동진강 수계 농업용수 수질평가

한수곤,최정식,문영훈,엄미정,김갑철 한국환경농학회 2000 한국환경농학회지 Vol.19 No.2

동진강 수계의 수질현황을 파악하기 1994∼1998년 까지 4∼9월에 월 1회에 걸쳐 5개년간 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 월별로는 빗물에 의한 희석효과로 7, 8월에 수질이 가장 양호하였으며, 4월이 다소 불량하였으나 수도생육 피해 한계농도에는 미치지 못하는 수준이었다. 지점별 수질현황은 생활하수 유입지인 정읍천과 지천의 폭이 좁은 원평천의 무기성분 함량이 높았으며 동진천 상류지역에서 가장 양호하였다. 연도별 현황은 '94년 이후 '95년까지는 수질이 악화되는 경향을 보였으나 '95년 이후로는 각 성분 함량이 낮았지는 등 점점 양호해지고 있으며 COD함량으로 볼 때 특히, 정읍천의 수질이 개선되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 양이온과 음이온의 총당량온 4월에 가장 높았고 7, 8월에 가장 낮았으며 양이온/음이온의 당량비는 5월에 높았고 7월이 가장 낮았으며 지점에 따라서는 총당량은 정읍천, 원평천, 동진천 하류, 중류, 상류의 순위였으며 양이온/음이온 총당량 비율은 원평천이 상대적으로 작은 수치를 보였지만 지역간 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 수질 중 각 성분 상호간의 상관관계를 보면, 대개의 성분 상호간에 유의성이 높게 나타났으나, NO₄^--N는 대개의 성분과 유의성이 없었고, PO₄^(3-)-P도 COD, NH₄^+-N, NO₃^--N, SO₄^(2-)과는 유의성을 보이지 않았다. This study was conducted to monitor the irrigation water qualities along Dong-Jin river watershed. The water quality was surveyed at 6 sites from April to september during 1994∼1998. And the results were as follows : In July and August, water quality was better than that of any other months due to dilution with rainwater. Whereas, it became worse in April but it involved lower contents than limitted contents affected to the crop damage. Content of inorganic components was higher at Jeong-up and Won-pyeong stream. The reason for it that Jeong-up stream was deteriorated with sewage water from Jeong-up city, and Won-pyeong stream has narrow width. Water quality in upstream of Dong-Jin river, was evaluated best conditions in all sampling sites. For investigated period, water quality got worse from 1994 to 1995 but it was getting better to 1998 after 1995, especially at Jeong-up stream. The total equivalent of cation and anion was the highest at April through all months and at Jeong-up stream in sampling sites. Equivalent ratio of cation to anions(∑C/∑A) was higher at May than any other months and lower at Won-pyeong streams than any other sites. The value of most inorganic components was highly correlated with those of other components. But the value of NO₃^--N was not correlated with that of most components, and PO₄^(3-)-P was not correlated with COD, NH₄^+-N, NO₃^--N, SO₄^(2-_.

크세논 램프에 노출된 복합레진의 색조변화

조영곤,서정일,김수미,정진호,이영곤 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.3

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color changes of the composite resin resulting from xenon lamp exposure in different environments. Composite resin (Z 250 ; shade A1, A2, A3.5 and A4) were applied in a cylindrical metal mold. Seventy five specimens according to environments of exposure were made as follows; Group Ⅰ : aluminum foiling of the specimens in the air at 37℃ for 1 day and 7 days. Group Ⅱ : exposure of xenon lamp to the specimens in the air at 37℃ for 1 day and 7 days. Group Ⅲ : exposure of xenon lamp to the specimens in distilled water at 37℃ for 1 day and 7 days. The color characteristics (L^*, a^*, b^*) of the specimens before and after exposure of xenon lamp were measured by spectrophotometer and the total color differences (ΔE^*) were computed. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In all groups except A1 shade of group Ⅲ, the ΔE^* values presented below 2.0, and group Ⅲ showed the highest ΔE^* values followed by group Ⅱ and group Ⅰ in a decreasing order(p<0.05). 2. In all shades and groups, the more the exposure time of xenon lamp and the lighter the shade were, the higher the tendency for discoloration(p<0.05). 3. The composite resins which was exposed to xenon lamp in the distilled water was more discolored than those in the air (p<0.05). 4. The major changes of composite resins which were exposed to xenon lamp in the air were an increase in yellowness through a positive shift of the b^* value, and those in the distilled water were an increase in darkness and yellowness through a negative shift of the L^* value and a positive shift of the b^* value.

