이진 디더링 이미지에 적용하는 디지털 워터마킹의 성능개선

김현주,곽내정,안재형 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2001 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.9 No.1

본 논문에서는 이진 프린팅 영상에 워터마크를 삽입하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안방법은 영상을 디더링 한 후 16×16 크기의 블록으로 나누어 워터마크 값(0 or 1)에 따라 다르게 정의된 기준 블록 패턴과 비교함으로 워터마크를 삽입한다. 워터마크 검출은 워터마크가 삽입된 영상의 카운팅 배열을 생성하고 생성된 카운팅 배열로 워터마크 배열을 만들어 디더링 영상에 삽입된 워터마크 배열과 비교함으로 된다. 성능평가는 워터마크 삽입영상을 프린트 한 후 스캔하여 기존의 방법과 워터마크 검출 성능을 비교하였으며 제안 방법은 기존 방법보다 3~5% 정도 워터마크 검출성능이 개선되어졌다. In this paper we propose a novel method which watermarks are embedded in printed images by exploiting the printing process. First, we convert a original image to a dithered binary image and a dithered binary image divided into the blocks of 16×16 pixel. And then watermark is embedded in a dithered binary image by comparing that blocks with reference block patterns which are determined by watermark values(0 or 1). We extract watermark by comparing the watermark which is reconstructed from the watermark embedded image with the original watermark which is embedded in a binary image. To examine we compare performance of the proposed algorithm with that of the conventional watermark embedding algorithm for printed images by detecting watermark for scan images. Simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm works better than the conventional algorithm.

한약제형 선호도에 관한 설문조사

최현정,방나영,송보완,김남재,류봉하 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

In order to investigate to develop the new dosage form of the traditional herbal medicine which have been used for the treatment of disease in oriental medicine, we conducted a survey on 217 patients who visited oriental hospital in Kyung Hee University Medical Centre during one month since October 2003. They were given questionnaires to answer and results of this study were as the following: 1. About 45% patients visited in oriental hospital believed that oriental medicine was better remedy than modern medicine. 2. Most of patients felt that the oriental medical expenses were expensive. 3. About 60% patients preferred the modernized dosage form such as extract powder and granule, etc. rather than medicinal herbs in package. 4. Most of patients hope that decoction of medicinal herbs in package would change the advanced dosage forms such as tablet, capsule and extract powder, Because patients suffered from inconvenience of making a decoction, unhandy, unwieldy and keeping. 5. About 60% patients pointed out that merits of advanced dosage forms of medicinal herbs were convience to take and handy, etc.. However, they had an Intension that there were some difference of efficacy between decoction and modernized dosage forms of oriental medicine. Because of several defects such as unusual flavor and smell, incompatible food, large volume with amount, inconvenience of carrying and decocting oriental herbal medicines, most of patients would expect the development of the advanced dosage forms of them. In summary, this study show that it was needed to develop the new dosage forms of oriental herbal medicine on the basis of scientific research and economical cost of medical expenses.

라이프·싸이클로 본 産業福祉 : 特히 靑少年勤勞福祉와 老年勤勞福祉를 中心으로

우재현 한국사회사업대학 노인복지연구소 1982 老人福祉硏究 Vol.4 No.-

Industrial Welfare is the welfare for workers in industry. The workers may achieved their happiness and well-being though the helps of the national industrial welfare policy by government, the company welfare by enterprise, the labor welfare by labor union, the private industrial welfare by private social organizations and so forth. Then this treatise is depended upon the basic hypothesis that is pivided the life cycle of Korean into four stages and twelve periods as following; ◁그림 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) Industrial welfare by life cycle is divided the inchestrial welfare for adolescence in adolescenece stage, the indusfrial welfare in manhood stage and indasfrial welfare for oldage (Industrial Gerontology) in old age stage. This treatise aims especially to investigate the industrial welfare for adolescence and the industrial welfare for old age with adolescence stage and old age stage called two crisis in the human life. Looking around the characteristics of each stage, the workers of adolescence stage want mentally the annulment of inadaptations and the exclusion of anxieties and economically more wage and more working conditions, and the workers of old age stage want first of all the extension of age limmit. In other words, the master key of old age industrial welfare is the extension of age limmit. The contents of this treatise is as following: Chapter Ⅰ is prologue and Chapter Ⅱ is to draw up the life cycle of Korean. ChapterⅢ investigated the present condition, many problems of waiting solution and the counter measure of industrial welfare for adoleseence and chapter Ⅳ investigated the present conditions processing the aging society; the age limmit system and the necessity and the method of the extension of age limmit. And chapter Ⅴ reached summary and an conclution.

