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Hiroko Ohwada,Takeo Nakayama,Yuki Kanaya,Yuki Tanaka 대한지역사회영양학회 2017 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.11 No.1
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The level of serum albumin is an index of nourishment care and management. However, the distribution and correlates of serum albumin levels among individuals with motor disorders have not been reported until now. Therefore, we examined the distribution and correlates of serum albumin levels among individuals with motor disorders. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study on 249 individuals with motor disabilities (144 men, mean age: 51.4 years; 105 women, mean age: 51.4 years) was conducted at five institutions in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan in 2008. The results were compared with data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey. RESULTS: The mean serum albumin levels were 4.0 ± 0.4 g/dL for men and 3.8 ± 0.5 g/dL for women. Overall, 17 (11.8%) men and 25 (23.8%) women had hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin level ≤ 3.5 g/dL); these proportions were greater than those among healthy Japanese adults (≤ 1%). Low serum albumin level was related with female sex, older age, low calf circumference, low relative daily energy intake, low hemoglobin (Hb), low blood platelet count, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low HbA1c, and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The strongest correlates, based on standardized betas, were Hb (0.321), CRP (-0.279), and HDL-C (0.279) levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia is higher in individuals with motor disabilities than in healthy individuals and that inflammation is a strong negative correlate of serum albumin levels. Therefore, inflammation should be examined for the assessment of hypoalbuminemia among institutionalized individuals with motor disabilities.
Pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases
( Hiroko Nagao Kitamoto ),( Sho Kitamoto ),( Peter Kuffa ),( Nobuhiko Kamada ) 대한장연구학회 2016 Intestinal Research Vol.14 No.2
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is colonized by a dense community of commensal microorganisms referred to as the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota and the host have co-evolved, and they engage in a myriad of immunogenic and metabolic interactions. The gut microbiota contributes to the maintenance of host health. However, when healthy microbial structure is perturbed, a condition termed dysbiosis, the altered gut microbiota can trigger the development of various GI diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as genetic variations, diet, stress, and medication, can dramatically affect the balance of the gut microbiota. Therefore, these factors regulate the development and progression of GI diseases by inducing dysbiosis. Herein, we will review the recent advances in the field, focusing on the mechanisms through which intrinsic and extrinsic factors induce dysbiosis and the role a dysbiotic microbiota plays in the pathogenesis of GI diseases. (Intest Res 2016;14:127-138)
Exploring Irish Soul : A Symbolical Reading of W. B. Yeats’s The Countess Cathleen
Hiroko Ikeda 한국예이츠학회 2015 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.48 No.-
『캐슬린 백작』은 극히 상징적인 극이다. 캐슬린은 부분적으로 앵글로-아일리쉬 엘리트에 대한 예이츠의 이상을 나타내지만, 그녀에게 부여된 이미지와 역할은 여러 가지 면에서 다른 상징적 면을 나타낸다. 그녀는 국가, 아일랜드인의 정신성, 및 눈에 보이지 않는 영혼을 나타낸다. 이 극의 중심이 되는 것은 예이츠가 수집한 민간신앙과 이야기들에 뿌리를 둔 저 세상과 현세와의 교감을 모티브로 하고 있다. 저 세상과의 접촉이 악마의 황금과 영혼을 바꾸는 일로 나타나는데 이는 극적인 정신 상태를 보이는 것이다. 캐슬린이 사람들을 위해서 모든 것을 희생하게 만드는데, 이때 악마들의 역할이 필요하다. 캐슬린은 사람들의 생명에 필수적인 그래서 꼭 지켜져야 하는 것을 상징한다. 동시에 그녀는 동정심이 강하면서 저세상과 근본적으로 맞닿아 있는 영혼을 상징한다. The Countess Cathleen is a deeply symbolic play. While Cathleen embodies in part Yeats’s ideal of the Anglo-Irish elite, images and roles attributed to her denote her other symbolical positions on various levels. She symbolizes a nation, the spirituality of the Irish, and an invisible soul. Central to the play is the motif of interactions between this world and the other world whose roots can be traced to Irish beliefs and stories that Yeats collected. A contact with the other world appears as an exchange of one’s soul for demons’ gold, which primarily signals an extreme state of mind. The demons play an indispensable role in leading Cathleen to total sacrifice for people. Cathleen is symbolical of something that is essential to one’s life and needs to be protected at all cost. At the same time she also embodies a compassionate soul and has a fundamental connection to the other world.
Hiroko Machida,Koji Matsuo,Yoichi Kobayashi,Mai Momomura,Fumiaki Takahashi,Tsutomu Tabata,Eiji Kondo,Wataru Yamagami,Yasuhiko Ebina,Masanori Kaneuchi,Satoru Nagase,Mikio Mikami 대한부인종양학회 2022 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.33 No.3
Objective: To assess the efficacy of the FIGO 2018 classification system for nodal-specific classifications for early-stage cervical cancer; specifically, to examine the impact of nodal metastasis on survival and the effect of postoperative treatments, according to histological subtypes. Methods: This society-based retrospective observational study in Japan examined 16,539 women with the 2009 FIGO stage IB1 cervical cancer who underwent primary surgical treatment from 2004 to 2015. Associations of cause-specific survival (CSS) with nodal metastasis and postoperative adjuvant therapy were examined according to histology type (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], n=10,315; and non-SCC, n=6,224). Results: The nodal metastasis rate for SCC was higher than that for non-SCC (10.7% vs. 8.3%, p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, the impact of nodal metastasis on CSS was greater for non-SCC tumors (adjusted-hazard ratio [HR], 3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.40– 4.02) than for SCC tumors (adjusted-HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.70–2.84; p<0.001). Propensity score matching analysis showed significantly lower CSS rates for women with pelvic nodal metastasis from non-SCC tumors than from SCC tumors (5-year CSS rate, 75.4% vs. 90.3%, p<0.001).The CSS rates for women with nodal metastasis in SCC histology were similar between the postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy and chemotherapy groups (89.2% vs. 86.1%, p=0.42), whereas those in non-SCC histology who received postoperative chemotherapy improved the CSS (74.1% vs. 67.7%, p=0.043). Conclusion: The node-specific staging system in the 2018 FIGO cervical cancer classification is applicable to both non-SCC tumors and SCC tumors; however, the prognostic significance of nodal metastases and efficacy of postoperative therapies vary according to histology.