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이종흔,김중수,송형근,박수정,함진숙 대한구강생물학회 1990 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.14 No.1
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative analgesic effectiveness of paradol and shogaol compared with capsaicin, and effects of capsaicinoids on substance P of trigeminal spinal sensory nucleus. Under anesthesia, anterior belly of digastric muscle was exposed and a pair of electrodes was inserted to record the electromyograms. Noxious electrical stimulus was applied to oral mucosa around the mental foramen. Inferior alveolar nerves (IAN) and saphenous nerves were carefully exposed for application of vehicle and drugs to evaluate the effects on digastric EMG (dEMG) and neural conduction, and caudal part of brainstem was exposed to determine the substance P. Vehicle and 1.5% of capsaicin, paradol and shogaol were applied to IAN and saphenous nerves for 30 minutes, respectively. EMG_s of digastric muscle evoked by noxious electrical stimulus were recorded before application of drugs or vehicle, immediately after removal and washing of drugs and at 30 minutes after washing. To examine the effects of the peripheral stimulation on the action potential, stimulating electrodes were placed on the peripheral side of drugs application site and recording electrodes were on the proximal side. Substance P of trigeminal spinal sensory nucleus was collected by push-pull perfusion technique and determined by radioimmunoassay. Capsaicin application on IAN could not influence on dEMG, but paradol and shogaol decrease the amplitude of dEMG. Capsaicin applied locally to nerve decreased amplitude and conduction velocity of only C-fiber, while paradol and shogaol inhibited the neural conduction of C-fiber and Aδ-fiber. Substance P in the trigeminal spinal nucleus was reduced by capsaicin but not by paradol and shogaol.
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이수구,박상헌 서울産業大學校 1992 논문집 Vol.36 No.1
This study was performed to treat the swine wastewater from the small scale farms. As physicochemical treatment methods, coagulation, activated carbon adsorption, Fenton reagent's reaction and dewatering of sludge were applied to remove organic materials. Adding polymer Yangfloc Ycx-4 could increase effectively COD removal efficiency above 80% and the optimum dosage of polymer was 50㎎/L. In order to remove COD, powdered activated carbons were more effective than granular activated carbons and PAC absorption results could applied well to Freunich adsorption isotherm. In Fenton reagent's reaction, COD removal efficiency was low within 30%. In the chemical treatment, killing efficiencies of E. coli were 99.5% and 99.8% at pH 11 and 12, respectively. The dewaterability of sludge could be increased effectively by adding lime and cationic polymer.
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백서 해마에서 카이닌산에 의한 조기유전자의 발현과 p42, p44 MAPK 및 EIK-1 인산화의 발달 단계에 따른 변화
정희연,김수진,김종흔,정선주,박주배,김용식,조수철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4
연구목적 : 어린 백서에게 카이닌산(kainic acid, KA)을 주사하여 발작을 일으킨 후, 해마에서 조기유전자 -c-fos, junB, 및 TIS1의 발현 유도 양상을 발달 단계별로 조사하여 전기경련충격(electroconvulsive shock, ECS)에서의 결과와 비교함으로써 백서 뇌 신호전달계의 성숙과정을 파악하고자 하였다. 그리고 KA 주사후 p42, p44 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)의 인산화 및 그에 의해 활성화되는 것으로 알려진 전사인자 Elk-1의 인산화를 관찰하여, KA 주사후 MAPK 신호절달계를 통한 c-fos의 발현로 알려진 전사인자 Elk-1의 인산화를 관찰하여, KA 주사후 MAPK 신호전달계를 통한 c-fos의 발현 경로를 발달 단계별로 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법 : 생후 7, 14 21일 된 수컷 백서에서 KA를 복강내 주사한 후, 백서 해마에서 조기유전자의 발현 양상은 northern blot analysis로, p42, p44 MAPK와 Elk-1의 인산화는 immunoblotting으로 관찰하였다. 결 론 : 생후 7일된 백서의 해마에서는 ECS와는 달리, KA에 의한 세 가지 조기유전자의 발현이 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 생후 14일부터 이들 조기유전자의 뚜렷한 발현을 관찰할 수 있었고 생후 21일에는 성숙한 백서와 같은 수준의 발현 양상을 볼 수 있었다. 세 가지 유전자 모두 백서의 연령과 KA 주사 후 시간에 따른 발현 유도 양상은 비슷하였다. p42, p44 MAPK는 생후 7일부터 상당한 수준의 기저치 인산화가 관찰되었으나, KA에 의한 인산화 증가는 생후 14일부터 관찰되었다. Elk-1의 인상화 역시 생후 7일부터 높은 수준으로 관찰되었으나 KA 주사 후 시간에 따른 Elk-1 인산화의 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 결 론 : ECS와 KA가 조기유전자 발현 양상에 차이를 보이는 것은 이들 유전자의 발현과 관련되어 활성화되는 신호전달경로의 차이 때문으로 생각된다. 