The Pathological Role of Astrocytic MAOB in Parkinsonism Revealed by Genetic Ablation and Over-expression of MAOB

An Heeyoung,허준영,C. Justin Lee,남민호 한국뇌신경과학회 2021 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.30 No.2

The cause of Parkinson’s disease has been traditionally believed to be the dopaminergic neuronal death in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). This traditional view has been recently challenged by the proposal that reactive astrocytes serve as key players in the pathology of Parkinson’s disease through excessive GABA release. This aberrant astrocytic GABA is synthesized by the enzymatic action of monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), whose pharmacological inhibition and gene-silencing are reported to significantly alleviate parkinsonian motor symptoms in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. However, whether genetic ablation and over-expression of MAOB can bidirectionally regulate parkinsonian motor symptoms has not been tested. Here we demonstrate that genetic ablation of MAOB blocks the MPTP-induced augmentation of astrocytic GABA-mediated tonic inhibition of neighboring dopaminergic neurons as well as parkinsonian motor symptoms, indicating the necessity of MAOB for parkinsonian motor symptoms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GFAP-MAOB transgenic mice, in which MAOB is over-expressed under the GFAP promoter for astrocyte-specific over-expression, display exacerbated MPTP-induced tonic inhibition and parkinsonian motor symptoms compared to wild-type mice, indicating the importance of astrocytic MAOB for parkinsonian motor symptoms. Our study provides genetic pieces of evidence for the causal link between the pathological role of astrocytic MAOB-dependent tonic GABA synthesis and parkinsonian motor symptoms.

프랑스혁명기 ‘형제애’와 여성의 시민권

양희영 ( Yang¸ Hee-young ) 한국서양사학회 2021 西洋史論 Vol.- No.148

이 글은 프랑스 공화국 표어 ‘자유, 평등, 형제애’의 세 번째 단어 ‘형제애’와 프랑스혁명기 여성의 관계를 살펴본다. 프랑스혁명기 형제애는 1789-1790년 ‘연맹제’에서 확인되듯 일차적으로 무장한 시민-병사들의 정치적 유대를 의미했다. 그러나 혁명이 불러일으킨 희망과 열정, 대립과 분열에 따라 이 형제애 공동체의 경계는 끊임없이 요동했다. 형제애 공동체는 자유와 평등을 지지하는 지상의 모든 이들로 확장될 수 있었지만 실제로는 전제정과 신분제에서 벗어난 평등한 국민, 조국을 지키기 위해 무장한 형제들을 지칭했고 자코뱅 시기에는 거짓 형제를 추방하는 급진적 자코뱅과 상퀼로트 투사들로 축소되었다. 혁명가들의 이 ‘상상된 공동체’에서 여성의 위치는 무엇이었을까? 이 글은 혁명기 여성들이 형제애의 공유와 정치적 시민권을 단일한 시각으로 바라보지 않았다는 것에 주목하고 여성들이 어떤 방식으로 형제애 공동체의 일원이 되고자 했는지 살펴본다. 많은 여성은 어머니 곧 ‘형제애의 보증인’으로서 형제애 공동체의 주변부에 머물렀으나 다른 여성들은 무장을 통해 형제애 공동체의 시민권을 얻고자 했다. 또 다른 여성들은 어머니의 역할을 확장함으로써 남성과는 다른 그러나 동등한 정치적 실천을 통해 형제애 공동체를 새롭게 정의하려 했다. This article examines the relationship between the concept of ‘fraternity,’ the third word of the French Republic slogan, ‘Liberty, equality, fraternity,’ and the role of women during the French Revolution. The concept of fraternity during the French Revolution, as can be seen in the ‘fédérations,’ primarily referred to the political ties between armed citizen-soldiers. However, the boundaries of this fraternity community were constantly fluctuating with the rising and falling hopes and passions aroused by the Revolution’s events, in addition to the resultant divisions and confrontations. The community of fraternity could theoretically expand to every individual on earth who advocated freedom and equality, but in reality, it only referred to equal individuals who were freed from despotism and from the Estate system, and who joined together as brothers in arms who sought to defend their country. During the Jacobin period, this community of fraternity was reduced to the radical Jacobins and Sans-culottes militants who expelled false brothers. However, what was the position of women in this “imagined community” of revolutionaries? This article’s analysis finds that women did not view their participation in this fraternity and their political citizenship from a single vantage point, and examines how women sought to become a part of this fraternity community. Many women remained on its periphery as mothers, or ‘guarantors of fraternity,’ but other women sought to obtain citizenship in the community by choosing to directly bear arms. Still others, by expanding their role of mothers, sought to redefine the community of fraternity by engaging in political practices which were different from those of the men, yet still equal. (Seoul Women’s University / mituns@swu.ac.kr)