영아 보육교사의 직무환경과 교사효능감의 관계

최정선 ( Choi Jeong-sun ),김세곤 ( Kim Se-gon ) 동국대학교 교육연구소 2019 교육연구 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구에서는 영아 보육교사의 직무환경과 보육 효능감 간의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구 대상은 부산광역시 소재 G군의 어린이집 50개소에 재직 중인 보육교사 300명이다. 설문지를 300부를 배포 한 후에 기관을 방문하여 그중 200부를 직접회수 하였다. 영아 보육교사의 직무환경을 측정하기 위하여 선행연구에 기초하여 검사 도구를 본 연구에서 보육교사용으로 문항 내용을 일부 수정, 보완하여 사용하였다. 본 연구를 위한 설문지 초안이 구성된 후, 예비조사를 거쳐 본 조사가 실행되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 20.0을 사용하여 통계적 자료 처리를 실시하였다. 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 신뢰도 분석, t-test, 일원변량분석, 상관분석 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영아보육교사의 직무환경인식과 보육효능감은 보통보다 높았다. 둘째, 영아보육교사의 직무환경인식과 보육효능감 간에는 상관관계가 유의미하였다. 셋째, 영아보육교사의 직무환경 중 ‘시설장과의 관계’와 ‘교사전문성 지원’ 요인이 보육효능감에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. The purpose of this study is to find out relationship between early childhood teachers' job environment and child care efficiency. Subjects of this study are 200 early childhood teachers in 50 daycare-centers, G-gun, Busan. Jin-hwa Lee's research tool(2007) which was modified from Ji-young Seo's tool(2002) to apply to early childhood teachers was used in order to measure early childhood teachers' job environment. To measure child care efficiency, Jeong-ae Lee's tool(2012) which used a tool invented by Riggers Enochs(1990) was used after partial modifying. Collected data was processed statistically by using SPSS 20.0. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Research results about research questions are as follows. First, early childhood teachers' job environmental recognition and child care efficiency were higher than neutral. Second, interrelationship between early childhood teachers' job environmental recognition and child care efficiency had statistical significance. Third, "Relationship with a director of a daycare-center" and "support of teacher professionalism" among early childhood teachers' job environmental factors affected child care efficiency meaningfully.

