Lubrication Aspects during Single Point Incremental Forming for Steel and Aluminum Materials

Nelson Gil Azevedo,João Sá Farias,Ricardo Pereira Bastos,Pedro Teixeira,João Paulo Davim,Ricardo Jose Alves de Sousa 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

Over the past few years, Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) has been mainly studied regarding formability, forming forcesinvolved and the dimensional accuracy achieved in the final product. As in any other metal forming process, the choice of thelubricant depends on the deformation mechanisms that characterize the process, the roughness of the material involved and on theprocess parameters. Despite the recent developments on SPIF, little attention has been paid to the influence of lubricants used duringthe process. This study intends to evaluate the influence of the type of lubricant used in SPIF process, particularly on aluminum 1050and DP780 steel sheets, in what concerns the surface quality of final parts. To do so, tests were performed employing a range ofdistinct lubricants. Roughness tests were conducted to evaluate surface quality. Results show opposite trends for aluminum and steelin the sense that lubricants that guarantee better results in aluminum proved to have worse results in steel and vice-versa.

Cyclophosphamide가 흰쥐 혀침샘의 점액질에 미치는 영향에 대한 조직화학

조운복,정길남,조기진,이응희 釜山大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 2006 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.33 No.-

항암 및 항종양 치료제인 CP가 흰쥐의 혀 미각샘과 점액샘의 형태 및 그 분비물인 점액질에 미치는 영향을 PAS, AB pH 2.5, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0, AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 및 HID-AB pH 2.5 염색법으로 연구하였다. 1. CP군의 혀 미각샘의 형태적인 변화는 장액샘꽈리의 위축 및 파괴, 장액세포의 세포질과립의 감소 및 소실, 세포질의 공포변성 그리고 일부 도관상피세포의 점액화였으며, 혀 점액샘의 형태적 변화는 점액샘꽈리의 확장, 융합, 파괴, 점액세포의 세포질과립 감소 및 소실, 세포질의 공포변성 그리고 도관상칙의 현저한 점액화였다. 2. 혀 미각샘의 중성점액질이 대조군에 비해 현저히 감소하였으며 극소수의 미각샘세포에서 산성 점액질이 나타났다. 혀 점액샘의 중성점액질과 산성점액질은 대조군에 비해 다같이 현저히 감소하였고 산성점액질 중 sulfomucin은 현저히 감소하였으나 sialomucin은 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. The effect of cyclophophamide(CP) on the mucins of rat lingual salivary gland was examined by prelectin histochemical methods. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 250-300 gm were divided into control and CP groups. Control group was administrated by only drinking water for one week, CP group which was admirdstrated by 0.04% CP in the drinking water for one week. Mucins properties were stained with PAS, AB pH 2.5, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0, AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 and HID-AB pH 2.5 methods. 1. For the morphologic changes, the lingual gustatory glands of CP group, compared with the control group, were noted atrophy of serous adrd, decrease and disapperance of zymogen granules and vacuolation tn the serous cell. The mucification of duct cells was appeared in CP group. And the lingual mucous glands of CP group, compared with the control group, showed atrophy of mucous acini, and decrease of mudgen granules in mucous cells. Especially, many enlarged, fused mucous acini, and vacuolated mucous cells were detected. The mucification of duct cells increased very notably in CP group. 2. Neutral mucin of the lingual gustatory gland, and add and neutral mucins of lingual mucous gland decreased very remarkably in CP group compared with the control group. Especially, the decrease of acid mucin was more remarkable than that of neutral mucin in the mucous gland. But, in CP group, the mucous cells which secrete sulfomudn decreased, and the mucous cells which secrete sialomucin increased remarkably.