이규보(李奎報) 배율연구(排律硏究)(3) - 치사(致仕) 이후(以後)를 중심(中心)으로

이희영 ( Lee¸ Hee-young ) 한국어문학국제학술포럼 2021 Journal of Korean Culture Vol.54 No.-

본고는 致仕 이후 李奎報(1168-1241) 배율에서 보이는 작품세계의 양상을 확인하고자 하였다. 이 시기 이규보 배율은 자신의 서정을 읊는 내용보다는 교유의 수단으로 활용하는 경향성을 확인하게 한다. 그는 座主와 門生의 모임 落成式 등과 같은 자리 및 奉贈해야 하는 의례적 상황에서 배율을 짓고, 이를 통하여 중후한 정서를 드러내며 상대에 대한 존중의 의미를 전달하고자 하였다. 다음으로 조정에서 함께 일했던 동료 문인 및 동년들과 次韻相酬하는 과정에서 배율을 짓고, 그들과 진솔한 감정을 나누고자 하였다. 상대와 자신의 오래된 인연과 친분, 그리고 상황을 對仗의 형식으로 다양하게 보여주었다. 끝으로 지적 유희의 수단으로 배율을 활용하는 경향성을 확인하였다. 배율의 시체는 對仗을 연속하여 사용하기 때문에, 편폭이 길어지거나 回文體와 같은 형식의 추가는 상대에게 많은 부담을 준다. 노년에도 장편 회문 배율과 연작 배율의 창작은, 이규보의 作詩 과정이 몸의 어려움을 잊게 할 정도의 즐거움이었다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 동료들과 시를 주고받는 과정을 통하여 삶의 활력을 얻고 오락으로서 즐기는 지적 유희의 한 경향성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이규보가 전 생애에 걸쳐 作詩한 배율의 한시사적 의의는, 이러한 중국 배율시의 흐름을 인식한 가운데 이뤄져야 명확해질 것이다. 아울러 이를 통하여 한 걸음 더 나아가 고려시대 배율을 수용하고 활용하는 측면까지도 확인할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 대한 논의는 다음의 과제로 미룬다. This study set out to examine the patterns of Lee Gyu-bo(1168-1241)'s creative world in his metrical poems after his resignation. After resigning from office, Lee showed a tendency of creating metrical poems as a means of seeking social intercourse rather than expressing his feelings. He wrote metrical poems at gatherings of Jwajus and Munsaengs, events such as Nakseongsik, and ceremonial situations demanding Bongjeung, trying to reveal solemn emotions and convey his respect for others. Next, he also created metrical poems in the process of Chawoonsangsu with his colleague literary men and fellows that he worked with at the royal court, trying to share honest feelings with them. He exhibited his long relationships, closeness and situations with others in various forms of Daejang. Finally, Lee had a tendency of using metrical poetry as a means of intellectual play. Since the poetic style of metric poems uses Daejang consecutively, they become prolonged in Pyeonpok or impose a huge burden on others through the addition of Hoimunche. Lee continued to write long Hoimuns and metrical poems and even series of metrical poems in old age, which indicates that he found enough joy in the process of writing a poem to forget about his physical difficulties. The findings of the study confirm Lee's tendency of getting the vitality of life and enjoying intellectual play as entertainment by exchanging poems with his colleagues.

