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이근열 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2007 한국민족문화 Vol.29 No.-
This thesis focuses on reconstruction rightly etymology of wrung Busan place names. Ii is necesusey to consider synthetically relevance of place names, topographical place, peripheral place names, local dialect and cultural background for etymological study of place names. As a result study of Susan place names, this study can reorganize wrung etymology as follows. Susan was reorganized nut jeung-san' but different place names named sujeong-san'. As follows grounds. First, Susan was transcribed variously 'Busan(釜山)과 'Busan(富山)', second, peripheral big mountain as sujeong-san(水晶山)', Thirdly, at was mentioned 'Busangogi(釜山古基)' at the old record, fourthly, 'meori-seong', 'mari-seong' was existed at the 'sujeong-san', lastly 'suri' can Se changed 'sujeon' or 'sirs'. 'jang-san' was reorganized 'the must high mountain', 'ganbio-san' was reorganized 'mountain located a large ferry', 'kachigogea' was reorganized nut 'a pass being crows' but 'a low pass', 'osige' was reorganized 'a pass toward gambol'. Just to say Jaime', 'bea-san' was reorganized 'mountain located a castle'.
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이근열 釜山大學校 韓國民族文化硏究所 2009 한국민족문화 Vol.33 No.-
본 연구는 ‘갑우개, 굿개, 거북개’ 등의 다양한 어원으로 해석되는 구포관련 지명을 여러 지명 정보를 이용하여 새롭게 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 구포는 감동포, 구법포, 구복포 등 다양한 지명으로 불리며, 신라성인 의성이 있고 큰 하천인 덕천이 낙동강과 만나는 지점에 위치하고 있다. 특히 고대부터 대단위 주거 단지가 있었으며, 동래와 양산으로 향하는 길목으로 군사, 문화적으로 중요한 곳이었다. 구포를 단순히 거북이라는 한자음에 이끌려 해석하면 다양한 지명을 해석할 수 없고 관련 지명과 지물의 상관성을 설명할 수 없다. 여러 지명 정보를 이용하여 해석한 결과, 덕천은 큰 하천으로 이곳에 위치한 신라성인 의성은 ‘큰 성’으로 덕천에 위치한 성으로 보이며, 구법포는 큰 물이 갈라지는 곳에 위치한 나루로 해석되며 감동 포도 역시 ‘큰 갈래에 위치한 나루’로 구법포와 그 어원을 같이 한다. 구포는 구법포에서 2음절 지명으로 바뀐 것으로 해석할 수도 있지만, 두물머리인 이포에서 귀포로 바뀌고 이것이 거북 구로 바꾸어 정착된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 결국 구법포나 감동포, 구포는 두 물이 만나는 곳, 혹은 갈라지는 곳에 위치한 큰 나루라는 뜻으로 어원을 추정할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to newly indicate the place name about Gupo(龜浦) interpreted as various etymologies, Gapuge, Gutge, Geobukge etc. Gupo is named different place names, or Gamdongpo, Gubeoppo, Gubokpo and so on. It has the castle of Silla Uiseong(義城), and stands on the place where a great river, Teokcheon, joins the Nakdong-river. Because it has been the habitat keeping a lot of residence since the ancient times, and was the site headed for Dongre and Yangsan, Gupo was considered important militarily and culturally. If it is interpreted by the sound of Chinese characters simply, Gupo can be explained neither as various place names nor as the interrelationship of place names and natural and artificial objects on earth concerned. After using a variety of information on the place name and interpreting it, I suppose that Deokcheon may be a great river, Uiseong, a castle of Silla, be a big castle standing at Deokcheon, Gubeoppo and Gamdongpo be a ferry where a great river is separated. We can see that 2-syllable Gupo may be changed from Gubeoppo, but, at the same time, see that Gupo may be changed from Epo, meaning ‘Two river join together', and then might be named Geobok. In this way, we can suppose that Gubeoppo, Gamdongpo, and Gupo are a wide ferry located at the place where two rivers join, or are separated.