개조개,백합,피조개 및 꼬막 발의 복합당질에 대한 Lectin 결합양상, Alkaline 및 Acid Phosphatase 분포에 관한 조직화학적 연구

조운복,강미경,정길남 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2005 교사교육연구 Vol.44 No.-

Lectin binding patterns of glycoconjugates of the foot of Saxidomus purpuratus, Meretrix lusoria, Scapharca broughtonii and Tegillarca granosa were studied lectin methods, i.e., 9 kinds of biotinylated lectins (DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL-1, RCA-1, sWGA, UEA-1, LCA and ConA). The activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases of the foot in these species were studied with modified Gomori's methods. Lectin binding patterns of glycoconjugates was different according to shellfish species, and protions of the foots. Lectin binding patterns of the epithelial cilia of the foots showed 9 biotinylated lectins binding in Saxidomus purpuratus, 8 biotinylated lectins binding except SBA in Meretrix lusoria, DBA, PNA, RCA-1 and LCA binding in Scapharca broughtonii and lectins of UEA-1, LCA, and ConA binding in Tegillarca granosa. Especially, these cilia showed moderate or moderate to intense with SBA and BSL-1 binding in Saxidomus purpuratus, and DBA binding in Scapharca broughtonii and Meretrix lusoria, respectively, but moderate with LCA binding in Tegillarca granosa. The cytoplasm of the foot epithelial cells appeared 6 lectins binding except SBA, UEA-1 and RCA-1 in Tegillarca granosa, while 9 lectins binding in other species. Especially, these cytoplasm showed a moderate with ConA binding in Tegillarca granosa, sWGA binding in Meretrix lusoria, LCA, sWGA, RCA-1 and PNA binding in Scapharca broughtonii, but moderate to intense with LCA binding in Saxidomus purpuratus, and DBA and LCA binding in Meretrix lusoria. Lectin binding patterns of glycoconjugates in the duct and mucous acini of the foot glands occurred 5 lectins affinity except PNA, sWGA, UEA-1, LCA and ConA in Saxidomus purpuratus, 8 lectins affinity except RCA-1 in Tegillarca granosa, and 9 lectins affinity in other speices. These mucous acini occurred intense with sWGA binding, moderate with BSL-1 and SBA in Scapharca broughtonii, and moderate to intense with sWGA in Saxidomus purpuratus, with BLS-1, RCA and sWGA in Meretrix lusoria, with SBA and BSL-1 in Tegillarca granosa, but moderate with DBA, ConA and sWGA in Tegillarca granosa. In the intraepithelial duct of these glands, sWGA binding was weak to moderate in Saxidomus purpuratus, and moderate in other species. These ducts showed a moderate affinity for SBA, PNA and RCA-1 in Scapharca broughtonii, ConA in Tegillarca granosa, and UEA-1 in Meretrix lusoria. On the other hand, the ducts of these glands within