초등학생 학교 밖 문식 활동 빈도의 종단적 변화 유형 사례 연구

민병곤 ( Min Byeong-gon ),백정이 ( Baik Jeong-yi ) 한국독서학회 2016 독서연구 Vol.0 No.40

본 연구는 정혜승 외(2016)에서 제시된 학교 밖 문식 활동 빈도의 종단적 변화를 바탕으로 하여 학교 밖 문식 활동 빈도가 하향세인 ``전형``, 상향세인 ``특이``, 높은 상태로 유지되는 ``우수``, 낮은 상태로 유지되는 ``미흡``의 네 유형으로 변화 유형을 나누었다. 그리고 종단적 변화의 예측 변인인 학생의 문식태도, 학생의 문식 활동의 어려움, 교사 지도의 세 측면에서 각 유형에 해당하는 학생 1명씩을 선정하여 면담 내용을 분석하였다. 높은 초기값을 가지지만 이것이 하락하는 유자송 학생과 유지되는 오혜림 학생을 비교하고, 낮은 초기값을 가지지만 이것이 유지되는 천정우 학생과 상승하는 손정은 학생을 대비함으로써 이들의 변화에 주목하여 학생들의 학교 밖 문식 활동을 활성화하기 위한 연구에 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 탐색적 사례 연구를 통한 시사점은 자발성 정도, 문식 태도 하위 요인, 문식 활동 인식 수준, 인식과 실천 간의 관계, 문식 활동 정도 판단 기준, 잠재 성장 모형에서의 초기값 설정의 6가지로 논의되었다. This study is based on the longitudinal changes in out-of-school literacy practices of elementary students and its predictors which took a latent growth curve modeling approach, appeared in Chung et al.(2016). There are 4 types of changes: ‘prototypical’ which shows downward tendency fit to the pattern of ordinary students, ‘peculiar’ which shows upward tendency, ‘superior’, and ‘inferior’. Then interviews of individual students of 4 types are analyzed into 3 parts, students’ literacy attitudes, perceived difficulties of literacy practices, and teachers’ instruction, which are predictors of the change rate. Yu, Ji-Song(prototypical) and O, Hye-Lim(superior), whose initial status are high, are compared with each other, and Cheon, Jeong-U(inferior) and Son, Jeong-Eun(peculiar), whose initial status are low, are compared with each other to reveal what made the changes. Discussions on the degrees of vulnerability, subcomponents of literacy attitude, literacy practices perception levels, the relationship between perception and practices, the standard of amount of literacy practices, and decision of initial status of LGM are provided as implications for further studies.

응급실에서 시행된 기관내 삽관의 현황

김병철,강보승,송형곤,이정훈,송근정,정연권 대한응급의학회 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

Background : The purpose of this study was to analyze the endotracheal intubation cases performed in the emergency department. Methods : We investigated retrospectively 326 cases of endotracheal intubation performed in the emergency department of a tertiary care center form April 1, 1998 to March 31, 1999. We focused on operators, medications used, its success rate and immediate complications, and the relationship between its success rate and medications. Results : Of 326 consecutive intubations, 193 patients(59.2%) were done by emergency medicine residents or attending physician. While 320 patients(98.2%) were successfully intubated, 6 patients could not be intubated and 2 patients underwent tracheostomy. Of 50 cases of intubations(15.3%) attempted with paralyzing agents, 48 cases were done with succinylcholine and 46 cases underwent by emergency physicians. Intubations with neuromuscular paralysis resulted in high success rates at the first attempt. Of 55 immediate adverse events were encountered in 47 patients(desaturation=17, bronchial intubation=15, hypotension=8, bradycardia=4, cardiac arrest=2, others=5). Conclusion : At this institution, paralyzing agents were used infrequently, but almost all of them were used by emergency physicians.

상아질 접착제의 전단결합강도와 미세누출에 관한 연구

김정호,조영곤,문주훈 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.2

New bonding agent systems have been supplied which operators can simply apply to conditioned tooth surfaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths and the microleakages of three bonding agents and composite resins to dentin. Seventy-five extracted human maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were used in this study. For the shear bond strength test, the entire occlusal dentin surfaces of thirty teeth were exposed with Diamond Wheel Saw and smoothed with Lapping and Polishing Machine (South Bay Technology Co., U.S.A.). For the microleakage test, Class V cavities were prepared in the buccal surfaces of fourty-five teeth. They were randomly assigned into 3 groups according to dentin bonding agents (Scotchbond^TM Multi-Purpose plus, ONE-STEP^TM and Prime & Bond^TM) and composite resins (Z-100, Aelitefil^TM and TPH Spectrum^TM) to be used. Bonding agents and composite resins were bonded to exposed dentin surfaces of the tooth crown and to Class V cavities on the buccal surfaces respectively according o manufacturer's directions. The shear bond strengths were measured by universal testing machine(U^TM AGS-100, Japan). In addition, the degree of microleakage at the occlusal and gingival margin was examined by 2% methylene blue and stereomicroscope(Olymous SZH 10, Japan). The results were as follows: 1. The shear bond strength to dentin was the highest value in SBMP-Plus group(16.68±7.38MPa) and the lowest value in Prime & Bond group(11.61±5.82MPa), but there was no significant difference of shear bond strength among three groups. 2. The degree of microleakage at both occlusal and gingival margin was showed the lowest in SBMP-Plus group and the highest in ONE-STEP group. 3. At both occlusal and gingival margin, there was significant difference of microleakage between SBMP-Plus and ONE-STEP/Prime & Bond groups(p<0.05), but no significant difference of microleakage between ONE-STEP and Prim & Bond group(p>0.05).