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P2P 프록시 캐싱을 이용한 VOD 시스템의 성능 향상
최치규,이근정,최창열,최황규 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2005 정보통신논문지 Vol.9 No.-
This paper proposes a new proxy caching scheme of VOD systems in P2P network environments. In our P2Proxy caching scheme, a proxy server is composed of a client group in which each client stores a part of stream receiving from a VOD server into its client buffer. Each streaming part of the clients is equal to a buffer size which is desired at request its hour. A single client receives the request stream from other clients as long as the parts of the stream are available in the client group. Otherwise, the missing parts of the stream which are not in the client group are directly received from the VOD server through another patching channel. In the experiments, we evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme and the result is compared with the existing P2P streaming systems.
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선명훈,박인선,조근열 인제대학교 지역사회의학연구소 1995 硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-
Musculoskeletal disorders are a major cause of occupational disabilities. Approximately thirty percent state that the major reason for an inability to work is a musculoskeletal problem. A farm work is associated with increased stress and trauma to joints. Chronic overuse injuries are a result of stresses that exceed the body's adaptive or healing capabilities. They can occur in bone, tendons and muscle-tendon-bone junctions. The aim of the investigation was to the study the frequency of pain, ache, and discomfort in the musculoskeletal system among farmers, to find possible correlations between these symptomes and various working positions and different working actions. A questionnaire was answered by 138 farmers. Of those who answered the questionnaire 82% had pain and discomfort from back, shoulders, arms in orders. The result showed the musculoskeletal pain predominate in the farming seasons, and of those who had pain and discomfort 89% thought that farm works had a correlation with the pain and discomfort of musculoskeletal system. But only 17% of questionnaire were put to periodic medical examinations, and 50% of those who had pain and discomfort consulted a doctor. Education in effective pain treatment should therefore be intensified to ascertain that farmers in rural areas have satisfactory knowledge of the musculoskeletal pain as a chronic overuse syndrome.
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허혈 및 재관류후 흰쥐 앞정강근과 가자미근에서 나타나는 미세구조와 SOD 활성의 변화
백두진,안동춘,황규성,김혜주,박철홍,정호삼,조근열 대한체질인류학회 1999 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.12 No.2
에너지 획득방법, 당원의 분포, 모세혈관의 분포 및 미세구조의 차이가 나는 백색근육섬유와 적색근육섬유에서 허혈시간에 따라 나타나는 미세구조의 변화와 SOD의 활성변동을 비교 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 앞정강근에서는 2시간 허혈시 사립체에서 바탕질의 전자밀도가 감소하고 사립체능선이 팽대하였고, 재관류 24시간 경과시에는 근육원섬유사이의 거리가 멀어지고 근육세포질세망의 수조와 종말수조가 팽대하였으며 재관류 72시간 경과시에는 정상대조군과 유사한 소견이 나타났다. 2. 가자미근에서 2시간 허혈시 사립체에서는 사렵체바탕질의 전자밀도가 감소하였으며, 재관류 24 시간 경과시는 근육세포질세망의 수조가 팽대하였고, 재관류 72시간 경과시에는 정상대조군과 유사하였다. 3. 4시간 및 6시간 허혈시 미세구조의 변화는 허혈시간과 재관류 시간경과에 따라 심해져 앞정강근에서는 사립체에서 바탕질의 전자밀도가 감소하고 사렵체능선은 불분명하고 소용돌이소체가 나타났으며 근육원섬유 용해와 곤육원섬유괴사가 관찰되었다. 가자미근에서는 근육원섬유에서 근육미세섬유의 배열과 끝가로막이 불규칙해지고 근육세포질세망의 수조가 팽대하였으며 근육원섬유용해가 나타났다. 4. 앞정강근에서 Cu, Zn-및 Mn-SOD 활성은 미약한 흑은 약한 양성반응을 나타내었고, 가자미근에서는 Cu, Zn-SOD는 미약한 양성반응을, Mn-SOD 는 미약한 혹은 약한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 허혈후 Cu, Zn- 및 Mn-SOD 의 활성은 허혈시간이 길수록 더욱 증가하였다. 5. Cu, Zn- 및 Mn-SOD 활성은 2시간 허혈 및 재관류 24 시간 경과시 약간 증가하였으며 72시간 경과시에는 앞정강근과 가자미근에서 정상대조군과 유사하게 나타났다. 6. 4시간 및 6시간 허혈 및 재관류후 두 근육에서 Cu, Zn- 및 Mn-SOD활성은 증가하였다. 