1910년대 한글 편지의 사회·종교적 상황과 어휘 분석 - 김병권 언간의 번역과 주석을 중심으로

이희영 ( Lee¸ Hee-young ) 경희대학교 인문학연구원 2021 인문학연구 Vol.- No.48

본고에서는 『고국으로 돌아온 한글편지-레슬리 송 기증』(2018, 국립한글박물관)의 김장연 일가 편지 중 <김병권 편지1,2,3>의 어휘를 분석하여 일반 편지에서 발견되는 당시의 언어적 특성을 연구함과 동시에 편지가 담고 있는 사회적 상황을 조망해 보았다. 이 편지들은 초기 한인 이주의 단면과 더불어 당시 수원 지방의 남감리교 포교 현황을 담고 있어 기존의 한글 자료들과 구별되는 사회적 특징을 가지고 있다. 이는 그만큼 이 편지들이 지니는 사회문화적 가치가 높음을 말해주는 일이라 하겠다. This paper aims to analyze linguistic features and observe social and religious aspects of Hangul letters written by Kim Byung-gwon in 1910. These letters also shows the early South methodist churches’ missionary activities in Suwon area, so they have value distinguished from other Hangul letters. They are very valuable in respect of social and cultural view.

The Mediating Effect of Socio-Cultural Attitude towards Appearance on the Appearance Interest in the Relationship between Acne Perception and Appearance Satisfaction

Heeyoung Lee(Heeyoung Lee),Eunsook Kim(Eunsook Kim) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Protection Convergence Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine and understand the mediating effect of socio-cultural attitude towards appearance on the appearance interest in the relationship between acne perception and appearance satisfaction, and provide a practical assistance for the programs for the acne skin in the beauty industry and market. Method: In this study, the statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs of 282 online questionnaires for the subjects with acne skin. Results: As for the results of this study, the socio-cultural attitude towards appearance has had a positively significant impact on the appearance interest(β=.453, p<.001), acne perception(β=.149, p<.05), and appearance satisfaction(β=.535, p<. 001), and the direct effect of socio-cultural attitude towards appearance on the appearance satisfaction was negatively significant(β=-.362, p<.001), while having a positively significant effect on the acne perception(β=.149, p<.05). Furthermore, in the relationship between the socio-cultural attitude towards appearance and appearance satisfaction, the interest in appearance demonstrated a positive mediating effect. This is a result demonstrating that if a person's socio-cultural attitude towards appearance is large, he or she can directly cause dissatisfaction with one's appearance, yet if one's interest in the appearance is raised before then, the appearance satisfaction might also be increased as a result. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that the larger the socio-cultural attitude towards the appearance, the larger the appearance interest and acne perception scores, and the larger the appearance interest, the larger the appearance satisfaction. Meanwhile, the socio-cultural attitude towards appearance negatively and significantly impacts the appearance satisfaction. Hence, it is apparent that the overall appearance is important as it impacts the appearance interest, not the skin type, and when consulting with the customers with acne skin, it is necessary to present the direction of interest in the appearance and suggest that it is also important to accurately perceive one's own skin condition. Through which, it is intended that the direction of social and cultural attitude towards appearance and interest in the appearance are presented to provide the services desired by consumers to increase their satisfaction with their appearance, and furthermore, provide assistance for the practical on-site management programs and counseling skills for acne skin in the medical skin care beauty industry and market.

Analysis of Socio-Cultural Attitude towards Appearance and Related of MZ Generation Using Potential Profile Analysis