아민 및 니트로화합물에 대한 QSAR의 물리화학적 매개변수 및 독성과의 상관관계

김재현,김애경 한국환경독성학회 1999 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Quantitative strucrure-activity relationships between the toxicity (LD_(50)) and molecular properties of amine and nitro compounds were tested. The all 19 compounds showed low correlations below 0.500 to their LD_(50) values, When amine or nitro compounds were taken separately, the correlation between the calculated chemphysico parameters and LD_(50) were also poor (r²=0.4911, 3967 repectively), The overall relationships among the QSAR parameters were investigated. Molecular weight shows a high correlation with total surface area (r²=0,9287); 0.9090 for zero-order connectivity and second-order connectivity; 0.8784 for bioconcentration factor and second-order connectivity. When amine compounds were taken to perform the statistical treatment, the relation-ships between parameters were as follows: 0,8436 for volume -negentropy; 0.8925 for volume -bioconcentration factor; 0,9929 for zero-order connectivity-Kow; zero-order connectivity -bioconcentration factor; 0.9141 for zero-order connectivity-solubility; 0.9718 for solubility -bioconcentration factor; 0.9894 for solubility -bioconcentration factor and 0.9319 for Kow-bioconcentration factor. On the other hand, nitro compounds showed different relationships as follows: 0.8952 for volume-I/Q character; 0.9520 for volume-total surface area; 0,9351 for volume-molecular weight; 0.9351 for volume-MW; 0.9961 for Kow-Koc; 0,8455 for Kow-bioconcentration factor; 0,8879 for Koc-bioconcentration factor; 0,9987 for MW-total surface area respectively,

因果關係立證과 危險責任

張在賢,柳和伸 慶北大學校 法學硏究所 2001 법학논고 Vol.17 No.-

전문직종사자 전속계약의 효력

장재현,권기덕 慶北大學校 法學硏究所 2005 법학논고 Vol.23 No.-

The purposes of the exclusive contracts in entertainment industries are divided into two forms. Through the exclusive contracts, the company will possess star-talents and pre-star-talents, who will achieve their own success in social and economic field... and so on. The meaning of the exclusive contracts tells the characteristics of exclusive contracts. It also says that the hunting and poaching of entertainments companies are very excessive. The terms of contracts can be how to prevent other companies from hunting talents of theirs. The possessions of star-talents in entertainment industries are very important for the success of their programs and the future of companies. So the owners of entertainment companies can't help doing their best so as to possess star talents and pre-star talents. Exclusive contracts in entertainment industries must be formed more exactly and more strictly enforced. If they are disobeyed, the punishment of them are severe, too. Exclusive contracts have been developed with entertainment industries, Hollywood star system which has changed from studio system to Agency, from agency to management system explains the causes of several issues of exclusive contracts; poaching star-talents and keeping star-talents, giant company's excessive possession of star talent and the disorganization of star system. We can compare the issues of our entertainment contracts with the causes and problems of changes in Hollywood star-systems. And we can establish the standards of formation, enforcement, effect of exclusive contracts through the examples of American entertainment contracts. If it is formed through reasonable steps and in social and general principles, and is not illegal, the contracts can have the enforcible power according to it's own characteristics, whether it is expressive contracts or implied contracts. Though they had better be contracted in written terms, parol contracts also can be enforcible and effective. Exclusive contracts in entertainment industries have several distinctions which have engagements, undertaking, trust or delegation. So they are interpreted according to these characteristics.

頭鍼이 中風患者의 단기간 NIHSS와 MBI에 미치는 영향

류재춘,박인범,김상우,김철홍,서정철,윤현민,장경전,송춘호,안창범 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2002 동의한의연구 Vol.6 No.-

Objective ; The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Scalp acupuncture on recovery of motor disorders in stroke patients. Methods ; Twenty two patients with poststroke-hemiplegia were randomized into two groups. Ten patients(test group) treated by 2 methods-Scalp acupuncture and body acupuncture. The other twelve patients(control group) treated only by body acupuncture. The activity of daily living was measured with a National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) and Modified Barthel Index(MBI). The therapy was performed one a day for 2 weeks. Results ; In terms of score of NIHSS, the test group showed statistically meaningful decrease after 2 week treatment, but the control group showed statistically meaningful decrease after 1 week(p<0.05). And in terms of score of MBI, the test group did not show statistically meaningful increase but the control group showed statistically meaningful increase after 1 week(p<O.05). There was no statistically meaningful difference after 1 and 2 week treatment between the groups. Conclusions ; These results support that test group has almost same effectness compared with control group in improvement of the activity of daily living of poststroke-hemiplegic patients.