connective tissue showed a moderate to intense affinity for RCA-1 in Meretrix lusoria, a moderate affinity for SBA and sWGA in Scapharca broughtonii, and DBA, SBA, sWGA and ConA in Tegillarca granosa. In the granules of connective tissue, a weak to moderate affinity for only sWGA was found in Scapharca broughtonii. But in Tegillarca granosa, DBA, SBA, BSL-1, LCA and ConA binding were detected and DBA, SBA and BSL-1 was moderate to intense. Activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases of the epithelial cilia occurred presented faint in Meretrix lusoria, weak in Scapharca broughtonii and Tegillarca granosa. In the cytoplasms of epithelil cells, these activities were trace to weak in Saxidomus purpuratus and Meretrix lusoria, weak to moderate in Scapharca broughtonii and Tegillarca granosa. In the epithelial ducts of these glands, the activities were faint in Saxidomus purpuratus and Meretrix lusoria. In mucous acini and granules of connective tissue, the activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases were weak to moderate in only Scapharca broughtonii and Tegillarca granosa. 개조개, 백합, 피조개 및 꼬막 발의 복합당질 성상은 DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL-1, RCA-1, sWGA, UEA-1, LCA 및 Con A등 9종의 biotinylated lectin을 이용한 lectin 조직화학법 그리고 alkaline 및 acid phosphatase의 활성은 Gomori변법으로 관찰하였다. 복합당질에 대한 lectin의 결합 양상은 조개 종 및 부위에 따라 차이가 있었다. 상피세포의 섬모에 대한 lectin의 결합 양상은 개조개는 9종 lectin 모두, 백합은 SBA를 제외한 8종 lectin에, 피조개는 DBA, PNA, RCA-1, 및 LCA 4종 lectin에, 꼬막은 UEA-1, LCA 및 Con A 3종 lectin에 반응하였으며 개조개는 SBA 및 BSL-1에, 백합과 피조개는 DBA에 중등도 내지 강한 반응 또는 중등도 반응을, 그리고 꼬막은 LCA에 중등도 반응을 나타내었다. 상피세포의 세포질은 꼬막은 SBA, UEA-1 및 RCA-1를 제외한 6종 lectin에 그외 종은 9종 lectin 모두 반응하였으며 꼬막은 Con A에, 백합은 sWGA에, 피조개는 LCA, sWGA, RCA-1 PNA 및 DBA에 중등도 반응을, 그리고 개조개는 LCA에, 백합은 DBA에 중등도 내지 강한 반응을 나타내었다. 발샘 도관 및 점액샘꽈리 복합당질에 대한 lectin의 결합 양상을 보면 개조개는 PNA, sWGA, UEA-1, LCA, Con A 5종 lectin에, 꼬막은 RCA-1을 제외한 8종 lectin에, 그 외 종에서는 9종 lectin 모두에 반응하였다. 발샘의 점액샘꽈리는 피조개에서 sWGA에 강한 반응을, BSL-1 및 SBA에 중등도 반응을, 개조개에서는 sWGA에, 백합은 BSL-1, RCA 및 sWGA에 중등도 및 강한 반응을 나타내었으며, 꼬막은 SBA 및 BSL-1에 중등도 내지 강한 반응을, DBA, Con A 및 sWGA에 중등도 반응을 나타내었다. 도관에서 sWGA는 개조개에서 약한 반응 내지 중등도 반응을, 그 외 종에서는 중등도 반응을, SBA는 피조개에서, Con A는 꼬막에서 중등도 반응을 나타내었으며 결합조직 발샘 도관에서 백합은 RCA-1에 중등도 내지 강한 반응을, 꼬막은 SBA와 Con A에 중등도 반응을 나타내었다. 결합조직 과립은 피조개에 sWGA에만 약한 반응 내지 중등도 반응을 나타내었으나 꼬막에서는 DBA, SBA, BSL-1, LCA 및 Con A 5종 lectin에 반응 하였으며 DBA, SBA 및 BSL-1에 중등도 내지 강한 반응을 나타내었다. Alkaline 및 acid phosphatase의 활성은 상피세포의 섬모에서 개조개와 백합은 미약한 반응을, 피조개와 꼬막은 약한 반응을 나타내었으나, 세포질에서 개조개와 백합은 미약한 반응 내지 약한 반응을, 피조개와 꼬막은 약한 반응 내지 중등도 반응을 나타내었다. 상피의 발샘 도관은 개조개와 백합에서 미약한 반응을, 발샘의 도관과 점액샘꽈리 및 결합조직 과립은 피조개와 꼬막만 약한 반응 내지 중등도 반응을 나타내었다.