백서 해마에서 KA에 의한 MAPK 활성화에 관여하는 신호 전달 기구는 연령이 높아짐에 따라 점차 성숙하고, MAPK의 활성화로 전달된 신호는 Elk-1 이외의 다른 경로를 통해 c-fos 발현을 조절하는 것으로 추측된다. Objectives : In order to investigate the maturational process of intracellular signal transduction system in rat brain, we studied the induction of the immediate early genes(IEGs)-c-fos, iunB, and TIS1 in each developmental stage after kainic acid(KA)-induced seizure in young rat hippocampus and then compared these with the results after electroconvulsive shock(ECS) And to elucidate the induction mechanism of c-fos via mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) by KA in each developmental stage, we investigated the phosphorylation of p42, p44 MAPK and Elk-1 after KA treatment in young rat hippocampus. Methods : We examined the induction patterns of IEGs by northern blot analysis, and the phosphorylation of p42, p44 MAPK and Elk-1 by immunoblotting in rat hippocampus at post-natal day 7, 14, and 21(P7, P14 & P21), respectively after intraperitoneal injection of KA. Results : Unlike ECS, KA did not induce c-fos, junB, and TIS1 in P7 hippocampus. But these genes were apparently induced at P14 and to an adult level at P21. These three IEGs showed similar temporal patterns of induction in each developmental stage. Although the basal level of phosphorylated 42p, 44p MAPK was considerable in P7 rat hippocampus, the increase or phosphorylation after KA treatment was observed at P14. While the phosphorylation of Elk-1 was detected with high basal level in P7 rat, the amount of phosphorylated Elk-1 was not changed after KA treatment. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the differences in IEGs induction patterns between KA and ECS may be due to the differences in the activated signal transduction pathways. And our results also implicate that the signal transduction system involved in MAPK phosphorylation after KA treatment mature with aging and c-fos induction via MAPK activation may be regulated through some pathways other than Elk-1 in rat hippocampus.
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Mutually Injection-Locked Tunable Laser Based on GS-RSOAs for L-Band Generation
Heun-Duk Ku,Soo-Yong Jung,Seung-Hoen Han,Chang-Soo Park IEEE 2012 IEEE photonics technology letters Vol.24 No.24
<P>We propose a mutually injection-locked tunable (MILT) laser for L-band generation based on arrayed waveguide grating and gain-saturated reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers. The laser generates a 3-dB bandwidth less than 0.05 nm and a high and uniform sidemode suppression ratio (SMSR >;52 dB, ΔSMSR >;3 dB) over 40 L-band wavelengths. Using an MILT laser greatly reduced the phase noise, which is measured to be -107.83 dBc/Hz at a frequency of 10-kHz offset from the center. Furthermore, the 1.25-Gb/s directly modulated transmission performance of the MILT laser shows that there is a power penalty of ~ 0.2 dB over a 20-km single mode fiber.</P>
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균혈증 및 패혈증의 임상 양상 및 예후 인자에 대한 고찰
이수봉(Soo Bong Lee),이우철(Woo Chul Lee),정현철(Hyun Chul Jung),송상헌(Sang Heun Song),이동원(Dong Won Lee),김용범(Yong Bum Kim),정주섭(Joo Seop Chung),곽임수(Ihm Soo Kwak),조군제(Goon Jae Cho),나하연(Ha Youn Rha),장철훈(Chul Hun Ch 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.3
N/A Objectives : In spite of the improvement in therapeutic strategy, the mortality rate from sepsis is still high. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of sepsis to get help in treatment and estimation of prognosis of sepsis. Methods : We analyzed the clinical and bacteriologic data of 313 admitted patients with bacteremia at Pusan National University Hospital from Jan., 1996 to Dec., 1997 retrospectively and all patients were categorized into 4 groups (bacteremia, sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock) by the definition from American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference, 1992. Results : 1) Male to female ratio was 1.22 : 1 and mean age was 52 years. 