두 근육에서 Mn-SOD의 활성변동은 유사하였으나 Cu, Zn- Mn-SOD의 활성증가는 앞정강근보다 가자미근에서 크게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 허혈 및 재관류 손상은 허혈시간과 재관류시간 경과에 따라 심하게 나타났고 가자미근보다 앞정강근에서 심하게 나타났으며, 손상의 차이는 두 근육에서 나타나는 SOD활성변동과 깊은 연관이 있는 것으로 생각된다. Skeletal muscles are known to have tolerance to ischemia, but a prolonged ischemia can cause damage to muscular tissues. The ischemia-reperfusion injury results from the oxygen free radicals released by leucocytes and formed by the reaction of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), one of major antioxidant enzymes occurring in the various tissues of the body metabolizes or scarvanges the oxygen free radicals. Although many studies reported difference in tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion between white and red muscles, some other investigators failed in finding such difference. The present study was performed to examine effects of graded periods of ischemia and reperfusion on the cellular ultrastructure and activity of SOD in white and red muscles. The Sprague-Dawley rats (200~250 g) were used as experimental animals. Under pentobarbita] (50 mg/kg IP) anesthesia, incision was made on lower abdomen and left common iliac artery was occluded by means of a vascular clamp for 2, 4 and 6 hour (hrs). Thereafter, the superficial portion of mid-belly of anterior tibial muscle and soleus muscles were excised at 0, 24 and 72 hrs after onset of reperfusion. The specimens were sectioned into slices, 2 mm in length, 1 mm in width and thickness. Some specimens were prepared for electron microscopic observation and others for determination of SOD activity by using antihuman CU, Zn- and Mn-SOD antibodies. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In anterior tibial muscle, areas with loose electron-density and dilated cristae were observed in the mitochondria immediately after 2 hrs of ischemia, while widened intermyofibrillar spaces and dilated cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum were seen after 2 hrs and 24 hrs reperfusion. When subjected to 2 hrs ischemia and 72 hrs reperfusion, no significant change was found in the cellular ultrastructure. 2. In soleus muscle, electron density was loose in the matrix of mitochondria immediately after 2 hrs of ischemia, while cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum were dilalated after 2 hrs of ischemia and 24 hrs reperfusion. Following 2 hrs of ischemia and 72 hrs repeifusion, the electron microscopic findings were similar to those of normal rats. 3. The changes in cellular ultrastructure were more prominent in both the 4 hrs and 6 hrs ischemia groups, in which degree of ultrastructural changes were proportional to duration of reperfusion. 4. In anterior tibial muscle, trace or weak immunoreactivities of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD were seen, whereas trace immunoreactivity of Cu, Zn-SOD and trace or weak immunoreactivity of Mn-SOD were observed in soleus muscle. 5. The immunoreactivities of CU, Zn- and Mn-SOD were not altered in 2 hrs ischemic and 72 hrs reperfused group, while they were increased slightly in 2 hrs ischemic and 24 hrs reperfused group. 6. In both muscles, the activity of SOD increased following 4 hrs or 6 hrs ischemia and 24 hrs or 72 hrs reperfusion. The changes in immunoreactivity of Mn-SOD were not different between two muscles, whereas immunoreactivity of Cu, Zn-SOD were higher in anterior tibial muscle. Consequently, it is suggested that significant ischemia reperfusion injuries are produced after 4 ~ 6 hrs ishemia followed by 24 hrs or 72 hrs reperfusion, that anterior tibial muscle is more susceptible to ischemic reperfusion injury and that the ischemic-reperfusion injury is closely related with activity of SOD.
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