편백 잎(葉) 정유 성분의 항균(抗菌)활성 물질 분석

조종수,김사익,윤승락,노정관,나종범,김동귀,최길동 진주산업대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2007 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.14

To investigate the antimicrobial effects of essential oil in the leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa extractives by paper disc method, the extractives were fractionated into four portions. In antimicrobial test, essential oil in the leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa was found to have strong inhibitory effects against the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. A part of analyzed inhibition components of essential oil in the leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa from GC-MS was supposed to be α,β-pinene, α-terpinolene, camphor, β-myrcene, 1-α-terpinolene, 4-thujen-2-α-yl, limonene, Cardinene.

흰쥐 혀 침샘 점액질에 미치는 paraquat 독성에 대한 녹차의 완화효과

조운복,정길남,조기진 釜山大學校 師範大學 2003 교사교육연구 Vol.42 No.-

흰쥐의 혀 미각샘 및 점액샘과 그 점액질에 미치는 paraquat 독성과 녹차의 paraquat 독성완화 효과를 대조군, paraquat 투여군, Paraquat-녹차 투여군, 녹차 3주 투여후 paraquat-녹차 투여군으로 나누어 prelectin 조직화학법으로 연구하였다. Paraquat 투여군 미각샘은 대조군에 비해 장액샘꽈리 위축, 장액세포의 과립의 감소 및 소실, 공포변성 등이, 점액샘은 점액샘꽈리의 위축, 확장 또는 융합, 점액세포의 과립의 감소, 공포변성 및 미성숙 샘꽈리 등이 대조군에 비해 많이 관찰되었다. 미각샘 및 점액샘 도관상피의 점액화도 관찰되었다. Paraquat-녹차 투여군과 녹차 3주 투여후 paraquat-녹차 투여군에서는 paraquat 투여군의 미각샘과 점액샘의 형태적 변화가 대조군으로 회복되는 경향을 나타내었으며 후자에서 더 현저하였다. Paraquat 투여군의 미각샘의 중성점액질과 점액샘의 산성 및 중성점액질 양이 대조군에 비해 현저히 감소하였다 Paraquat 투여군의 혀 점액샘에서 sulfomucin을 분비하는 점액세포는 대조군에 비해 현저히 감소하였으나 sialomucin을 분비하는 점액세포는 오히려 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Paraquat-녹차 투여군과 녹차 3주 투여후 paraquat-녹차 투여군에서 대조군으로 회복되는 경향을 보였으며 후자에서 더 현저하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 paraquat는 혀 미각샘 및 점액샘과 그 분비물인 점액질에 강한 독성을 나타내며 이 독성에 대해 녹차가 완화효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있고 녹차 3주 투여후 paraquat-녹차 투여군에서 녹차-paraquat 투여군보다 완화효과가 더 크게 나타나는 것으로 보아 paraquat 독성에 대한 완화효과는 녹차를 투여하는 시기와 그 양에 따라 더 효과가 있고 녹차에 paraquat 독성 발현억제 및 예방물질이 있음이 사료되어진다. Paraquat toxicity and the alleviating effects of green tea on the toxicity to the rat lingual mucins were investigated through prelectin histochemical methods. Mucosubstances properties were stained with PAS, AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 and HID-AB pH 2.5 methods. Sprague-Dawley male adult rats(250∼300g) were divided into one control group and three experimental groups, DP group which was administrated by only 0.04% paraquat in the drinking water for one week, GP group which was fed by both 0.04% paraquat and 3% green tea for one week, and GGP group which was applied with both 0.04% paraquat and 3% green tea for one week after 3% green tea in the drinking water was dosed for three weeks. For the morphological changes, the lingual gustatory glands of DP group, compared with the control group, were noted atrophy of serous acini, decrease and disappearance of zymogen granules, and vacuolation in the serous cells. And the lingual mucous glands of DP group showed atrophy of mucous acini, and decrease of mucigen granules. Especially, many enlarged, fused mucous acini, and vacuolated mucous cells were detected. Mucification of duct cells increased very notably in DP group. The groups of feeding green tea showed recovering tendency. The recovery degree of GGP group was greater than that of GP group. And GGP group recovered almost up to the state of the control group. Neutral mucin of the gustatory gland, and acid and neutral mucins of mucous gland decreased very notably in DP group compared with the control group. The decrease of acid mucin was more notable than that of neutral mucin in the mucous gland. And DP group showed that the mucous acini which secrete strong sulfomucin decreased, but the mucous acini which secrete sialomucin increased remarkably. GP and GGP group appeared the recovering tendency to the control group. The recovery of GGP group, comparing the degree, was more remarkable than that of GP group. And GGP group recovered almost up to the state of the control group. Consequently, the above results suggest that paraquat exhibites the toxicity which affects the histological structure and mucosubstances properties in the lingual salivary glands, and also suggest that green tea alleviates this toxicity. The different results of recovering tendency of paraquat toxicity in GP and GGP group indicate that the alleviating effects of green tea on paraquat toxicity to the histological structure and mucosubstances in the lingual salivary glands depend on the dosing time and the amount of green tea. Furthermore, green tea is presumed to have effects to recover from paraquat toxicity, to suppress exhibition of paraquat toxicity and to prevent paraquat toxicity.

