is not particularly important for the female protagonist to love men, as Jeondeungsinhwa reflects the male intellectual’s self-centered view of affection. From this point of view, it can be seen that the novel form of the female protagonist in Jeondeungsinhwa is cliched. The cliche found in the formalization of the female protagonist as the subject of affection desire has three meanings. The origin of form lies in the custom of Jeongi novels, that form follows the dominant worldview, and that form does not imply a new aesthetic experience. If the formalization of the female protagonist is cliched in Jeondeungsinhwa, the formalization of the female protagonist in Geumosinhwa shows a crack in such cliche. This has three meanings. It is that the form originates from the work itself, that the existing worldview's intervention on the form is limited, and that the form escapes the conventional and ideological perception of affection or affectionate relationship. In the process of the female protagonist pursuing the desire for affection, the uniqueness of the Geumosinhwa is in the end to newly present the subjectivity of the female protagonist and the male protagonist. Under the influence of patriarchy, the Jeondeungsinhwa presents a woman who voluntarily accepts not only the pleasures of affection desires, but also painful obligations, and a man who passively enjoys only pleasures, but stands out of duty. Contrary to this, Geumosinhwa presents a woman who faces pain and has a conflict and a man who runs away from pain and feels self-defeating. As for the relationship between affection desire and the subject, in Jeondeungsinhwa which has some variations, intellectual men’s clichcd world perception is visioble. But in Geumosinhwa, there is a reflection that goes beyond such cliches. I think this aspect is the originality of Geumosinhwa and the aesthetic uniqueness.

POWER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR THE 48 V MILD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASED ON THE CHARGE-SUSTAINING CONTROL

Jeongwon Sohn,선우명호,Kyunghan Min,Jaewook Shin,한만배 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.1

To enhance the 48 V mild hybrid electric vehicle performance using a smaller capacity and lower voltage battery than the full hybrid electric vehicle, a novel power management strategy needs to be established that considers the characteristics and limitations of the components. This paper proposes a charge-sustaining control strategy as a ground principle of the 48 V hybrid electric vehicle control for managing the battery state-of-charge (SOC) to stay near the most efficient regime. The base efficiency characteristics of the component models including engine, motor/generator, and battery are determined in the form of efficiency maps using the powertrain analysis tool. Then the control strategy is formulated as a nonlinear optimal regulation problem that meets two conflicting control objectives, such as fuel efficiency improvement and state-of-charge maintenance. The optimal regulation problem implements a discrete-time Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman approach. The proposed strategy is evaluated by comparing with the reference strategy applying the Dynamic Programming (DP), i.e. a global optimal result, under urban dynamometer driving schedule and worldwide harmonized light duty test cycle. Through the evaluation, the fuel efficiency of the proposed strategy with three different electrical loads is slightly deteriorated at most by 5.03 % from the DP results with staying within a desirable SOC. This suggests that the proposed strategy is operating very closely to global optimal performances.

Alternator Torque Model Based on Equivalent Circuit of Synchronous Generator for Electric Power Management

Jeongwon Sohn,Seungwoo Hong,Myoungho Sunwoo IEEE 2013 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.62 No.8

<P>This paper presents an alternator model suitable for electric power management research. The proposed model estimates the alternator driving torque under various driving conditions, such as engine speed, output current, and generation voltage. The base equations of the proposed model are derived from the equivalent circuit and the phasor diagram of the field-wound-type synchronous generator. Model parameters that affect power conversion efficiency were defined and identified through open and short load tests on a bench. Validation tests were also performed to evaluate model accuracy under several representative driving conditions. Through a case study, we show that the proposed model is the effective way to research power management.</P>

VnP-16 ameliorates ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS) via reciprocal regulation of TH17/ Treg balance

JeongWon Choi,Hong-Ki Min,Kunhee Lee,Jooyeon Jung,Hyun Sik Na,Mi-La Cho,Sung-Hwan Park 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is systemic inflammatory arthritis which is mainly mediated by interleukin (IL)-17. Vitronectin-derived bioactive peptide, VnP-16, has shown anti-osteoporotic effects via β1 integrin and αvβ3 integrin signal. SpA also has increased risk of osteoporosis, and we aimed to investigate preventive effects of VnP-16 in curdlan-induced SpA mice. The SpA mice model was induced by curdlan in SKG ZAP-70W163C mice. Treatment with vehicle, celecoxib, VnP-16, or VnP-16 with celecoxib was performed to SpA mice. Clinical score, arthritis score, spondylitis scores, and proinflammatory cytokine expression of spine via immunohistochemical stain were evaluated. Type 17 helper T cell (Th17) and regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation in spleen were measure by flow cytometry, and confocal stain in spine. Clinical score was significantly suppressed in VnP16 + celecoxib group. Arthritis and spondylitis scores of histology were significantly decreased in VnP- 16 and VnP16 + celecoxib groups than vehicle group. In immunohistochemical analysis of spinal cartilage, all four inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17) expression were diminished in VnP-16 only and VnP-16 + celecoxib groups. Confocal stain of spine demonstrated Treg cells upregulation with Th17 cells down-regulation. Flow cytometry analysis of splenocytes showed increased polarization of Treg in VnP-16 + celecoxib group. Combination of VnP-16 with celecoxib showed preventive effect on SpA progression in mice model. These were accompanied by regulation of Th17/Treg imbalance and suppression of inflammatory cytokines. VnP-16 may have additive beneficial effects over single use of celecoxib on SpA. This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number HI20C1496)

A Study on the Possibility of Applying National Competency Standards for Software Education

Jeongwon Lee,Choong Ho Lee ASCONS 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING MULTIDISCIPLINAR Vol.3 No.2

Changes in the education system in Korea are one of the most sensitive policy elements that affect the people at large and the nation as a whole, and are a very important task that can aggravate national turmoil and create new challenges for the future. Is one of. Presenting the necessity of reforming information education centering on software education, the source of national competitiveness for fostering creative talents who will lead students' dreams and meals and lead the era of happiness education and creative economy through ‘Primary and Secondary Software Education Promotion Plan’ Was intended. Due to individual differences between learning ability in the field of education and vocational ability in the field, in the field, there is a considerable amount of retraining costs for new job candidates to meet the on-site job. In order to prepare educational indicators of knowledge, skills, and attitudes leading to competency, a mid-to-long-term standard development plan has been established between the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Employment and Labor from 2010 to 2014.

Associations Between Organophosphate Pesticide Exposures and Telomere Length

Jeongwon Ock(옥정원),Junghoon Kim(김정훈),Yoon-Hyeong Choi(최윤형) 환경독성보건학회 2018 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2018 No.6