Hazard Risk Ranking Index(유해성 등급화 지수)를 결정하기 위한 독성데이터의 적용방법론-미시간 모델과 CHEMS-1 모델의 비교

김재현 동덕여자대학교 2001 생활과학연구 Vol.6 No.-

The hazard risk ranking system, which has been applied to the ranking of chemical hazards to establish priorities for action, involves considerations of the quantities of chemicals involved, their environmental fate and their toxicity to people. Such information is used to construct a hazard index, using a scoring model. Two examples of such models(Michigan model and CHEMS-1) are given that assumptions underlying these models from the knowledge of toxicology and environmental fate study are based on. It is also important to assess probable human dose from knowledge of contaminant concentration in food or drink and information on consumption patterns and toxicological data. Basically It may be useful to use these models to apply for scoring and ranking system to be made for countries not having this screeing system.

Environmental Chemistry(환경화학) 및 Toxicology(환경독성학)분야의 QSAR에 관한 Database 및 Computer Software에 대한 고찰

김재현,이미애 동덕여자대학교 2001 생활과학연구 Vol.6 No.-

Toxicity testing is an iterative process which begins with a compound that displays an interesting biological profile for health risk and ends with optimizing both the activity profile for the molecule and its chemical synthesis with softwares and database. The process is initiated when the chemist conceives a hypothesis which relates the chemical features of the molecule (or series of molecules) to the biological activity. Without a detailed understanding of the biochemical process(es) responsible for activity, the hypothesis generally is refined by examining structural similarities and differences for active and inactive molecules. The alternative to this labor intensive approach to so many compound testing is to develop a theory that quantitatively relates variations in biological activity to changes in molecular descriptors which can easily be obtained for each compound. A Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) can then be utilized to help guide chemical synthesis. This paper describes the concepts used to derive a QSAR and reviews the application of QSAR techniques to environmental risk assessment research.

産業福祉의 開拓者들에 관한 考察

우재현 대구대학교 사회복지연구소 1983 社會福祉硏究 Vol.11 No.-

This thesis aims to introduce the pioneers of industrial welfare in modern industry; Robert Owen in England, Edme-Jean Leclaire in France, Krupps in Deutsch-land, Francis Cabot Lowell and Nathan Appleton in America. Early industrial revolution in England produce passimistic situations. First, children began to work in factories at excessively early age, often only six or seven years. Second, the hours of work were extreme, especially for children, 12 to 14 hours per day were common-place. Third, many pauper children were unconditionally indentured to private manufacturers whose sole obligation was to maintain them, Finally working conditions in the early factories were, at best, oppressive. When these industrial conditions are added to general social conditions-conditions only recently created by tenant evictions, enclosures, and poor laws-we can gain some notion of the widespread poverty and degradation that characterized much of England and continental Europe in the late 1700's. In this environment Robert Owen, a young Welsh factory owner, about the year 1800, was the first to emphasize the human needs of employees. He refused to employ young children. He taught his workers cleanliness and temperance, and he improved their working conditions. He reduced the hours of labour, made his factory sanitary and agreeable, improved the training of his workers, provided unemployment pay during a period of trade depression, established a system of schools, and made New Lanark a model of better industrialism, while at the same time sustaining its commercial prosperty. These are the accomplishment of Robert Owen in the field of industrial welfare work. Robert Owen was not entirely alone in his early efforts in the area of welfare work. Approximately twenty-five years after Owen's principal accomplishment at New Lanark, Edme-Jean Leclaire, a French house painter and decorator, established a profit-sharing system and mutual aid society that provided initially for medical and disability benefits. A third contributor to the industrial welfare movement in the continent was the Krupp family, which founded the new famous steel works in Essen on the Ruhr. Their industrial welfare work included company housing, company stores, life and accident insurance, a pension fund, schools and apprentice programs, savings and Ioan institutions, a convalescent home, clubhouses, hospitals, dining halls, and a library. The first American experiments in industrial welfare work, like those of Owen and the Krupps, were decidedly paternalistic. These programs appeared in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, and a few other New England towns in the first-third of the nineteenth century. Francis Cabot Lowell, Nathan Appleton, and others gained the knowledge of factory conditions in England through observation. Within the widespread social degradation, they decided to follow Owen's example. These industrial welfare works will be a good lesson to our country in 1980's.