성인의 천미추부 종괴

조길환,이백권,장도명,김영진,안상태 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.3

We developed an animal model to recreate the condition of an open fracture in communication with the maxillary sinus. We then studied wound healing of the sinus wall structures following fracture in the presence of autogenous bone and alloplastic implant. This model is designed to simulate the repair of an orbital floor fracture in humans. The New Zealand White rabbit was used as the animal model. Standardized 8mm defects were made bilaterally in the maxillary sinuses to include bone and mucosa in 36 rabbits. Two different implants and autogenous calvarial bone graft were placed in the soft-tissue pockets to obturate the defects, exposing one surface of the implant to the open sinus. Medpor porous polyethylene, silicone and calvarial bone implant were compared. Animals were killed at 1, 2 and 8 weeks after implantation. Gross examination of the specimens for the amount of mucosal closure and implant tissue fixation was performed. Histological sections were evaluated for bone and soft-tissue morphology juxtaposed to the implant. Complete closure of the mucosal defect was demonstrated with each type of implant. Medpor implants showed both vascular and soft-tissue ingrowth into pores by week 1. Bone ingrowth was seen by week 2. Closure of the Medpor obturated defects occurred more rapidly than in the silicone group. The Medpor implants and calvarial bone demonstrated bone and soft-tissue fixation, callus formation and maturation, while mature overlying mucosa was reconstituted over the defects. Silicone implants demonstrated a fibrous tissue reaction within 1 week of implantation and they never became fixed to bone or soft tissue. Maxillary sinus wall regeneration occurred in all defects. This study supports clinical observations of maxillary sinus wall regeneration in humans. Although sacrococcygeal mass is rare and usually found in infants or children, adolescent or adult patients with protruding mass in sacrococcygeal region occasionally come to us simply for a cosmetic problem. In this situation, even though there is no definite neurological deficit, it should be evaluated whether or not the underlying bony pathology or dural defect exists. Few cases about the sacrococcygeal mass have been reported in adults. We reviewed our cases including preoperative evaluation methods and postoperative diagnosis. From March, 1993 to February, 1997, we experienced 6 adult patients with sacrococcygeal mass and no neurological abnormality. Preoperative evaluation were made by plain X-ray, myelogram, computed tomography(CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as needed. Postoperative diagnoses were 2 meningoceles, 2 lipomyelomeningoceles, 1 desmoid tumor, and 1 teratoma. From our experiences, CT or MRI is essential to evaluate the sacrococcygeal mass preoperatively. These methods can visualize the precise anatomic location and extent of the mass, its relation to the spinal cord, and associated bony abnormalities. MRI is superior to CT, especially in defining the nature of the mass and involvement of the spinal cord. Conclusively, even a simple mass in the sacrococcygeal region in adults needs MRI or CT evaluation, and MRI is the most valuable method of evaluating the mass preoperatively and provides important information to establish a treatment plan.

레지오 에밀리아 접근법에 나타난 발현적 교육과정에 대한 연구

조길자 조선대학교 학생지도연구소 2004 生活指導硏究 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyse how the emergent curriculum, appeared as a result of the activities of 6 projects based on Reggio Emillia Approach, is formed in early childhood educational settings. In more detail, the aims of the study are to: 1) Examine how infants generate by themselves teaching and learning activities by participating in the process of the projects based on Reggio Emillia Approach. 2) Analyse how appropriately teachers develop by themselves teaching strategies updating teaching and learning activities by applying the projects, based on Reggio Emillia Approach, to early childhood educational settings. For the purpose of the study, 7 project including preliminary studies are conducted from March to October, 2002. 7 infants attending Y kindergarten located in Hampyeong are observed. The whole process of the projects adopted in the study is examined using various observation skills such as recordings, proper documentation and video tapping. The results found in the study largely indicate that infants and teachers are likely to play very important roles as active participants in generating the emergent curriculum as well as in developing proper teaching strategies. It is suggested that some ideas emphasized in Reggio Emillia Approach, such as promoting infants' self leading studies. learning by having educational experience, encouraging infants' educational curiosity, the importance of proper educational questions raised by teachers, teachers' careful monitoring of infants' performance and the recurrent examination of discussion and representations given by infants, need to be taken into account significantly in developing the early childhood curriculum.