Heeyoung Lee(Heeyoung Lee),Eunsook Kim(Eunsook Kim) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Public Value Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and understand the types of consumers in their teens through their 30s who care for their appearance by analyzing the socio-cultural attitude types and related factors towards appearance using the potential profile analysis, and provide a practical assistance for marketing in line with the consumer type. Method: In this study, 520 online questionnaires were collected from among those in their teens and their 30s, and using SPSS 25ver and M-plus 7.0 programs, the basic analyses including frequency analysis, descriptive sta-tistical analysis, etc., as well as appearance using potential profile analysis were performed while cross-analysis and variance analysis were performed to identify differences in major variables according to the socio-cultural attitude type related classification and derived types. Results: First, as a result of the potential profile analysis, 4 groups were found to be the most appropriate, and the graphs were named 'overall low group', 'media awareness centric group', 'overall high group', and 'other perspective centric group'. As the main results of the difference test, the older the age group and the more office workers, the more likely they were to belong to the group that emphasized the point of view of others, while the interest in skin beauty and appearance were highly likely to belong to the general high-class and media aware-ness-centric group. That is, in the Korean society, there is a culture that emphasizes how you appear to others rather than yourself as you get older and enter social life, but this tendency does not have a positive effect on your interest in skin care or appearance. Whereas, such tendency can be interpreted as not having a positive effect on interest in skin beauty or appearance. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the age group which entered society and occupation, etc. are highly likely to belong to the other-centric group because appearance is important, but the interest in ap-pearance and skin beauty tends to be higher in the media recognition-centric group. It can be seen that when it comes to taking care of one's appearance, it is more important for one to recognize the necessity through the media than to emphasize the interest of others. Hence, through this study, it is intended to be used as a promo-tional marketing strategy and provide services desired by consumers to increase their satisfaction and assistance lead to their reuse.

Effects of 6 Month Tai Chi Exercise on Osteoporosis Self-efficacy, Physical Strength and Bone Mineral Density of Menopausal Women

Heeyoung So,Sukhee Ahn,Rhayun Song,Hyunli Kim,Kyungok Oh,Insook Park,Dalsuk Kim,Jongim Kim,Taesuk Kim 한국간호과학회 2007 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.11

What Are Friends for: Shifting the Focus of Social Relationships to Their Instrumentality as a Response to Future Anxiety

Heeyoung Yoon(윤희영),Haejoo Han(한혜주),Kyoungmi Lee(이경미) 한국마케팅학회 2020 마케팅연구 Vol.35 No.2

미래에 대한 불안감은 목표 지향적인 행동과 연관이 있을 뿐 아니라, 인생에서 발생하는 다양한 사건들에 대한 불확실성과 예측 불가능함에 대한 걱정을 내포하고 있다. 본 연구는 미래에 대한 불안감이 개인으로 하여금 사회적 관계에 대한 도구적인 가치 인식을 증가시킬 수 있음을 제안한다. 구체적으로, 개인이 자신의 미래에 대해 불안감을 많이 느낄 수록, 이들은 자신이 인적 관계에서 획득할 수 있는 도구적이고 수단적인 도움에 대한 가치가 더 높다고 인지할 수 있고, 결과적으로 새로운 사람들을 만날 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 경험에 대해 보다 긍정적인 태도를 보인다. 본 연구는 미래에 대한 불안감이 소비자들로 하여금 사회적 관계를 향후에 발생할 수 있는 일들에 대비하기위한 수단으로서 볼 수 있게 함으로서, 결과적으로 소비자들이 고립되기보다 서로 모이게 할 수 있음을 보여 주는 최초의 연구이다. This research suggests that future anxiety heightens the perceived instrumental value of social relationships. As individuals feel more anxious about their future, their appreciation for the instrumental support from a relationship intensifies, and they are likely to show more positive attitudes toward an experience that provides an opportunity to meet new people. The current investigation is the first to show that people’s future anxiety can pull them together (rather than isolate them) by making people view social ties as a means of preparing for the future. Indeed, future anxiety is not only related to goal-directed behaviors, but also inevitably entails concerns about uncertainty and unpredictability regarding life events.

A Study on Fluid Intake among Nursing Home Residents

Heeyoung Oh,Heayoung Ahn,Eunkyung Kim,Myunghaeng Hur,Eunsil Park 한국간호과학회 2005 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.10

Development and Analysis of the Effects of Caregiver Training Program on Aggressive Behavior in Elders with Cognitive Impairment

Heeyoung Oh,Myung-Haeng Hur,Miran Eom 한국간호과학회 2005 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.35 No.4