Periotron을 이용한 소아 치은 상태의 평가

신정근,백병주,김재곤,양연미,김성희 대한소아치과학회 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

온도자극이 충전된 치질에 미치는 영향

김재곤,노용관,이영수,양정숙,백병주 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구에서는 수복에 따른 치질 내부 구조물의 열적변화를 평가하기 위하여 와동이 형성된 인공 치아모형에 아말감 충전, 아말감과 스테인레스 스틸관 수복, 금인레이와 금관수복, ZOE 이장 및 아말감 충전등으로 수복한 후 온도변화를 관찰하였다. 각 실험군에 4℃와 60℃로 2초와 4초 동안 자극을 가한 후 치아내부의 온도분포를 2차원적으로 분석하였고, 치수 중앙부에서 외측으로 층을 형성하여 3차원적인 해석을 시행한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 4℃의 자극이 2초간 가해진 아말감 충전 경우, 아말감 충전과 스테인레스 스틸관을 장착한 경우에서는 1℃ 내외의 차이를 보였으며, 치수와 상아질 경계면에서 3초 경과시에 29℃까지 급격한 온도 하강을 보였으며 9초 후에 25℃에 도달하였다. 또한 금으로 수복한 경우에서는 3초 후 25℃까지 하강하여 그 온도를 유지하였으며, ZOE 이장 경우에서는 최저온도가 4℃ 이상 높게 나타났다. 2. 4℃ 자극을 4초간 가한 경우에서는 9초 후에서 2초 자극시보다 2-3℃ 낮았으며, 금 수복 경우에는 5초 후에 21℃의 최저온도를 보인 후 점차 회복되었다. 3. 아말감 충전 및 스테인레스 스틸관을 같이 장착한 경우에 60℃, 2초간 자극에는 3초 후 40℃의 온도로서 상승하였으나 9초 후에 30℃로 하강 하였으며, 금 수복에서는 2초 후 41℃까지 온도가 상승하였고, 9초 후 28℃를 보여 13℃의 차이가 있었다. ZOE 이장 경우에는 온도차이가 5℃로서 안정된 양상을 보였다. 4. 60℃, 4초 자극에 대한 아말감 충전 및 스테인레스 스틸관을 같이 장착한 경우에서 5초 후 42℃, 9초후 35℃를 보였으나 금 수복 경우에서는 3초 후 49℃, 9초 후 31℃의 온도변화를 나타내었다. 5. 3차원 분석에서 치수 중앙부에서 멀어질수록 온도변화가 심하였다. The dental structure substituted by restorative materials may produce discomfort resulting from hot or cold stimuli. To investigate the effects of this stimuli on the human teeth, thermal analysis was carried out by calculation of general heat conduction equation in a modeled tooth using numerical method. The method has been applied to axisymmetric and two-dimensional model, analyzing the effects of constant temperature 4℃ and 60℃. That thermal shock was provided for 2 seconds and 4 seconds, respectively and recovered to normal condition of 20℃ until 10 seconds. The thermal behavior of tooth covered with a crown of gold or stainless steel was compared with that of tooth without crown. At the same time, the effects of restorative materials(amalgam, gold and zinc oxide-eugenol(ZOE)) on the temperature of PDJ(pulpo-dentinal junction) has been studied. The geometry used for thermal analysis so far has been limited to two-dimensional as well as axisymmetric tooth models. But the general restorative tooth forms a cross shaped cavity which is no longer two-dimensional and axisymmetric. Therefore, in this study, the three-dimensional model was developed to investigate the effect of shape and size of cavity. This three-dimensional model might be used for further research to investigate the effects of restorative materials and cavity design on the thermal behavior of the real shaped tooth. The results were as follows: 1. When cold temperature of 4℃ was applied to the surface of the restored teeth with amalgam for 2 seconds and recovered to ambient temperature of 20℃, the PDJ temperature decreased rapidly to 29℃ until 3 seconds and reached to 25℃ after 9 seconds. This temperature decreased rather slowly with stainless steel crown, but kept similar temperature within 1℃ differences. Using the gold as a restorative material, the PDJ temperature decreased very fast due to the high thermal conductivity and reached near to 25℃ but the temperature after 9 seconds was similar to that in the teeth without crown. The effects of coldness could be attenuated with the ZOE situated under the cavity. The low thermal conductivity caused a delay in temperature decrease and keeps 4℃ higher than the temperature of other conditions after 9 seconds. 2. The elapse time of cold stimuli was increased also until 4 seconds and recovered to 20℃ after 4 seconds to 9 seconds. The temperature after 9 seconds was about 2-3℃ lower than the temperature of 2 seconds stimuli, but in case of gold restoration, the high thermal conductivity of gold caused the minimum temperature of 21℃ after 5 seconds and got warm to 23℃ after 9 seconds. 3. The effects of hot stimuli was also investigated with the temperature of 60℃. For 2 seconds stimuli, the temperature increased to 40℃ from the initial temperature of 35℃ after 3 seconds of stimuli and decreased to 30℃ after 9 seconds in the teeth without crown. This temperature was sensitive to surface temperature in the teeth with gold restoration. It increased rapidly to 41℃ from the initial temperature of 35℃ after 2 seconds and decreased to 28℃ after 9 seconds, which showed 13℃ temperature variations for 9 seconds upon the surface temperature. This temperature variations were only in the range of 5℃ by using ZOE in the bottom of cavity and showed maximum temperature of 37℃ after 3 seconds of stimuli. 4. In case of 4 seconds hot stimuli, the temperature increased 42℃ after 5 seconds and decreased 35℃ after 9 seconds in the teeth without crown. But in gold restoration, showed 49℃ after 3 seconds and 31℃ after 9 seconds, temperature variation was up to 18℃. Temperature variation of ZOE base case was only 5℃. 5. In three-dimensional analysis, we could find higher and lower thermal distribution pattern at the outer layer.