심판판정이 핸드볼 경기에 미치는 영향

박천조,이후봉,백상서,김경진,안길영 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

This study has been conducted to offer as a reference material for follow-up research by other handball related researchers in this field study about handball. Knowing that the decision of the referees play a big role in the result of the game, we hope this study pave the way for future researchers, To achieve these goals, this study was selected with professional and amateur handball players as control group. The data were analized by One-way ANOVA and Multful regression using SPSS 11.0 for windows, This study resulted as the following : These decision of the referees differed according to the sex of the handball players. Female handball players showed a more positive attitude toward the referees decisions, Also, female and male handball players all thought the referees decision affect the result of the game but in particular, female players thought the referees were stricter than to male players, Meanwhile, according to the result of the survey of the relationship between the players awareness and experience, it turns out that the quality of the game resulted from the quality of the referees, After analyzing the awareness of players, tit was found that a crucial amount of the players consciousness was affected by the attitude of the referees. In this sense, handball players tend to become overly sensitive to the referees that, handball players. The analysis also represents the players consciousness to the referees but at the same time no findings proved that there is a certain impact on the result of the game. According to the results of this surrey, the handball players showed little confidence for the referees and this affects the result of the game. However when it comes to the impact of the referees on the game, the decision of the referees have consistency in making decisions of the game, and this has no actual affect on the result of the game. The reason these results come out is because it's a characteristic of handball but further analysis and theories should be made.

전어,볼락,말쥐치 혀의 조직학적 구조 및 Glycoconjugates에 대한 Prelectin 조직화학

정길남,강미경,조운복 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2006 교사교육연구 Vol.45 No.-