2) The overall mortality rate was 32.3% and the mortality rates of bacteremia, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock were 14.9%, 22.8%, 52.0%, and 95.2%, respectively. 3) Underlying diseases predisposing to bacteremia were diabetes mellitus(14.4%), solid cancer (13.1%), hematologic malignancy(10.2%) and liver cirrhosis(9.9%), but the most common was no underlying disease. 4) Among the total 80 species of isolated microorganisms, gram-positive organisms were responsible in 169 cases, gram-negative organisms in 218 cases. E. coli was isolated most frequently, followed by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Str. viridans group, CNS, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi. 5) Although the source of bacteremia could not be identified in 28.8% of the patients, the others had the primary site of infections ; skin(17.9%), gastrointestinal tract(16.9%), respiratory tract(12.5%), urinary tract(9.9%) and biliary tract(7.3%). 6) The mortality rate in patients with gram-positive bacteremia was 39.4%, with gram-negative bacteremia was 20.9% and with polymicrobial bacteremia was 33.3%. MRSA sepsis showed the highest mortality rate(58.8%), followed by Enterococcus spp.(50.0%), K. pneumoniae (35.0%), P. aeruginosa(27.3%) and E. coli(18.8%). 7) There was significant relation between etiologic organisms of bacteremia and the primary site of infections. 8) Using logistic regression analysis, mortality was predicted by disseminated intravascular coagulation, severity of sepsis and severity of underlying diseases. Conclusion : Sepsis occurred in 16 patients among 1,000 adult admitted patients and overall mortality rate was 32.3%, still high. The mortality rate had positive correlation with the severity of sepsis. Among 16 evaluated risk factors of mortality, mortality was predicted by disseminated intravascular coagulation, severity of sepsis and severity of underlying disease.
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사구체 신염 환자에서 Gallium-67 신티그램의 임상적 유용성
이수봉(Soo Bong Lee),이우철(Woo Chul Lee),정현철(Hyun Chul Jung),송상헌(Sang Heun Song),곽임수(Ihm Soo Kwak),나하연(Ha Yeon Rha) 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.4
N/A Objectives : Gallium 67(Ga-67) scintigraphy has been used to diagnose inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. We undertook a study to determine the clinical value of Ga- 67 renal scan in patients with various glomerular diseases. Methods : Ga-67 scintigraphy was performed in 48 patients with various biopsy proven forms of renal diseases. Renal uptake in 48 patients images was graded as follow: Grade 0 = not visualization at 48 hours : 1 = faintly visualize : 2 = equal to uptake in spine : 3 = greater than over the spine : 4 = greater than activity over the liver. Results : 1) Of the 48 patients, 31 were male, and mean age was 32 years. 11 patients had hypertension and 29 patients had hematuria. 2) Positive scintigram were seen in 40 of 48(83%) cases. In results of renal biopsy, IgA nephropathy(IgAN) was 15 patients, minimal change disease(MCD) was 14, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was 8, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) was 3, lupus nephritis(LN) was 3, poststreptococcal glomerulo- nephritis(PSGN) was 3 and membranous glomerulonephritis(MGN) was 2. 3) In 26 patients (54%) with nephrotic-range proteinuria, Grade 2 or higher renal uptake was observed in 9 (75%) of MCD, 5(100%) of FSGS, 2(100%) of LN and 3(75%) of IgAN. 4) In comparision nephrotics with non-nephrotics at biopsy, renal Ga-67 uptake in who patients had nephrotic- range proteinuria was correlated with clinical severity determined by serum albumin, serum total cholesterol and 24 hours urine protein excretion. Conclusions : Renal Ga-67 scintigraphy may be able to be a predictor in the assessment for severity of nephrotic syndrome.
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