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CT and MRI Findings of Low-Flow Mediastinal Vascular Malformation: A Case Report
Hanlim Song,Mi Sook Lee,Soo-yeon Jeong 대한영상의학회 2024 대한영상의학회지 Vol.85 No.1
Mediastinal vascular malformations are rare and their diagnosis can be challenging. Imaging is vital for diagnosing mediastinal vascular malformations and can help avoid unnecessary invasive procedures. Herein, we report the detailed CT and MRI findings of a rare low-flow mediastinal vascular malformation in an asymptomatic 63-year-old male.
Hanlim Moon 대한임상약리학회 2022 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.30 No.2
When anticancer drugs are developed, the frst-time-in-human study is initiated withdose escalation to fnd the best dose for the subsequent development. In this stage, theassumption of the optimal dose is the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) which was wellapplied to cytotoxic agents since those drugs show a steep dose-response relationship. Themore drug administered, the greater the tumor cell die as far as the human body is tolerated. These days, most new anticancer drugs are targeted agents that inhibit molecular pathwaysof proliferation in cancer cells or inhibit their death. For these agents, dosing at the MTDis ofen inappropriate. Higher doses lead to of-target efects: toxicity, dose interruptions,and reduced compliance, while much lower doses result in good tumor response with muchlower toxicity and better drug compliance. Nevertheless, most new targeted anticanceragents are still tested in early phase clinical trials to determine the MTD without incremental beneft and that dose is carried forward into late-stage studies. Therefore, some groups ofoncologists have suggested the optimal dose of a new anticancer drug would be determinedbest through a randomized dose-ranging phase II trial [1]. Recently FDA and manystakeholders including Friends of Cancer Research have started to advocate the conceptand implementation in the early drug development process [2,3]. In this commentary,issues from conventional dose fndings in early phase oncology trials and suggestions andrecommendations by Friends of Cancer Research and FDA initiatives with a case of sotorasibare addressed.