경골어류인 전어, 볼락 및 말쥐치 혀의 구조는 H-E 염색, PAS 염색 및 AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 염색으로, 혀 점액질 성상은 AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 0.4, PAS, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0-PAS 및 AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 염색으로 검색하였다. 1. 전어, 볼락 및 말쥐치 혀의 상피는 중층편평상피로 구성되며 점액세포들이 전어에서 혀 등쪽상피세포사이에, 볼락과 말쥐치에서 등쪽면과 하면 상피세포사이에 분포하며 모든 어종에서 등쪽면에 더 많이 분포하고 점액세포 수는 볼락에서 제일 많고 그 다음이 말쥐치, 전어였다. 2. 혀 결합조직은 전어는 섬유연골판, 탄성연골판 및 초자연골판으로, 볼락은 섬유연골판, 큰 상피양소체, 백색지방조직 및 초자연골판으로, 말쥐치는 섬유결합조직판으로 구성되어 있었다. 3. 혀 점액세포는 말쥐치는 neutral GCs만을 함유하나 전어와 볼락은 acid GCs와 neutral GCs가 다같이 나타나며 전어는 acid GCs의 양이 많았다. 전어는 nonsulfated GCs 양이 sulfated GCs 양보다 훨씬 더 많았으나 볼락은 sulfated GCs 양이 nonsulfated GCs 양 보다 더 많았다. 말쥐치는 neutral GCs만을 분비하는 점액세포 1종이, 전어는 nonsulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포, nonsulfated GCs와 sulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포 2종이, 볼락은 sulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포, sulfated GCs와 nonsulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포 및 nonsulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포 3종이 관찰되었다. 4. 혀 결합조직 GCs의 조직화학적 성상은 어종과 부위에 따라 차이가 있어 섬유연골판에서 전어 및 볼락은 sulfated GCs와 nonsulfated GCs가 관찰되었으며 전어는 sulfated GCs 양이 더 많았고 볼락은 nonsulfated GCs 양이 더 많았으나 말쥐치는 nonsulfated GCs만을 함유하고 있었다. 전어의 탄성연골판은 neutral GCs만을 함유하고 있었다. 초자연골판에서 전어는 sulfated GCs와 nonsulfated GCs의 혼합성이나 볼락은 sulfated GCs만을 함유하고 있었다. H-E, PAS and AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 staining techniques were applied to study structure of tongues in teleosts, i.e., Clupanodon punctatus, Sebastes inermis and Cantherines modestus. For distribution of lingual mucosubstances AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 0.4, PAS, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0-PAS and AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 stains were performed. 1. The linings of tongues in Clupanodon punctatus, Sebastes inermis and Cantherines modestus were mucous membranes consisting of stratified squamous epithelium with mucous cells. Mucous cells existed in the dorsal surface of lingual mucosa in Clupanodon punctatus, in the dorsal and inferior surface in Sebastes inermis and Cantherines modestus. Mucous cells occurred predominantly in the dorsal surface in the all kinds of fishes studied. Sebastes inermis had the highest number of mucous cells, followed by Cantherines modestus, Clupanodon punctatus. 2. The following lingual cartilages consisted: in Clupanodon punctatus, fibrous cartilage, elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage; in Sebastes inermis, fibrous cartilage, large epitheloid body, white fat tissue and hyaline cartilage; in Cantherines modestus, fibrous connective tissue. 3. Lingual mucous cells in Cantherines modestus contained only neutral GCs, while it contained both acid and neutral GCs in Clupanodon punctatus and Sebastes inermis. Clupanodon punctatus had much more acid GCs which consisted abundant nonsulfated than sulfated GCs. The following lingual mucous cell consisted: one kind of mucous cells secreting only neutral GCs in Cantherines modestus; two kinds of mucous cells secreting nonsulfated GCs and both nonsulfated and sulfated GCs in Clupanodon punctatus; three kinds of mucous cells secreting sulfated GCs, both sulfated and nonsulfated GCs, and nonsulfated GCs in Sebastes inermis. 4. Histochemical properties of GCs in lingual tissue have differences in species and regions. Fibrous cartilage in Clupanodon punctatus and Sebastes inermis had sulfated and nonsulfated GCs. It had only nonsulfated GCs in Cantherines modestus. Clupanodon punctatus had more sulfated than nonsulfated GCs, while Sebastes inermis had more nonsulfated GCs. Elastic cartilage in Clupanodon punctatus contained only neutral GCs. Hyaline cartilage had a mixtures of sulfated and nonsulfated GCs in Clupanodon punctatus, while it had only sulfated GCs in Sebastes inermis.

유희활동과 무용의 교육적 가치에 관한 연구

신길수,김조은 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.2

Dance have related with human beings since the beginning of human history and its power on human beings has the same importance in the past and present. Human history and leisure have coexisted. Leisure in ancient times is closely related with the manners of religious service, festivals, arts. It is expressed as a biological drive and instinct in dance and has been standardized as a systematic art with aesthetic elements. Based on the above background, obtained the conclusions as follows. First, the aspects of time and space in leisure coexist. The aspect of space in leisure agrees to the simultaneous aspect of dance in vertical aspect which is from the ancient times to the present or static aspect which offers a stage for a performance art. Second, leisure affected human beings directly through a sense of religious ceremonies or a sense of medical treatment, or personal or group dance and, as a result of, human beings could overcome anxiety or difficult reality and enter into a hopeful world. Third, dance, as the result of leisure instinct, is closely related with music which used repeated rhythm standardized and developed as a means of aesthetic expression with an artistic form of dance in all creative activities. Fourth, from an educational view, present dance offers students artistic experience in intellectual, emotional, creative aspects rather than practical utility such as physical development or enhancement of sports function and enables them to regard it as an educational means contributing to the establishment and cultivation of model image of man. Considering the history of dance, we can expect the best unfoldment of its past beauty and form, and an educational value contributes to the revival of remarkable artistic dance and to the establishment and cultivation of the model image of man.