Cariostat를 이용한 아동의 우식활성에 관한 임상적 연구

김재곤,이영수,양정숙,양연미,백병주 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of the study was to determine the ability of the caries activity test, 'Car-iostat'to identify preschool children with dental caries, The subjects of this study were 76 children of 3 to 5 years of age. Oral examination was carried out to out to assess the caries experience using a mirror and explorer. In all subjects buccal plaque samples were obtained, incubated. and scored as the manufacturer's instructions for the cariostat test. statistical analyses were used with the Crosstabulation. The test group exhibited mean dft index 5.21, while 27.63% of subjects were caries free and had no restorations. The sensitivity of the Cariostat test was found to be 98.8% while the specifioity was found to be 19.05% The results showed that caries activity measured by visual reading was highly significant to the Cariostat score and dft index(P<0.001). the Cariostat method has indicated the future possible occurrence of caries. The use of this method is meant to require in the caries prevention program.

李鈺의 漢文小設 硏究

옥치곤,김정호 진주산업대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

In this thesis, I investigated the inclination to novel in the biographies of Lee Ok. This dissertation is a study to understand the novels of Lee Ok and a representative man of the Chosun Dynasty. Lee Ok, born in the disorderly late Chosun Dynasty, was alive an obscure life because he was ruined the upper class (Yang-Ban) during Chosun Dynasty. So his literary works represented about neglected common people class. His life had influence on literary works. Lee Ok wrote twenty three novels. Each of the twenty three novels didn't deal with in this study. This study discloses the variety of fictional techniques of Lee Ok. So this study fully examined one of the Lee Ok's novel (Sim-Seong-Jeon). His novel world, idea, and viewpoint of literature, based on his obscure life, are the recognition and limitation against social injustice. It is formed to his right recognition of history, and to the criticism of society in consistency to sympathy for pityful people. His literary works have the resistances against the social inconsistency.